'^> 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0     ^I2il^ 

■^  ^    12.2 


I.I 


IS   Ufi    |2.0 


liSSI 


1.4 


m 

■  1.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporalion 


23  WIST  MAIN  STMKT 

WnSTn,N.Y.  I4SS0 

(716)l7a-4S03 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHJVI/JCiVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  iMIcroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  fiotas/Notaa  techniquaa  at  bibliographiquaa 


Thi 
toi 


Tha  Instituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  aveilabia  for  filming.  Faaturas  of  this 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagas  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackaid  balow. 


0Colourad  covars/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


r~n    Covars  damagad/ 


□ 


s/ 


U 


Couvartura  andommagAa 

Covars  rastorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  rastaurte  at/ou  palliculta 

Covar  titia  missing/ 

La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 

Colourad  maps/ 

Cartas  gtegraphiquas  an  coulaur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couieur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I     I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  an  coulaur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
RelM  avec  d'autras  documanta 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadowa  or  diatortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  la  long  de  la  marge  IntArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  tha  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certainaa  pagae  blanches  ajoutAea 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaiaaant  dans  la  taxte, 
male,  lorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  kXh  fiimAaa. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentairea  supplAmantairaa: 


L'Institut  a  microfilmA  la  meilleur  exempiiiire 
qu'il  lui  a  hxh  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  c'  itails 
da  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut*Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mithoda  normala  de  filmage 
sont  indiqute  ci-dessous. 


I — I  Coloured  pages/ 


n 


Pagea  de  couieur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagAas 

Pages  reatored  and/oi 

Pages  reataurAea  et/ou  pellicuMea 

Pages  diacoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  dicoiorAes,  tachet^/os  ou  piquias 

Pages  detached/ 
Pagea  dAtachtea 

Showthroughy 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prin 

QualitA  inAgale  de  rimpreaaion 

Includss  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  material  suppl4mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mitlon  diaponibla 


r~n  Pages  damaged/ 

I — I  Pages  reatored  and/or  laminated/ 

rri  Pages  diacoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

r~~|  Pages  detached/ 

r^  Showthrough/ 

I     I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I     I  Includss  supplementary  material/ 

I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


Th( 
poi 
of 
filri 


Ori 
be] 
th« 
sio 
oti 
fin 
sio 
or 


Th( 
shi 
Tir 
wh 

Ml 
dif 
ent 
bei 
rig 
re<| 
ma 


Pagea  wholly  or  partially  obacurad  by  errata 
slips,  tissuea,  etc.,  have  been  ref timed  to 
enaura  the  best  possible  image/ 
Lea  pagea  totalament  ou  partiellement 
obacurciaa  par  un  fauillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  Ati  filmtos  i  nouveau  de  fa^on  A 
obtenir  la  mailleure  image  poaaibia. 


Thia  item  la  filmed  at  tha  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  eat  filmi  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiquA  ci-deaaoua. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


SOX 


V 

12X 


16X 


20X 


a«x 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  hare  has  baan  raproducad  thanks 
to  tha  ganarosity  of: 

Plant  RMMrch  Library 
Agrleultura  Cinada 


L'axamplaira  film6  fut  reproduit  grAca  A  la 
gAntrosIti  da: 

Bibliothique  da  racharehat  wr  las  vigitaux 
/MKieultura  Canada 


Tha  imagas  appearing  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possiblo  consldaring  tha  condition  and  iaglblllty 
of  tha  original  copy  and  In  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spaclfications. 


Original  coplas  In  printad  papar  covara  ara  fllmad 
beginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  ending  on 
tha  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  imprea- 
sion,  or  tha  back  covar  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  ara  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printad  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — »>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Lea  Imagas  sulvantas  ont  6t6  reprodultes  avec  la 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattatt  da  raxamplalra  f  Ilm6,  at  en 
conformit6  avec  las  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fllmaga. 

Lea  exomplalras  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  Imprimte  sont  fllmte  en  comman9ant 
par  la  premier  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  emprelnte 
d'impraasion  ou  d'iiiustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autres  axemplaires 
originaux  sont  fiimfo  an  commenpant  par  la 
premldre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impraasion  ou  d'iiiustration  at  en  tarminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  — ►  signifis  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmto  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  fiimd  d  partir 
de  I'angia  8up6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  an  pranant  le  nombre 
d'imagas  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
iliustrant  la  m^thode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

y 


PLi 


BRIEF  D] 
NATURAL 
NORTH    ( 


1 .   V:,   -^>  ^y 


I 


LIBRARY 

WVT8ION  OF  EOTAi;7. 

AND 

PLANT  PATH<X-OGY 


A 

FLORA  OP  NORTHWEST  AMERICA. 


J  COXTAIMXO 

BRIEF  DESCRIPTK^NSOF  ALLTIIE  KNOWN  INDKJF.NOU^  AND 
NATURAUZEI)  PLANTS  (JROWINd  AVITHOUT  C!r"r-TIVAT1(>N 
NORTH     OF    CAUFORNFA,     WEST   OF  T'TAII,     AND     SOUTH  OF 

BRITISH    COI.U^n'.IA.  ^    .^  ,-         .    /j 


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THOMAS  HOWELL 

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"Pouy.  v.>.^. 

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VOL.  L 

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(T^SvK^ 

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I-K  1,    HAXtlXCUr.ACK.K  TO    RHAMNACK.K., 

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91^ 

Price  Fifty  Centfi. 

IS- 

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PORTLAMI    OREUON, 

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March  15tlt,  18U7. 

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BRIEF  DE 
NATURALl 
NORTH    O] 


lEatered  accordln) 


A 

FLORA  OF  NORTHWEST  AUERICA. 


(-ONTAINING 

BRIEF   DESCRIPTIONS  OF  ALL  THE  KNOWN    INDIGENOUS  AND 

NATURALIZED    PLANTS    GROWING    WITHOUT    CULTIVATION 

NORTH    OF    CALIFORNIA.    WEST  OF  UTAH,    AND    SOUTH  OF 

BRITISH    COLUMBIA. 


BY 


THOMAS  HOWELL 


VOL.  L 


PHANEROGAMiE. 


FASCICrR  1,   RANCNCUI.ACK-W  TO   RHAMNACE.C. 


■, 
I 


Price  Fifty  Cents. 

PORTLAND    OREGON, 
March  10th,  1807. 


iKntered  according  to  Act  of  CongresB  In  the  year  1897,  by  Thos.  Howell,  In  the  office  of  the 

Librarian  of  OongresK  at  Waehiogton. 


)   i 


I    •     s-.f  -•y     y-*      W 


Preface. 


All  the  territory  of  the  United  States  of  America  south  of  the 
British  boundary,  except  Oregon,  Washington  and  Idaho,  being 
supplied  with  local  Floras,  this  work  is  intended  to  fill  up  the 
corner  left  out  by  other  authors. 

As  the  writing  of  descriptions  of  plants  at  this  late  date  is,  to 
a  great  extent,  writing  or  copying  what  others  have  previously 
done,  it  is  hardly  right  to  claim  originality  for  work  done  in  that 
field ;  I,  therefore,  wish  to  acknowledge  here  that  I  have  used  the 
works  of  Torrey  &  Gray,  Dr.  Asa  Gray,  Sereno  Watson,  William 
Trelease,  Coulter  &  Rose,  Edward  L.  Greene  and  others,  and  to 
save  repetition  (which  would  otherwise  occur  on  every  page) 
I  wish  to  give  full  credit  here  to  all  authors,  any  portion  of 
whose  works  have  been  copied  herein. 

Wherever  possible,  descriptions  have  been  drawn  from  speci- 
mens in  hand,  but  some  I  have  been  unable  to  procure  and  for 
these  I  have  had  no  other  alternative  than  to  copy  from  descrip- 
tions already  published. 

Believing  that  if  a  plant  has  one  constant  character  that  is  dif- 
ferent from  any  ot  its  congeners  it  is  sufficient  for  a  species;  and 
that  if  a  plant  is  sufiiciently  distinct  from  others  to  deserve  a 
name  it  is  better  to  have  it  described  as  a  distinct  species  tlian 
as  a  variety  of  some  other  species,  I  have,  therefore,  raised 
nearly  all  published  varieties  of  the  region  embraced  in  this  work 
to  specific  rank. 


A  FLORA  • 

OF 

NORTHWEST  AMERICA. 

Series  I.  CORMOPHYTA  Endlicher. 

Plants  consiBting  of  root  and  stem  crowing  iu  opposite  dir- 
ections, composed  of  regular  cellular  tissue  traversed  (except 
iu  the  very  lowest  forms)  by  woody  fibre.  Stems  increasing  in 
size  either  at  the  apex  and  circumference  simultaneously,  or  at 
the  apex  only,  producing  buds,  and  usually,  distinct  leaves  at 
definite  points  and  in  regular  order.  Propagation  effected  by 
means  of  flowers  and  seeds,  or  spores. 

PHANEROGAM^:.    Plants  producing  flowers  and  perfect  seeds. 
CRYPTOGAMS.    Plants  producing  spores  but  not  flowers. 

SuBSERiES  1.  PHANEROGAMiE. 

Plants  bearing  flowers  with  one  or  more  stamens  and  produc- 
ling  seeds  that  contain  an  embryo. 

ANGI08PERM£.    Ovule  enclosed  in  an  ovary,  and  fertilized  through 
a  stigma. 

|r  GYMNOSPERMiE.    Ovule  not  enclostd  in  an  ovary  and  fertilized  by 
lirect  application  of  pallen. 

Class  1.  ANGIOSPERMiE. 

Pistil  consisting  of  a  closed  ovary  which  contains  the  ovule 
|and  forms  the  fruit,   and  a  more  or  less  manifest  style  and 
stigma.  „        , 

EXOGENS*  Stems  with  pith  in  the  centre  and  the  woody  fibre  in  annual 
layers  or  rings :  embryo  usually  with  two  opposite  cotyledons. 

ENOOGEN^t  Stems  without  pith,  and  the  woody  fibre  scattered  irregu* 
larly :  embryo  with  a  single  cotyled  )n. 

Subclass  1.  EXOGEN^. 

Stem  consisting  of  pith  in  the  centre,  bark  on  the  outside, 
md  these  separated  by  one  or  more  layers  of  fibrous  or  woody 
tissue  which,  when  the  stem  lives  for  mote  than  one  year,  in- 
creases by  the  addition  of  new  layers  outside  next  to  the  bark. 
"Umbryo  usually  with  two  opposite  cotyledons. 

POLYPETAL£i  Petals  distinct,  rarely  united  at  base  or  wanting. 
GAMOPETAL£>  Petals  more  or  less  united :  very  rarely  wanting. 
APETAL£<  Petals  always  wanting. 


I< 


•  SYNOPTICAL  KEY. 

Division  1.  POLYPETALiB. 

Floral  envelopes  consisting  usually  of  both  calyx  and  corolla; 
the  petals  distinct  or  rarely  united  with  each  otner,  sometimes 
Mranting . 

SYNOPTICAL  KEY  to  the  P0LYPETAL0U8  ORDERS. 

§  1.  Stamens  hypogynous,  free  from  the  calyx  and  the  super- 
ior ovary. 

*  Carpels  solitary,  or  distinct. 

■*-  Sepals  and  petals  deciduous,  rarely  persistent  in  No.  1.    Leaves 
alternate  or  all  radical,  rarely  opposite  or  whorled. 

1  RananciilaceK.  Pepais  4  or  more :  petals  as  many  and  alternate  with 
them  or  wanting :  stamens  usually  numerous :  carpels  one  to  many : 
fruit  achenes  or  follicles,  or  in  Act'iea  a  berry. 

8  Berberidacev.  Parts  of  the  flower  in  threes,  in  opposite  ranks,  distinct, 
(sepals  and  petals  wanting  in  Achlys) :  anthers  opening  by  valves :  car- 
pel solitary,  (a  berry  in  Berheris). 

Sepals  3,  petals  6,  stamens  many,  carpels  several,  soon  distinct,  becoming 
linear  torulose  several-seeded  pods:  Plaiyttemon  in  Papaveracev. 

*  ♦  Ovary  compound  with  parietal  placent«e,  or  seeds  covering  the 
cell-walls. 

^  Capsule  many-celled,  indehiscent:  sepals  and  petals  persistent. 

8  Nymphnacete.  Parts  of  the  flower  indefinite,  mostly  numerous :  seeds 
numerous,  covering  the  walls  of  the  cells.  Aquatic  herbs  with  entire 
plain  leaves  and  solitary  flowers. 

4  Sarracenlaceae.  Sepals  and  petals  5.  Acauiescent  marsh  perennials 
with  odd-shaped  leaves  and  solitary  flowers. 

■*-  -4-  Valves  of  the  capsule  separating  from  the  persistent  placentae. 
Sepals  and  petals  persistent. 

■M-  iSeeds  albuminous. 

6  Papaveraceie.    Sepals  2  or  3,  caducous:  petals  twice  as  many,  alike: 

stamens  numerous:  capsule  2-8everal-valved,  one-  (rarely  several)  cell- 
ed. Herbs,  or  shrubs  with  mostly  alternate  leaves  without  stipules, 
and  often  colored  juice. 

tt  Funiariacee.  Flowers  very  irregular :  sepals  2,  small :  petals  4,  in  2  dis- 
similar pairs :  stamens  6,  diadelphous :  capsule  1-celled,  2-valved,  sev- 
eral to  many-seeded.  Herbs  witn  alternate  leaves  without  stipules. 

**  **  Seeds  without  albumen ;  flowers  regular. 

7  Craclferae.    Sepals  and  petals  4:  stamens  6,  tetradynamous  (rarely  4  or 

2) ;  capsule  2-celled,  2-valved,  2-many-seeded ;  rarely  1-celled  and  inde- 
hiscent.   Herbs  with  alternate  leaves  without  stipules. 

8  Capparldaceae.    Sepals  and  petals  4 :  stamens  6  or  more,  nearly  equal : 

capsule  2-valved,  1-2-celled,  l-several-seeded.  Mostly  herbs  with  alter- 1 
nate  often  stipulate  leaves. 

■*-■*-■*-  Capsule  1-celled,  several-carpelled,  the  valves  not  separating 
from  the  placentee. 

•M-  Flowers  inregnlar. 

yiolacev.  Sepals  and  petals  6:  anthers  5,  coherent :  style  1,  clavate: 
capsule  3-valved,  many-seeded.  Low  herbs  with  alternate  or  radical 
stipulate  leaves. 


! 


Sepaliand  pc' 
Low  herb 

Hepols  and  i>«< 
herbs  witl 

•••  OVM 

ly  atriotly  h; 

10  Polygalaei 

ed :  atamei 
upper  side 

■f  ■*-  Floi 
embryo  oun 

11  Caryophyl 

stamens  1( 
twice  as  m 
with  oppof 

12  Portnlaoa( 

few-many 
cumsciMil 


Kepals  and  pe 
celled,  S-^ 
pitoher-shi 

18  Elatlniuee 

many-ovul 
and  axillai 

14  Hypericac 

styles  3 :  c; 
leaves  wit) 

15  Malvacete. 

ons ;  antlu 
separating 
shrubs  wi1 

16  Llnacev. 

ed,  4-10,8€ 

Flowers  5-mei 
Prostrate 

Mollugo  (71 
**  **  Fru 

17  Geranlace 

cated :  sta 
ating  fron 
Herbs  wit 

18  Umnanth 

lute  in  th( 


SYNOPTICAL  KEY. 


-M-  -M-  Flowen  regular:  leaTes  without  stipules. 
Sepsis  and  petals  S,:  styles  b,  3-parted:  oapsule  S-valved,  many  seeded. 

Low  herbs  with  the  leaves  all  radical.  Droteraceir. 
Hepals  and  i>etals  5:  stamens  indefinite:  styles  8:  capsule  S'Valved.     Low 

herbs  with  opposite  leaves.  Hypericum  in  Hypericaceat. 

*  *  *  Ovary  of  2-several  carpels  and  central  placentae:  stamens  most- 
ly strictly  hypogynous:  sepals  persistent. 

■*-  Flowers  very  irregular . 

10  Pelygalaeen.  Capsule  compressed,  narrowly  winged,  2-celled,  2-8eed- 
ed:  stamens  4-8,  m';nadelphoiip  (united  into  a  tube  that  in  split  on  the 
upper  side),  or  distinct :  anthers  1-ceiled,  opening  at  the  top. 

■*-  •*-  Flowers  regular:  capsule  2-celled  with  free  central  placentoB: 
embryo  curved  around  central  albumen. 

11  Caryophyllaoen.    Flowers  mostly  5-merou8 ;  petals  sometimes  none: 

stamens  10  or  fewer :  styles  3-6,  the  capsule  opening  by  an  many  or 
twice  as  many  valves :  ovules  numerous.  Herbs,  rarely  woody  at  base, 
with  opposite  leavea  mostly  without  stipules. 

12  PortaiaeaceB.    Bepals  2,  4-8  in  Lewisia :  petals  2-5  or  more :  stamens 

few-many :  style  2-cIeft :  ovules  few  or  many ;  capsule  2-3-valved  or  cir- 
cumscissiie. 

•*-■*-■*-  Flowers  regular:  ovary  2-several  celled. 
-*  Capsule  not  lobed  nor  winged. 
=  Stamens  distinct  or  nearly  so,  not  in  fascicles. 
Sepals  and  petals  5,  persistent:  stamens  many:  style  5-lobed:  capsule  5* 
celled,  S-valved,  many-seeded.    Acaulesoent  marsh  perennials  with 
pitcher-shaped  leaves  and  solitary  flowers.  Sarrnaeniacex. 

18  Elatinlucew.  Hepals  and  petals  2-5:  styles  distinct:  capsule  2-5-ceIled, 
many-ovuled.  Low  herbs  with  opp:)9ite  leaves,  membranous  »dpules, 
and  axillary  flowers. 

=  =  Stamens  clustered  at  base  into  fascicles. 

14  Hyperlcaceae.  Hepals  and  petals  5 :  stamens  numerous,  in  3  fascicles : 

styles  3 :  capsule  3-celled,  many-seeded.  Herbs  with  opposite  entire 
leaves  without  stipules,  and  yellow  flowers  in  cymes. 

=  =  =  Stamens  monadelphous  (united  into  a  tube; . 

15  Malvacete.    Calyx  valvate :  petals  5,  united  at  bai^e :   stamens  numer- 

ous ;  anthers  1-celled :  carpels  either  in  a  ring  l-few-seeded  and  at  length 
separating,  or  forming  a  6-10-celled  many-seeded  capsule.  Herbs  or 
shrubs  with  alternate  stipulate  leaves. 

==  =  =  =  Stamens  5,  not  united. 

Itt  Llnacese.  Flowers  5-merou8:  styles  2-5:  capsule  2-5-valved,  4-10-cell- 
ed,  4-10,Beeded.     Low  herbs  with  entire  leaves  and  panicled  flowers. 

Flowers  S-merous:  petals  none:  styles  3:  capsule  3-celled,  several-seeded. 
Prostrate  annual  with  entire  verticillate  leaves  and  axillary  flowers. 
Mollugo  in  Ficoideoe. 

**  **  Fruit  lobed  or  winged:  ovules  1  or  2  in  each  cell,  pendulous. 
=  Flowers  slightly  irregular. 

17  GeraniaceiB.     Sepals  5,  imbricated  in  the  bud :  petals  5,  mostly  imbri- 

cated :  stamens  mostly  10 :  styles  5,  coherent  to  an  axis  at  length  separ- 
ating from  it:  capsule  5-celIed,  the  cells  2-oviiled  but  only  1  maturing. 
Herbs  with  opposite  stipulate  leaves  and  long-beaked  carpels. 

=  =  Flowers  regular. 

18  Llmnanthaceie.    Flowers  5-merous :  sepals  valvate  and  petals  convo- 

lute in  the  bud :  carpels  fleshy,  indehiscent,  1-ovuled.  Tender  annuals 


■ '.  <.M   (K^  Kt, 


SYNOPTICAL  KEY. 


with  alternate  dissected  leaves  without  stipules. 

19  Oxalldaoen.  Flowers  5-merou8 :  sepals  imbricated  and  petals  mostly 
convolute  In  the  bud :  carpels  combined  into  a  6-celled  and  few-many- 
ovuled  capsule.  Low  herbs  with  sour  juice  and  alternate  or  radical 
trifoliate  leaves. 

=  =  =  Flowers  very  irregulai*. 

80  Balsaminaeen.    Sepals  6,  imbricated  in  the  bud :  petals  4,  united  in 

fairs,  rarely  Sand  distinct:  fruit  a SrceUed  several-seeded  capsule. 
!oarse  succulent  herbs  with  entire  leaves  without  stipules. 

«  «  «  •  Ovary  compound  with  central  placentae:  stamens  borne  up- 
on a  more  or  Iom  perigynons  disk:  flowers  mostly  polygamous  or  dice- 
oious:  calyx  persistent  or  the  limb  deciduous:  cells  of  the  ovary  1-few- 
ovuled:  seeds  mostly  erect  or  ascending  and  albuminous. 

21  Celastraceae.  Flowers  perfect,  4-6-merous :  capsule  2-6-celled :  seeds 
arillate.  Shrubs  with  opposite  pinnately  veined  leaves  and  no  stipules. 

88  BhainnacesB.  Calyx  valvate,  the  4  or  5  lobes  alternate  with  as  many 
stamens,  deciduous :  petals  often  none :  style  often  4-  or  5-  lobed  or 
cleft :  fruit  a  berry,  drupe-like,  or  dry,  1-4-celIed.  Shrubs  or  trees  with 
simple  leaves  and  small  stipules. 

88  Yitaoeae.  Flowers  4--  5-merous :  calyx  minute :  petals  valvate  with  a 
stamen  at  the  base  of  each :  fruit  a  2-celled,  2-4-8eeded  berry.  Woody 
vines  climbing  by  tendrils. 

84  jLeeraoeae.  Flowers  dioecious  or  polygamous,  often  apetalous :  styles 
1-3 :  fruit,  in  ours,  a  double  samara  or  a  single  follicle.  Trees  or  shrubs 
with  opposite,  rarely  alternate,  leaves  and  mostly  no  stipules. 

86  AnaeardlaceiB.  Flowers  mostly  5-merous :  stigmas  3 :  fruit  a  drupelet. 
Shrubs  with  mi^ky  juice  and  alternate  leaves  without  stipules. 

§  2,  Stamens  perigynous  (upon  the  calyx)  or  epigynous  (upon 
the  top  of  the  ovary}. 

•  Ovary  superior  or,  nearly  so. 
H-  Carpels  solitary  or  distinct- 

86  Legaminosae.  Flowers  mostly  irregular :  stamens  10,  rarely  fewer, 
mostlv  monadelphous  (all  united)  or  diadelphous  (9  and  1) :  carpel  soli- 
tary, becoming  a  legume.  Herbs  shrubs  or  trees  with  alternate  stipu- 
late leaves. 

87  Amygdalaceae.    Carpel  solitary  or  rarely  6,  becoming  a  drupe,  entirely 

free  from  the  calyx ;  ovules  2,  pendulous :  seed  usually  solitary. 

88  Pomaee*.    Carpels  2-5,  enclosed  in  the  fleshy  calyx-tube,  with  2  erect 

ovules  in  each  cell.    Trees  or  shrubs  with  free  stipules. 

89  Kosaeen.    Flowers  regular,  mostly  5-merous,  or  the  stamens  usually 

numerous :  carpels  1-many,  becoming  achenes.   Herbs  shrubs  or  trees 
with  alternate,  mostly  stipulate  leaves. 

■*-  ■*-  Carpels  united  or  free:  seeds  mostly  albuminous:  leaves  sim- 
ple; stipules  none,  or  adnate  to  the  base  of  the  petiole. 

to  Saxifk'agaeen.  Flowers  5-merous ;  styles  or  tips  of  the  caipels  distinct 
and  soon  divergent ;  fruit  a  2-celIed  capsule.  Herbs  with  mostly  alter- 
nate simple  leaves  without  distinct  stipules. 

81  Hjrdrangeacen.  Flowers  5-merous:  fruit  a  3-5-celled  capsule.  Shrubs 
with  opposite  simple  leaves  without  stipules. 

82   RibesiaceK.    Fiowers  5-merou8 :  fruit  a  1-celled  berry.    Shrubs  with 
alternate  simple  leaves  with  adnate  stipules  or  none. 

88  CrasBnlaoen*  Flowers  3  or  5-merous :  stamens  nearly  hypo^ynous : 
carpels  3-6,  becoming  1-many-seeded  follicles. 


SYNOPTICAL  KEY. 


|S4  Droseracew.  Sepals  and  petals  5 :  styles  3,  2-parted :  capsule  8-valved, 
many-seeded.  Ixjw  marsh  herbs  with  the  leaves  all  radical  and  beset 
with  gland-tipped  hairs. 

CeratophyllacesB.  Fruit  a  crustaceous  1-seeded  achene.  Submersed 
aquatic  herbs  with  finely  dissected  whorled  leaves  and  minute  axillary 
flowers. 

|8U  Lythracesp.  Flowers  4- or  6-merou::  style  1 :  capsule  enclosed  in  the 
calyx,  2-4-celled,  many-seeded.  Herbs  with  mostly  opposite  leaves 
ana  axillary  flowers. 

**  Ovary  wholly  inferior. 

■*-  Fruit  with  central  placentae:  stamens  few, 

*-  Not  tendril-bearing  and  flowers  not  in  umbels :  stipules  none. 

|37  Halorageae.  Fruit  indehiscent,  nut-like,  1-4-celled,  with  a  single  sus- 
pended seed  in  each  cell.  Aquatic  herbs  with  opposite  or  verticillate 
leaves  and  inconspicuous  axillary  flowers. 

OnagracesB.  Flowers  2-  or  4-merou8 :  calyx  valvate  in  the  bud ;  style 
1 ;  fruit  a  2-  or  4-celled  capsule  or  berry-like. 

**■  **  Tendril-bearing  herbs  with  alternate  leaves  without  stipules. 

9  Cucnrbltacesp.    Flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious,  often  gamopetalous : 
fruit  fleshy,  indehiscent,  1-several-celled. 

-•-  -K  Fruit  with  parietal  placentae,  several-many-seeded:  stamens 
many:  stipules  none . 

Loasaceie.    Flowers  perfect,  conspicuous ;  style  3-cleft :  capsule  1-cell- 
ed ;  leaves  rough  with  tenacious  hairs. 

1  Flcoideae    Sepals  mostly  5;  petals  none;  capsule  3-5-celled. 

2  Cactacese.      Sepals  and  petals  numerous :    stamens  many :    capsule 
I-celled.    Leafless,  usually  prickly,  fleshy  perennials. 

*-  -I-  •♦-  Frait  indehiscent;  dry,  beiTy-like  ,or  drupe-like,  mostly 
3-celled,  with  a  suspended  seed  in  each  cell:  ovary  with  an  epigynous 
disk  (wanting  in  Garrya). 

**  Flowers  in  umbels. 
8  Umbelliferte.    Carpels  and  styles  2 :  fruit  dry. 

4  Araliaceie.    Carpels  and  styles  4  or  6,  becoming  a  berry-like  fruit. 
*♦  ■»♦  Flowers  in  cymes  or  aments. 

5  CornaeeiB.    Inflorescence  cymose :  flowers  perfect,  4-merous :  style  1 : 
fruit  baccate,  2-3-celled.    Herbs  shrubs  or  trees  with  opposite  leaves. 

:tt  GarryacesB.   Flowers  in  aments,  dioecious ;  sepals  4 :  petals  none :  styles 

2:  fruit  baccate,  1-celled.    Shrubs  with  opposite,  simple  leaves, 
lowers  perfect,  cymose,  S-merous;  petals  imbricated,  united:  fruit  baccate 
bereies  contoining  1-5  seed-like  nutlets.  Sambucex. 


Ord] 

Sepals  3-( 
colored  and 
Stamens  ind 
iisually  nun 
solitary  pr  s 
auatropous. 
albumen, 
juice,  aliem 
base  of  the  p< 

Tribe  i.  I 
Petals  very  s 

1  Clematis.  I 

Tribe  ii.  I 
Fruit  a  head 

*  Achene 
spurred  at  I 

i  Anemone. 

or  whorled 

3  Thallctrnn 

ternately  de 

*  *  Achec 
spurred  at  b 

4  Myosnrnst 

Tribe  hi. 
coming  achei 

5  Trantvettei 

cid,   soon 

6  Batrachlnm 

petals  'white 
versely  wrin 

7  Banancnlns 

mostly  yelk 
claw:  achene 

Tribe  iv. 
ular  or  none 
iilternate. 


8  Caltha.  Se( 

9  TrolUns.  Sc 

sejBBile;  le 

10  Coptif .  (:ep 

SQiqmit ;  c 

11  Aqallegla. 

5,'se8sile: 


Order  I.    RANU^      LACEJl  Endl.  Gen.  843. 

Sepals  3-6  or  more  but  usually  5,  distinct,  hypogynous,  often 
colored  and  petaloid.  Petals  l-several  or  none,  nypogvnous. 
Stamens  indefinite  in  number,  hypogynous,  distinct.  Ovaries 
usually  numerous,  sometimes  few  or  solitary,  distinct :  ovules 
solitary  or  several.  Fruit  achenes  or  follicles  or  baccate.  Seeds 
anatropous.  Embryo  minute,  near  the  base  of  horny  or  fleshy 
albumen.  Herbs  or  rarely  shrubs  with  colorless  usually  acrid 
juice,  alternate  or  rarely  opposite  leaves  without  stipules,  the 
i3ase  of  the  petiole  generally  dilated  and  partly  clasping  the  stem. 

Tribe  i.  Leaves  opposite.  Sepals  valvate  in  the  bud,  petaloid. 
Petals  very  small  or  none.  Fruit  a  head  of  hairy-tailed  achenes. 

I  Clematis.  Half- woody  plants  climbing  by  their  petioles,  or  erect  herbs, 

Tribe  ii.  Sepals  petaloid  or  greenish,  imbricated  in  the  bud. 
Fruit  a  head  or  spike  of  achenes. 

*  Achenes  in  a  moie  or  let's  glolulor  or  oblcng  head.     Sepals  not 
spurred  at  base,  petaloid.    Petuls  none. 

i  Anemone*  Sepals  indefinite  in  i;unil  er.  'eaves  on  the  stem  opposite, 
or  whorled  on  or  below  1-flowered  peduncles. 

t  Thallctrnm*  Flowers  mostly  dioecious,  panicled:  leaves  alternate, 
ternately  decompound. 

*  *  Achenes  numerous,  in  a  long  and  (leiK](  r,  or  ehcrt  spike.  Sepals 
spurred  at  base.     Petals  present. 

4  MyosnrnS'     Petals  slender;  flowers,  solitary  ou  scapes. 

Tribe  hi.  Sepals  imbricate  in  the  bud.  Pistils  numerous,  be- 
coming achenes.     Ovule  solitary,  ascending.     Leaves  alternate. 

5  Trautvetterla.     Flowers  perfect,  (orjmbosely  panicled;  sepals  petal- 

old,   soon  deciduous;  leaves  alternate,  pnlmately  cleft. 

6  Batrachiam>  Flowers  perfect:  peduncles  solitui-^;-,  opposite  the  leaves: 
petals  white  with  a  naked  nectai-iferous  pit  near  the  base:  achenes  trans- 
versely wrinkled  on  the  sides. 

t  Rannnenlng.  Flowers  perfect:  peduncles  axillary  or  terminal:  petals 
mostly  yellow,  with  a  nectariferous  spot  or  pit  covered  by  a  scale  on  the 
claw:  achenes  not  wrinkled  on  the  sides. 

Tribe  iv.  Sepals  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Petals  small  or  irreg- 
ular or  none.  Fruit  l-several  follicles,  or  a  1-celled  berry.  Leaves 
alternate. 

*  Fruit  l-several  follicles. 
■*-  Flowers  regulai-;  follicles  1-15. 

8  Calttaa*  Sepals  petaloid;  petals  none;  leaves  simple;  carpels  5-15. 

9  TroUins.  Sepals  5-15,  petaloid:    petals 5-20,  tubulai-  at  base;  follicles 

s^sile;  leaves  palmately  parted. 

10  Coptis*  ^'epals  5-6,  greenish :  petals  b-6  enlarged  in  the  middle  or  at  the 

BiiiQmit ;  carpels  5-10,  itipitate :  leaves  compound,  persistent. 

11  Aqmtlejrla>  Sepals  f*,  colored:  petals  6,  all  spurred  backwards :  carpels 
6,--Mn9ile :  leaves  ternately  compound.  ' 


h\ 


( 


8 


RANUNCULACEiE. 


CLEMATIS. 


•*-  ■*-  Flowers  irregular ;  follicles  1-5 :  leaves  lobed  or  dissected. 
It  Delphlnlnnit  Sepals  5,  the  upper  one  produced  backwards  into  a  spur: 
petals  4,  the  2  upper  ones  produced  backwards. 

It  Aconttnm.  Sepals  5,  the  uppar  one  arched  into  a  hood :  petals  6,  the  3 
lower  ones  minute  or  stamen-like. 

■*-■*-■*-  Flowers  regular:  carpels  1-5:  leaves  compound. 
U  Isopyrnnii  Sepals  5,  petaloid:  petals  5,  sometimes  none :  low  herbs. 
1ft  Cimiclfogrft*  Sepals  5,  petaloid,  caducous :  petals  5  or  none ;  tall  herbs. 

♦  •  Fruit  a  1-celled  berry. 
16  Actaea*  Sepals  3-5,  petaloid,  caducous :  petals  1-10,  small,  soon  decidu- 
ous :  leaves  ternately  compound. 

Tribe  v.  Sepals  herbaceous,  imbricated  in  the  bud,  persistent. 
Petals  conspicuous.  Carpels  few,  many-ovuled,  becoming  follicles. 

11  Psonla* .  Herbs  or  shrubq  with  alternate  compound  leaves  and  large 
fleshy  roots. 

Tribe  1.  Clematidea'  DC.  Sepals  valvate  in  the  bud.  Stamens 
numerous,  with  adnate  anthers.  Carpels  numerous,  1-ovuled,  becom- 
ing indehiscent  hairy-tailed  achenes.  Ovule  suspended.  Herbs  or 
trailing  woody  plants  with  opposite  leaves. 

1  CLEMATIS   Tourn.  Inst.  255.     Linn.  Gen.  n.  696. 

Erect  herbs  or  somewhat  woody  plants  that  cli  mb  by  their 
petioles.  Sepals  5,  rarely  more,  colored,  valvate  or  with  the  edges 
turned  inwards  in  the  bud.  Petals  shorter  than  the  sepals  or 
wanting.  Stamens  numerous  with  extrorse  anthers.  Style  persis- 
tent, becoming  plumous  appendages  of  the  compressed  achenes. 

§  1.  Flammula  DC.  partly.  Flowers  comparatively  small  and 
usually  cymous-paniculate,  white  or  whitish,  in  ours  dioecious. 
Sepals  petaloid,  thin,  widsly  spreading.  Petals  none.  Anthers 
mostly  short,  blunt. 

C.  lignsticifolfa  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  FI.  i,  9.  Somewhat  pubescent:  stems. 
2-30  feet  long :  leaves  quinate  to  quinate-ternate :  leaflets  oblong,  acute, 
mostly  somewhat  lanceolate-cuneate,  incisely  lobed  and  trifid,  2-  6  inches 
long:  flowers  in  paniculate  corymbs:  sepals  thin,  silky,  white,  4-6  lines 
long,  equaling  the  stamens:  achenes  pubescent,  tails  1-2  inches  long 
Along  streams,  from  N.  Cal.  to  Brit.  Columbia  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

C.  brevifoUa.  C.  Ugusticifolia  var.  brevi/olia  Nutt.  T.  dk  0.  Fl.  i,  9. 
Stems  woody,  climDing  over  "brush  and  cliffs,  3-18  feet  long:  leaves  nearly 
smooth,  mostly  5-foliate,  somewhat  coriaceous ;  leaflets  broadly  ovate  to 
lanceolate-ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  usually  3-lobed  and  coarsely  toothed : 
sepals  white,  thin,  4-6  lines  long,  equaling  the  stamens:  achenes  densely 
pubescent :  silky-white  tails  1-2  inches  long.  Along  streams,  from  the 
Blue  Mountains  in  Oregon  to  Brit.  Columbia. 

C.  Saksdorlll  Robinson  in  Gray's  Syn.  Fl.  i  4.  Leaves  quinate,  glab- 
rous ;  leaflets  1-1>^  inches  long :  sepals  widely  spreading  or  reflexed  in 
anthesis,  velvety-pubescent  on  the  outside :  heads  of  fruit  small  and  few- 
carpelled,  not  over  an  inch  in  diameter  at  full  maturity  including  the 
curling  tails :  pubescence  of  the  young  achenes  woolly  or  felt-like,  the  hairs 
crinkly,  not  straight  nor  silky  as  in  C.  ligusticifolia :  mature  achenes  with 
broadly  ovate  nearly  orbicular  body  and  filiform  sparsely  pubescent  tails. 
Klickitat  river  Washington,  collected  and  first  recognized  as  distinct  by 
W.  M.  Sukidorf  July  15th.  1881. 


CLEMATIS. 
§    2    ViORI 

mostly  node 
long  and  slei 
herbaceous 

C>  Donirlasl 

less  villous,  W( 
lanceolate  segi 
gate  in  fruit :  t 
the  apex,  dee 
g(  )n  to  Brit,  d 

C  Scottii  I 

hairs;  bushy, 
inches  high ;  h 
some  or  all  of 
long  or  ovate- 
long  ;  some  up 
axillary  and  t 
ovate,  with  ref 
pie,  thickish, 
with  densely  p 
southern  Coloi 

§  3.  AtrA( 
naked  pedun 
spreading  fni 
pubescent  fil 
enlarging  to  e 
by  the  petioh 

C.  vertlclllfl 

most  glabrous ; 
ruptly  acumin 
mountains  frot 

C.  Columbia 

nate ;  leaflets  p 
1-2  inches  broai 
of  the  stamens 
and  Brit.  Colui 

C>  oehotensl 

Stems  woody,  t 
ceolate  acumina 
-ovate,  purplisl 
rudiments  of  a 
tails  1}4  iuches 

Tribe  2.  A) 
in  the  bud.  f 
Herbs  with  th 
several-flower 

2  AI 

Erect  pere 
all  radical  63 
Sepals  4-20, 
erous;  style 


IMATIB. 


CLEMATIS. 


RANUNCULACE^. 


9 


:ted. 

to  a  spur : 

1b  6,  the  3 


herbs. 
,11  herbs. 

m  decidu- 

jrsistent. 
follicleH. 

and  large 

Stamens 
i,  hecom- 
Herhs  or 


by 

he 


their 
edges 
sepals  or 
e  persis- 
chenes. 

[nail  and 

lioecious. 

Anthers 

tt:  stems, 
ng,  acute, 
I-  6  inches 
,  4-6  lines 
ches  long 
ountaine. 

Fl.  i,  9. 
res  nearly 

ovate  to 

toothed : 
B  densely 

from  the 

ate,  glab- 
iflexed  in 

and  few- 
uding  the 

the  hairs 
enes  with 
:ent  tails, 
istinct  by 


§  2  VioRNA  Spach.  Flowers  large,  hermaphrodite,  solitary  and 
mostly  nodding  on  rather  long  peduncles.  Petals  none.  Anthers 
long  and  slender,  pointed.  Filaments  hirsute  or  pubescent.  Ours 
herbaceous  perennials. 

Ci  Doaglasll  Hook.  FI.  i,  1.  i.  1.  Stems  wimble  or  branchtd,  more  or 
less  villous,  woolly  at  the  joints :  leaves  2-3-pinnatifid  with  linear  to  linear- 
lanceolate  segments :  flowers  nodding,  on  erect  naked  peduncles  that  elon- 
gate in  fruit:  sepals  thick,  pubescent,  more  or  less  spreading  and  woolly  at 
the  apex,  deep  purple  inside,  paler  externally.  High  mountsins,  E.J  Ore- 
gon to  Brit.  Columbia  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

€•  Scottii  Porter  Fl.  Col.  1.  More  or  less  villous  with  soft  spreading 
hairs ;  bushy,  branching  from  a  suffrutescent  base ;  branches  erect,  9-18 
inches  high ;  leaves  opposite,  on  rather  long  petioles,  large,  pinnate,  with 
some  or  all  of  the  divisions  3-5-parted  or  3-5-foliate;  lobes  or  leaflets  ob- 
long or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  4-5  lines  broad  by  an  inch 
long;  some  upper  leates  with  distinctly  tortuous  partial  petioles:  flowers 
axillary  and  terminal,  nodding,  on  peduncles  ;-]-6  inches  long:  sepals  4, 
ovate,  with  reflexed  summits,  nearly  an  inch  long,  dark-  or  brownish-pur- 
ple, thicklsh,  more  or  less  tomentose  outside :  achenes  silky-pubescent, 
with  densely  plumose  tails  1-1)^  inches  long.  Beaver  Canyon  Idaho  to 
southern  Colorado. 

§  3.  Atragene  DC.  Flowers  large,  hermaphrodite,  solitary  on 
naked  peduncles.  Sepals  much  exceeding  the  stamens  and  pistils, 
spreading  from  the  base,  thin,  petaloid.  Anthers  short,  on  long 
pubescent  filaments :  usually  some  of  the  outermost  filaments 
enlarging  to  small  spatulate  petals.  Half-woody  plants  that  climb 
by  the  petioles. 

C.  verticlUarls  DC.  f^yst.  i,  166.  Stems  slender,  somewhat  woody,  al- 
most glabrous ;  leaves  ternate ;  leaflets  petiolulate,  ovate  or  subcordate,  ab- 
ruptly acuminate :  flowers  solitary,  bluish-purple,  2-3  inches  across.  In 
mountains  from  Idaho  northward,  and  eastward  to  the  Atlantic  States. 

C.  Columbiana  T.  &G.  Fl.  i.  11,  Stems  somewhat  woody:  leaves  ter- 
nate ;  leaflets  petiolulate,  ovate,  acute,  obscurely  crenulate :  flowers  solitary 
1-2  inches  broad,  pale  blue ;  sepals  ovate,  acuminate,  nearly  twice  the  length 
of  the  stamens.  Wild  Horse  Plains  Washington  to  the  Rocky  Mountams 
and  Brit.  Columbia. 

C  oehotensis  Poir.  Suppl.  ii,  298.  C,  alpina  var.  occidentalis  Gray. 
Sterna  woody,  trailing :  leaves  bitemately  divided,  with  ovate  or  oblong-lan- 
ceolate acuminate,  often  3-lobed,  iiTegulai'ly  toothed  segments :  sepals  4,  lance 
-ovate,  purplish-blue :  spatulate  and  petaloid  staminodes  few  and  usually  with 
rudiments  of  anthers,  or  none :  caipels  glabrous  with  vciy  finely  plumose 
tails  1)4  inches  long.     Washington  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  Dakota. 

Tribe  2.  Anemonese  DC.  Sepals  petaloid  or  greenish,  imbricated 
in  the  bud.  Pistils  mimeroxis,  becoming  achenes.  Ovule  suspended. 
Herbs  with  the  leaves  all  radical,  or  alternate,  or  whorled  below  1- 
several-Aowered  peduncles. 

2  ANEMONE    Tourn.  Inst.  276.  L  Gen.  n.  696.  ed.  4- 

Erect  perennial  herbs  with  lobed  or  divided  leaves  which  are 
all  radical  except  those  that  form  an  involucre  below  the  flower. 
Sepals  4-20,  colored  and  petaloid.  Petals  none.  Ovaries  num- 
erous; style  short;  stigma   lateral;  ovule  suspended.  Achenes 


10 


RANUNCULACE^. 


ANKHONB. 


compressed,  pointed,  or  ending  in  long  feathery  tails. 

§  1.  Preonathus,  DC.  Prod.  1.  17  Involucre  of  2  or  3  more  ori 
less  petiolate  and  petiolulate  leaves.  Flowers  large,  solitary.  Seii-I 
als  thin,  widely  spreading.  (^larpels  with  long  filiform  styles  that| 
become  plumose  tails  to  the  achenes. 

A.  occidentalis   WatBon    Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xi,  121.    More  or  less  silky- 
villous  throughout:  stem  stout,  6-18  inches  high:  radical  leaves  largo, I 
long-petioled,  biternate  and  pinnate;  involucral  leaves  similar,  nearly  8es' 
sile:  sepals:  6-8,  6-9  lines  long,  white,  or  purplish  at  base.  On  high  mouii-l 
tains  near  perpetual  snow,  California  to  Alaska  and  the  Rocky  Mountains.! 

§  2.  EuANEMONE  Gray  Syn.  Fl.  i,  8.  Carpels  with  short  and| 
not  plumose  styles.  Involucre  petioled.  peduncle  solitary. 

*  Style  short,  nearly  naked,  not  becoming  elongated. 

t  Carpels  numerous,  in  a  close  head-,  villous. 

A.  Urnmmondii  Watson  Eot.  Cal.  ii,  ^24,  ^ paring! v  pubescent;  stems 
slendor,  from  tufted  rootstocks,  3-16  inches  high:  raaical  leaves  on  long 
petioles,  ternate;  leaflets  deeply  3-5  lobed,  the  narrow  segments  2-3-clfft; 
involucral  leaves  similar,  nearly  sessile,  with  a  slightly  narrowed  base: 
sepalfl  5-7,  pale  blue,  4-5  lines  long,  silky-villous  outside:  style  slender, 
glabrous:  achenes  densely  villous.  On  the  highest  mountains  near  per- 
petual f  now,  Washingtonand  Oregon  to    orthern  California. 

A<  innltlitda  Poir.  I'^uppl.  i,  364.  Pomewhat  silky-villous:  stems  3-15 
inches  high:  radical  leaves  long  petioled,  nearly  semicircular  in  outline, 
ternate,  the  sessile  divisions  deeply  lobed  with  cleft  linear  segments:  invo- 
lucral leaves  similar,  shortly  petioled :  sepals  6-8,  red  or  bluish  or  whitish, 
4-6  lines  long,  villous  outside :  receptacle  oblong,  the  head  in  fruit  globular 
to  obloi  g ;  achenes  densely  woolly,  ovate-oblong,  with  a  straight  beak.  On 
high  mountains,  Oregon  to  Alaska  and  the  Eastern  states. 

A.  Telonensis  Porter  in  Britton  An.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Fci.  vi.  224.  Nearly 
1  elated  to  the  last  but  lower  and  more  slender :  leaf -segments  somewhat  broad 
er,  obtnt-ish.  giabiate :  flowers  deep  purple :  achenes  dorsally  glabrate.  Idaho 
'IVton  lounge  10,0C0  feet  J.  M.  Coulter,  and  Needlt;  Peak  of  Lost  River  Menu- 
taius,  V.  Bailey.    Robinson  in  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  t,  10. 

^_  +.  Carpels  fewer,  pubescent  but  not  villous. 

A.  deltoidea   Hook  Fl.  i,  6,  t.  3.  Ptem  simple,  slender,  6-14inches  hi^h,| 
from  long  running  root- stocks:  radical  leaves  trifoliate;  leaflets  rhomboid, 
crenate-serrate ;  involucral  leaves  rhomboid  or  rhombic-ovate,  on  very 
short  petioles,  serrate  and  sometimes  3-lobed :   sepals  about  5,  white,  oval.  [ 
4-6  lines  long,  usually  unequal:   achenes  few  globose-ovoid,  tipped  with| 
the  short  style.    Common  in  wooded  districts,  N.  California  to  Brit  Col. 

A>  Oregana  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxii,  .S08.  Fmoothish:  stem  I 
slender,  o-12  inches  high  from  a  fleshv,  very  brittle,  somewhat  running! 
root-stock:  radical  leaves  trifoliate,  the  leaflets  coarsely  serrate ;  involucral! 
leaves  long-petioled,  trifoliate,  the  terminal  leaflet  3-loDed,  the  lateral  ones  I 
usually  2-lobed,  all  coarsely  toothed  and  cut :  sepals  4-7,  oval  to  obovate, 
blue:  carpels  15-20,  oblong,  tipped  with  a  hooked  beak.  Moist  shady | 
slopes,  western  Oregon  and  Washington. 

A<  Lyallii  Britton  1.  c.  227.  A.  quinquefolia  var.  Lyallii  Robinton  I.  c.  1S.\ 
Stem  slender,  2  to 4  inches  high:  leaves  trifoliate;  leaflets  ovate  to  lanceo-l 
late,  obtuse  or  acme,  obtusely  toothed :  flowers  small,  a  third  to  half  inch  inl 
diameter,  pale  blue  or  whitish.  From  V^ancouver  Island  to  the  Will%piette| 
>'alley  and  the  Redwoods  ef  California. 


EMONB. 


}  more  or 
;ary.  Sep- 
tyles  that 

less  eilky- 
avee  largo, 

nearly  sen 
ligh  moun- 
Mountains, 

short  and 
ry. 


:ent;  stems 
fes  on  long 
f  2-3-clfft: 
wed  base: 
'le  Blender, 
I  near  per- 

items  3-15 
in  outline, 
ents :  invo- 
)r  whitish, 
it  globular 
beak.  On 

14.  Nearly 
ivbat  broad- 
ite.  Idaho 
tiver  Moan- 


iches  hi^h, 
rhomboid, 
e,  on  very 
hite,  oval, 
pped  with 
Brit  Col. 

lish:  steiu 
it  running 
involucral 
ateral  ones 
to  obovate, 
oist  shady 

ion  I.  c.  IS. 

to  lanceo- 
half  inch  in 

Willivnette 


ANKMONB. 
THAUCTRCM. 


RANUNCULACEiE. 


U 


i.  trifella  L.  Sp-  ii  540.  Involucraill.leayes  with  rare  exceptions  regular- 
ly trifoliate;  leadets  ovate-lanceolate,  rather  regularly  serrate,  large,  in  well  de- 
vi'loped  specimens  2  to  8  inches  long,  and  more  than  an  inch  wide;  radioal 
loaves  Bubsimilar,  but  sometimes  5-foliate:  peduncle  long  and  slender,  usu- 
ally more  than  2  inches  in  length:  flowers  large,  16  to  16  lines  in  diameter: 
mpals  white  or  pinkish :  carpels  in  a  globnlai-  head.  Idi^o,  Sandberg,  to  the 
Atlantic  States  and  Europe . 

§  3.  Omalocarpus  DC.  Style  short,  not  plumose.  Mature  ach- 
(Mies  smooth,  orbicular,  much  compressed,  wing- margined.  Invo- 
lucre sessile,  palmately  parted  or  cleft.  Peduncles  1-several. 

At  naroisslflora  L.  Sp.  i,  542.  Villous :  radical  leaves  palmately  3-6- 
parted;  segments  cuneiform,  incisely  many-cleft  into  linear  lobes:  involu- 
cral leaves  similar,  3-5-cleft,  sessile :  peduncles  several,  umbelled,  liiafless : 
sepals  white :  carpels  roundish-oval,  much  compressed.  Alpine :  Idaho  to 
Alaska  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

3  THALICTRUM  Tourn.  Inst.  270.  L.  Gen.  n.  597. 

Tall,  usually  smooth  perennial  herbs  with  2-  or  3-ternately 
compound  leaves  and  dictciousor  polygamous  flowers  in  panicles. 
Sepals  4-8,  white  or  greenish,  petaloid.  Petals  none.  Stamens 
several ;  with  linear  anthers  on  rather  long  almost  capillary  fila- 
ments. Pistils  few-several,  becoming  ribbed  or  veined  achenes 
that  are  tipped  with  the  persistent  style. 

T.  sparsillornin  Tore*,  in  B).  «fc  M.  Ind.  Sem.  ii.40.  Stenaifirm,  erect,  1- 
6  feet  high,  with  ascending  branches :  leaves  3-ternate,  ample,  the  lo^.'est 
petioled ;  leaflets  approximate,  short-petioled,  thinnish,  round-  or  spatulate- 
oblong,  3-15  lines  lone,  slightly  cordate  at  base,  divided  above  into  3 obtuse 
or  short-acuminate  lobes  that  are  again  incised :  flowers  perfect,  not  large, 
erect  or  soon  nodding  on  slender  pedicels  in  a  short,  branched,  leafy  pani- 
cle: sepals  obovate,  whitish,  soon  reflexed:  stamens  10-26,  the  short  ex- 
serted  filaments  widened  to  the  pointless  elliptical  anthers :  achenes  0-15, 
short-stipitate,  obliquely  obovate,  with  4  or  5  low,  often  forked  nerves  on 
each  side.    From  the  mountains  of  California  to  Alaska  and  Colorado. 

T>  polycarpum  Watson  Bot.  Cal.  ii,  424.  Stout,  3-8  feet  high,  glab- 
rous: leaves  with  short  petioles  or  the  upper  sessile;  leaflets  variable,  3-12 
lines  long,  3-lobed  with  acute  or  acuminate  lobes :  panicle  narrow :  flowers 
dioecious ;  the  staminate  usually  crowded,  on  short  pedicels ;  anthers  acute, 
on  very  slender  filaments :  fruit  in  dense  heads ;  achenes  compressed,  3-6 
lines  long,  on  a  short  stipe,  obovoid,  turgid,  tapering  into  a  reflexed  beak 
their  thin  walls  with  free,  or  anastomosing  low  veins :  seed  slender,  terete, 

2  lines  long.    Along  small  streams  from  the  Columbia  river  to  California. 

T.  Fendleri  Engelm.  in  Gray  PI.  Fendl.  5.    Stems  1-3  feet  high,  with 

3  to 5  cauline  loaves,  the  lower  ones  petioled;  the  stalked  remote  leaflets  often 
deeply  cordate  with  t'jree  divergent  lobes,  the  central  or  all  of  them  again 
lobed,  their  divisions  rounded  or  mucronate-pointetl :  flowers  dioecious;  stamens 
numerous;  anthers  linear,  1  ~2  lines  long,  mucronate;akene8few  to  numerous 
In  the  heads,  substipitate,  2-3  lines  long,  obliquely  oval  or  with  the  dorsal  su- 
ture  straightidh,  thin-walled,  flattened,  with  8  to  10  prominent  nearly  pai*allel 
ribs  the  median  heaviest,  not  filled  by  the  oblong  or  linear  seed.  From  the 
Siskiyou  mountains,  insoutbera  Oregon,  to  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  the 
Rocky  Mountains. 

T.  Tennlosam  Trelease  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  xxiii,  302.  Glabrous  and  glau- 
cons.  the  stem,  petioles  and  sepals  purple-tinted,  the  foliage  typically  pale 
Qr  whitened:  stem  simple,  erect,  7-20  inches  high:  stem  leaves 2 or 3,  long 


12 


RANUNCULACEiE. 


THALICriRDM. 
MY08URUB. 


;t 


petioled,  3-4-ternate ;  leaflets  approximate,  petiolulate,  moderately  flrm, 
rounded  and  lobed  at  the  apex,  rusose-veiny  beneath :  panicle  simple,  nar- 
row, its  short  erect  branches  few-flowered :  flowers  dioecioiis,  small ;  sepals 
ovate :  stamens  10-20,  on  slender  fllaments ;  anthers  oblong,  slender-pomi  ■ 
ed :  achenes  about  8,  nearly  sessile,  2  lines  long,  ovoid,  tapering  mto  a  I 
straight  beak,  thick-walled,  2-edged.  with  4  or  6  longitudinal  grooves  and 
rounded  ridges  on  each  side:  Bced  ovoid,  pointed  at  one  end,  fllling  the 
achene.    Klickitat  Co,  Washingt«)n  to  Brit,  Columbia  and  Wyoming. 

T.  oeddentale  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  viii,  372.  Stem  slender,  1-3  feet  I 
high ;  leaves  2-4-ternate,  the  lowermost  petioled ;  leaflets  thin,  8-10  lines  | 
long,  3-9-lobed  at  the  summit,  sparingly  glandular-puberulent  beneath  : 
flowers  dioecious,  rarely  polygamous,  nodding,  on  very  slender  pedicels,  in 
an  ample  open  panicle:  hiaments  purplish,  slender;  anthers  linear,  cuspi- 
'  date:  achenes  1-10  in  each  head,  lanceolate  or  somewhat  falcate,  4-7  lines 
long,  tapering  below  into  a  short  stipe,  and  above  into  a  long'one-sideil 
curved  beak,  acutely  8-10  ribbed.  Along  streams,  and  moist  shady  places, 
Brit.  Columbia  to  California,  west  of  the  Cascade  Mountains. 

4  MYOSURUS  Dillenius  Giess.  106,  t.  4.  L.  Gen-  n.  394. 

Little  annuals  with  linear  or  linear-gpatulate  entire  leaves,  and 
solitary  flowers  on  simple  scapes.  Sepals  5  or  6,  spurred  at  has*!. 
Petals  as  many  as  sepals,  on  long  claws,  with  a  pit  at  the  summit. 
Stamens  6-20.  Achenes  with  a  prominent  costa  terminating  in  an 
erect  or  niore  or  less  spreading  beak,  numerous  on  a  slender  or 
conical  receptacle.  Ovule  suspended. 

M.  minim V8  L.  ^p.  i,  284.    Leaver  linear :  scapes  1-4  inches  high,  about  | 
equaling  the  leaves ;  receptacle  in  /ruit  an  inch  or  more  high :  adhenes 
quadrate  with  a  broad  bacK,  truncute  at  the  apex ;  beak  short,  appressed : 
seed  oval.    In  wet  places,  Willa    ette  valley  to  California  and  the  Atlantic  | 
States  and  Europe. 

M.  apetalV8  Gay  Hist.  Chil.  Bot.  i,  31,  t.  1,  flg.  1.  Scapes  1-2  inches  I 
high,  usually  spreading,  but  little  surpassing  the  linear  leaves ;  petals  often 
wanting :  spike  9f  achenes  8-10  lines  long,  ovoid-oblong  and  more  or  less 
squarose,  or  cylindrical :  achenes  oblong,  thin-walled,  with  narrow,  prom- 
inently carinate  back  prolonged  into  a  spreading  or  ascending  beak :  seed 
oblong.  In  alkaline  places,  California  to  Brit,  Columbia  east  of  the  Cascade  | 
Mountains :  also  Chui. 

M.  lepturus.  M.  apetalus  var.  lepturus,  Gray,  Bull.  Torr.  Club,  xiii,  2. 
Scapes  in  fruit  3-6  inches  high,  erect,  surpassing  the  linear-spatulate  leaves : 
receptacle  in  fruit  8-24  lines  high :  achenes  with  broad,  distinctly  carinate 
back,  and  short,  appressed  beak :  seed  elongated-oblong.  Common  in  wet  I 
places,  from  California  to  Brit.  Columbia  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

M.  sessilis  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xvii,  362.     Scapes  very  short  or| 
none :  fruiting  heads  several,  crowded,  much  shorter  than  the  leaves :  re<'- 
eptacle  short  and  thick,  often  sessile,  1-6  lines  long  by  1-2  lines  thick  at  | 
base ;  achenes  oval,  scarious^utricular,  with  narrow  salient  keel,  and  subu- 
late, erect  beak :  seed  short-oval.    A  rare  species,  the  only  locality  known,  | 
l)eing  an  alkaline  flat  seven  miles  south  of  Arlington  Oregon. 

Tribe  S.  Ranunculese,  DC.  Sepals  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Pistils  I 
numerons,  rarely  few,  1-ovuled,  becoming  achenes.  Ovule  ascending.] 
Herbs  with  alternate  cauline  leaves 

6  TRAUTVETTERIA  Fischer  &  Meyer  Ind.  Sem.  1835,  22. 

Herbs  with  palmately  lobed  alternate  leaves,  and  small  flowers  | 
in  terminal  corymbose  panicles.   Sepals  usually  4,  concave,  petal- 


[RCM. 
URUB. 

tely  firm,  I 
iple,  nai  - 
11 ;  se^U  I 
ler-poinl- 
ng  into  a 
loves  ami  | 
illing  tht! 
ing. 

r,  1-3  feet 
8-10  lines 
beneath : 
sdicels,  in 
lar,  cuspi- 
,  4-7  lines 
one-fiided 
dy  places, 

k 

ives,  and 
i  at  baeti. 
summit, 
ing  in  an 
ender  or  I 


mnvtTVKTTERIA 
TRACHIVM. 


RANUNCULACEi*:. 


St 


|()i(l.  Petals  none.  Pistils  numerous,  capitate,  becoming  inflated, 
ingled  membranaceous  achenes. 

T.  frandls  Nutt.  in  T.  AG.  Fl.  i,  37.    Stem  slender,  1-3  feet  high: 

eaves  few,  thin,  radical  long-petioled,  cauline  short-petioled,  all  deeply  6- 

l/-lubed  with  irregularly  laciniate-toothed,  acuminate  lobes;  f.jwers  white: 

Hellenes  a  little  more  than  a  line  long,  broadly  gibbous  at  Itase,  rather  abr- 

[ui'tly  beaked  by  the  slender  revolute  stjtle.    Along  streams  in  the  Cascade 

Iduntains  from  California  to  Brit.  Columbia. 

6  BATRACHIUM  S.  F.  Gray  Brit.  PI.  ii,  720. 
Aquatic  herbs  with  the  submersed  leaves  if  any  finely  dissected 
into  capillary  divisions,  feepals  5,  plain.  Petals  white  with  yel- 
low base,  and  a  naked  nectariferous  spot  on  the  claw  of  each.  A- 
clienes  transversely  wrinkled  on  the  sides.  Peduncles  solitary, 
)pposite  the  leaves. 

B.  aquatile  Du  Mortier  Bull.  Bot.  Soc.  Belg.  ii,  207.  Ranuncvlus  aqu- 
itili»  L,  Glabrous:  stems  6-20  inches  long:  floating  leaves round-reniform, 
"-9  lines  in  diameter,  3-5-lobed.  the  lobes  coarsely  crenate-toothed :  pedun- 
bles  thicker  than  the  petioles,  8-10  lines  long,  spreading  or  recurved  in  fruit : 
sepals  deciduous:  flowers  white,  5-10  lines  in  diameter:  style  subulate, 
pot  longer  than  the  ovary,  in'crorsely  stigmatic :  receptacle  hairy :  achenes 
feticulated,  short-beaked.  In  ponds  and  shallow  streams,  California  to 
Vlaska,  Europe  and  Asia, 

B.  triohophyllnm  Bosch  Prodr.  Fl.  Bat.  5.  Ranunculus  aqiiatilis  var. 

\richophyllu8  Gray.     Am  jal:  stems  coarsely  filiform,   2.-20  inches  long: 

leaves  all  submersed,  rouiid-reniform  in  outline,  cut  into  numerous  capillary 

egments  which  are  4-10  lines  long,  short-petioled :  peduncles  1-2  inches 

Dng,  longer  than  the  petioles :  flowers  3-5  lines  in  diameter :  style  subulate, 

(horter  than  the  ovary  introrsely  stigmatic:   receptacle  hairy;  achenes 

everal,  in  a  close  globular  head,  glabrous  obliquely  oblong.    In  ponda  and 

litches:  Oregon  and  Washington  and  across  the  continent. 

B.  Lobbii.  Ranunculus  Lobbii  Gray.  Glabrous  annual :  stems  6-12  inch- 
Is  long :  leaves  commonly  all  floating,  3-9  lines  wide,  truncate  or  cordate 
It  base,  deeply  3-lobed,  middle  lobe  usually  elliptical  and  entire,  the  later- 
al ones  usually  oblong  and  with  a  broad  notch  in  the  apex ;  submersed 
eaves  none  or  rudimentary;  peduncles  opposite  the  upper  leaves,  thicker 
ban  the  patioles  6-8  lines  long :  sepals  a  line  long,  persistent :  petals  2  lines 
9ng,  obovtf to-oblong :  stamens  5-9:  style  long  Kud  filiform,  with  a  small 
erminal  stigma :  receptacle  glabrous :  achenes  4-6,  finely  rugose,  obovate, 
jbout  a  line  long,  embraced  by  the  persistent  calyx.  In  pools  that  go 
|ry  in  summer,  Oregon  and  California. 

7  RANUNCULUS   Tourn.  Inst.  286.  L.  Gen.  n.  699. 

Herbs  with  alternate,  entire  or  variously  lobed  leaves,  and  sol- 
iry  or  scattered  flowers.    Sepals  5,  plain,  commonly  colored 

id  reflexed.  Petals  l-lo,  usually  broad  and  conspicuous,  with  a 
lall  pit  or  spot  covered  by  a  t rale,  on  the  claw  inside.  Achenes 

Bually  numerous,  in  a  globose  to  oblong  head,  usually  flattened, 

id  beaked  with  the  persistent  style,  not  transversely  rugose  on 

lie  sides.   Ovule  ascending. 

§  1  Halodes  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxi,  366.     Mature  carpels 
22.  Biin-walled  and  utricular,  compressed,  striate  with  several  simple 

11  flowers  V  sparingly  branched  nerves.   Petals  yellow  with  a  nectariferous 
ve  petal-  m^^^  near  the  base,  deciduous  with  the  sepals. 


igh.  about 
:  acihenes  | 
oppressed : 
e  Atlantic 

-2  inches  I 
etals  often 
ore  or  less 
ow,  prom- 
)eak :  seed 
le  Cascade  | 

ub,  xiii,  2. 
ite  leaves : 
carinate  I 
ion  in  wet  | 
ins. 

short  or  I 
a-ves:  rec- 
es  thick  &t  | 
and  subu- 
ty  known,  I 

d.  Pi»iil»\ 
acending.  \ 


'S 


14 


RANUNCULACE^. 


RANONCOLDB. 


RANUNCULUI 


B.  CymbnUiiA  Pursh  FI.  ii,  302.  Flowering  gtems  3-6  inthea  long,  1- 
7-MOwered :  leaves  broadly  ovate  or  ovatp-cordate,  coarsely  crenate,  cluBter- 
ed  at  the  base  and  joints  of  the  long  flliform  rooting  runners :  petals  yellow,! 

2  lines  long,  longer  than  the  sepals :  mature  achenes  a  line  long,  striattt- 1 
veined  on  tlie  sides,  apex  blunt,  with  a  short  oblique  beak:  heads  oblong, I 
2-6  lines  long.  In  wet  saline  places ;  California  to  Alaska  and  the  Atlantic  | 
States. 

§  2  EuRANUNciiLUs  Gray  1.  c.  Mature  carpels  crustaceous  orl 
firm-coriaceous,  the  sides  nerveless.  Petals  usually  j'ellow,  with  a| 
nectariferous  spot  or  pit  and  scale  near  the  base. 

*  Amphibious,  the  submersed  leaves  cut  into  numerous  filiform  di- 
visions: petals  yellow,  with  a  broad  scale  at  the  base:  achenes  with  a 
broad  white  caruncle. 

B.  delphlnifollns  Torr.  in  Eat.  Man.  ed.  4,424.  ?  Glabrous:  annual: 
stems  floating,  a  foot  or  two  long :  submersed  leaves  dissected  into  several- 
times  forked  capillary  divisions ;  emersed  leaved  round  or  reniform,  vari- 
ously lobed  or  cleft :  peduncles  stout,  2  inches  or  more  long :  petals  6-8,  4-0 
lines  long,  much  longer  than  the  sepals;  scale  ^  as  long  as  its  petal,  inrol- 
led  and  its  edges  joined  together  for  half  its  length :  achenes  strongly 
margined ,  and  pointed  with  a  stout  curved  beak.  In  ponds  that  are  dry 
art  of  each  year.  Western  Oregon  and  Whshington. 

R.  llmosns  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  20.  Subaquatic,  soft-villous,  procumbent: 
leaves  reniform,  palmately  5-cleft,  the  segments  2-3-toothed  or  somewhat 
lobed,  the  divisions  blunt,  short  and  shallow;  stems  l-2-flowe»'ed  :   petals 

3  lines  long,  rounded,  longer  than  the  sepals:  achenes  small,  scarcely  keel- 
ed, with  a  short,  hearly  straight,  subulate  beak.  Margins  of  brackish  lakes, 
plains  of  Idaho  and  Utah. 

♦  *  Subaquatic,  with  entire  or  merely  denticulate  or  crenulate,  peti- 
oled  leaves;  petals  6  or  more ;  achenes  in  a  globular  head,  subulate- 
beaked. 

B.  reptans  L.  Sp.  549.  R.  Flammula  vnr.  reptam  Meyer  PL  Lab.  96.1 
Stems  filiform,  creeping  and  rooting  at  the  joints,  4-12  inches  loi.g:  leavesl 
lanceolate  to  linear,  acute  at  both  ends,  glabrous,  entire:  flowers  2-5  linesl 
wide ;  petals  obovate :  achenes  V)arely  a  line  long,  roundish -ovate,  tipptidl 
with  a  slender  curvedbeak.  Common  in  wet  plades,  Oregon  to  Alaska,  New| 
York  and  Canada. 

B.  microlouchvs  Greene  Eyth.  iii,  122.  Perennial,  the  rather  li'rgel 
cluster  of  fleshy-fibroup  roots  supporting  a  tuft  of  erect  lanceolate  leaves! 
and  a  single  slender  tortuous,  often  partly  reclining,  leafy  and  few-flowered  I 
stem  :  leaves  all  entire,  acute  at  botn  ends,  the  radical  1-2  inches  long,  onl 
slender  petioles  as  long,  narrowly  lanceolate,  nearly  glabrous  above,  but! 
rather  densely  appressed-pubescent  beneath ;  cauline  few,  relatively  some- [ 
what  broader,  with  short  petioles  or  subsessile:  flowers  1-several,  yellow, 

4  lines  broad :  sepals  spreading :  petals  5-8,  obovate,  obtuse ;  achenes  few, 
in  a  depressed-globose  nead,  obliquely  obovoid,  slightly  narrowed  at  base, 
tipped  with  a  short, stout  blunt  style,  moderately  compressed,  marginleH8,| 
smooth  and  glabrous.    Collected  by  E.  L.  Greene  in  N.  Idaho,  Aug.  188fl. 

B.  Unalaschcensls  Bess,  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross,  i,  32.  R.  Flammula  var.l 
intermedins  Hook.  Fl.  i,  11.  Stems  decumbent  and  creeping,  4-l'4  inchesi 
long  leaves  all  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  entire  or  nearly  so,  1-21 
inches  long,  tapering  below  into  the  petiole :  petals  obovate,  2-3  lines  long;! 
achenes  roundish -ovate,  with  a  short  oblique  beak,  in  small  globular  headsj 
In  wet  places,  Idaho  to  Alaska. 

B.  samplifolias  Greene  Pitt,  iii,  13.  Stems  several  from  a  perenniall 
root,  weak,  somewhat  flexuous  and  half  reclining,  6-10  inches  long,  leiifj| 
throughout,  simple  and  1-flowered  or  branched  and  several-flowered :  her- 


RANUNCULC8. 


RANUNCULACEiE. 


» 


ba^e  light  green,  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  leaves  all  entire,  obtuse,  radical 
loiifS  oblanceolate,  long-petioled,  2-4  inches  long;  cuuline  lanceolate  to 
lohovoid  or  oval,  the  upper  ones  with  very  short  dilated  and  thin  sheath- 
like petioles:  sepals  roundish,  spreading,  thin:  petals  5-8,  broadly  obovate, 
1 2-H  lines  long,  golden  yellow :  achenes  obovate,  moderately  compressed, 
lolmcurely  margined,  obliquely  tipped  with  a  short  style.  Very  common  in 
Iwi't  places  in  the  Willamette  valley,  and  from  W.  Washington  to  the  Sier- 
Ifii  Nevada  Mountains  in  California. 

R.  Gormani  Greene  Pitt,  iii,  91.  Stems  several,  from  a  fascicle  of  per- 
iciinial,  thick  but  slenderly  tapering  fleshy-fibrous  roots,  simple,  prostrate 
lilt  )>a8e,  rooting  and  beanng  leaves  at  2-3  nodes,  the  terminal  part  naked, 
liiflcending  and  scapiform,  bearing  a  solitary  small  flower :  leaves  broadly 
loviite  or  deltoid-ovate,  acute,  coarsely  few-toothed,  6-9  lines  long,  glabrous, 
lull  almost  filiform  somewhat  pilose-hairy  petioles  1-3  inches  long:  petals  5, 
|uhlong,  obtuse,  twice  the  length  of  the  spreading  sepals:  achenes  small, 
glabrous,  moderately  compressed,  with  a  slender  curved  beak  as  long  as 
Itlio  body.  Collected  by  Mr.  M.  W.  Gorman  on  wet  banks  at  Cathedral 
{Springs,  Crater  Lake,  southern  Oregon,  Aug.  22nd,  1896. 

R.  alismellns  Greene  Fl.  Fr.  2;)7.     R.  alism>efolim  var.  alismellnx  Gray. 
I  ilabrous ;  stems  slender  2-12  inches  long :  radical  leaves  ovate  or  elliptical 
Ito  oblong  or  cordate,  (5-15  lines  long,  o;.  long  slender  petioles ;  cauline  1-2 
•or  none,  narrower,  subsessile:  flowers  solitary,  4-7  lines  broad,  on  long 
plcnder  peduncles:  achenes  few,  the  mature  ones  unknown.    In  wet  mead- 
ows on  tne  highest  mountains,  Washington  to  California. 

R.  Popnlago  Greene  Eryth.  iii,  in.  R.  Cimckii  Jones  Pntc .  Ca  I.Acad. 
t>eu>  series  r .  616 .  Stem  solitary,  from  a  fascicle  of  fibrous  roots,  erect, 
|e»fy,  the  whole  plant  flaccid  and  glabrous,  6-10  inches  high :  leaves  tliin- 
lembranaceous,  from  round-reniform  to  cordate-ovate,  obtuse,  entire  or 
ttbscurely  crenate,  long  petioled;  the  cauline  smaller,  ovate  and  ovatc-lanceo- 
Jate,  sessile:  peduncles  many,  slender,  longer  than  the  cauline  leaves  to 
vhich  they  are  axillary :  flowers  yellow,  4  lines  broad :  petals  5-6.  obovate- 
pbloDg:  heads  of  rather  numerous  thick  bhort-pointed  acthenes  itmall,  glo- 
'  ase  or  depressed-globose.     Mountains  of  eastern  Oregon  and  Idaho. 

R.  Bolanderi  Greene,  Bull.  Calif.  Acad,  ii,  58.  Glabrous  throughout 
br  the  peduncles  and  calyx  pubescent :  stem  stout,  erect,  1-3  feet  high : 
leaves  lanceolate,  sparingly  callous-tlenticulate,  obtuse,  the  lower  ones  with 
Blade  4-6  inches  long  on  petioles  5-12  inches  long,  the  cauline  ones  few 
^nd  short-petioled  or  subsessile ;  petals  broadly  obovate  3-5  lines  long,  twice 
88  long  as  the  rounded  spreading  sepals ;  scales  minute:  achenes  smooth, 
JiKxlerately  compressed,  pointed  with  a  slender  beak,  crowded  in  a  com- 
pact ovoid  head.    In  wet  places,  AVillamette  valley  to  northern  California. 

*  *  *  Terrestrial  species  with  at  least  some  lobed  or  divided  leaves, 
and  no  stoloniferous  rooting  or  creeping  stems  except  in  R.  repens. 

-!-  Radical  leaves  few,  only  lobed :  achenes  turgid  and  dorsally  roun- 
ded, in  a  globose  head. 

.  R.  glaberrimns  Hook.  Fl.  i,  12,  t.  5,  Fig.  A.  Glabrous :  stems  weak, 
l-()  inches  long,  erect  or  decumbent:  leaves  all  petioled,  radical  broadly 
Ival,  rounded  and  coarsely  toothed  or  lobed  at  tne  apex;  cauline  subcu- 
beate,  trifid  or  entire:  petals  5,  obovoid,  4-6  lines  long,  twice  the  length 
W  the  oval  spreading  sepals:  achenes  plump,  puberulent,  slender-beaked, 
Y  large  globose  heads.  In  wet  places,  eastern  Washington  and  north- 
kurd:  flowering  in  very  early  spring. 

B.  elltpticns  Greene  Pitt,  ii,  110.  Verjr  glabrous:  stems  several,  2-3 
aches  high,  from  a  large  fascicle  of  perennial  fleshy-fibrous  roots:  radical 
Jeaves  elliptical,  entire,  acutish  at  both  ends,  the  petiole  equaling  the  blade ; 
Ihe  cauline  narrower,  often  cleft  into  2-3  linear  divisions :  petals  often  wan- 
|ing,  sometimes  1  only,  or  5,  large,  broadly  obovate  or  more  rounded,  bright 


! 

1  i 

i  i 


w 


KANUNCULACEifi. 


RANUNCUL.ua. 


yj'llow:  jH^lu'npB  numerouB.  in  a  largo  f(lol)OHo  IhwI,  plump,  flmooth,  tijii 
e<i  with  a  Hiiort  (Mirvo<l  Itealc:  tHvlunclofl  ri'curvintc  in  fruit  until  the  Iwn'U 
rt'Ht  on  tlu>  grounil.    In  wet  ptacen  from  the  Blue  MuuntainH  nf  Oregon  t 
oaHtern  Caiiforniu  and  the  Rocky  Mountainn. 

R.  diprltatUH  Hook.  Kew  Miftc.  iii,  124,  t.  4.  Ia'hh  than  a  npan  high  from 
a  clUHter  of  NJiort  and  downwardly  tulMM-ouH-tliickcned  rootH;  glaln'oiis:  leave 
few,  p«tloled,  entire  and  lanceolate,  or  digitately  or  Hoin^wliat  poilately  lolxd 
the  3  to  n  fleginentfl  narrowly  lanceolate  or  oblong-Hpatulate.  obtuse:  flowers) 
or  H,  terminal.  !i  to  10  lineR  in  diameter,  with  S  to  11  oblong-Bpatnlate  petalo 
fruit  Bubgloboflo,  akenes  beaked  with  the  Hubulate  recurred  Btyle.  Mountain) 
of  Houtheru  Idaho   Nevada,  Utah,  and  Wyoming, 

•♦-  •♦-  I^'aves  all  2-4-ternately  parted  or  divided  into  numerous  nar- 
row (livisionH:  achencH  turgid,  Huhulate-i)eake<l,  dorHally  marginleHH, 
Nmw)th  or  nearly  80.  Low  perennials  with  fibrous-fascicled  roots. 

K.  trlternatns  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxi,  370.  Stems  ascending,  'i-i 
inchen  l<»ng:  leaves  usually  triternately  divided  and  parted  ;  primary  divi 
ions  petiolulate,  lobes  filiform-linear  to  linear-spatufate,  obtuse :  inflonx. 
cence  secund :  peduncles  stout,  2  inches  long,  at  length  recurved  and  tlie 
heiids  resting  on  the  ground :  petals  brotttlly  obovate,  4-6  lines  lonjj 
achenesvery  turgid,  rounded  on  the  back,  slender-beaked,  the  head  glo. 
bose  with  a  thick  globular  receptacle.  Klickitat  Co.  Washington,  on  the 
highest  hills  opposite  the  Dalies;  flowering  in  very  early  spring. 

R.  eximlus  (Jreene  Eryth.  iii,  1ft.  Radical  leaves  very  few,  often  only 
one,  on  sh'>rt  stout  petioles  l~'i  inches  long,  the  blade  of  cuneate-obovatu 
Qr  almost  flabelliform  outline  deeply  about  7-lobed  at  the  broad  summit 
otherwise  entire:  upper  cauline  leaves  sessile,  broadly  cuneiform,  an  incli 
lon^,  cleft  to  the  middle  into  about  5  lanceolate  or  broadly  linear  lobeH: 
pt^nphery  of  the  expanded  large  corolla  quite  circular  by  the  overlapping 
of  the  numerous  broadly  obovate  or  almost  obcordate  vellow  petals.  Al- 
pine or  subalpine,  Idaho  and  Wyoming  to  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

•*-•*-■*-  Leaves  mostly  cleft  or  more  divided,  some  radical  ones  un- 
divided but  at  least  crenate  or  dentate :  achenes  turgid  or  lenticular, 
marginless:  high  mountain  perennials  with  rather  large  flowers. 

R.  SnkKdorfll  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxi,  371.  Glabrous:  stems  4-lfl 
inches  high  from  a  fascicle  of  fleshy-fibrous  roots,  1-3-flowered ;  leaves  small, 
somewhat  reniform,  3-^-cleft  or  parted,  divisions  of  the  radical  ones  3-5- 
cleftorinciscd,of  the  cauline  linear;  petals  round-obovate,  retuse,  4-6  lines 
long,  deep  yellow :  achenes  glabrous,  turgid-lenticular,  acutish-edged,  tipp- 
ed with  an  almost  filiform  long  style.  In  damp  ground  on  Mount  Adams, 
Washington  at  6000  to  7800  feet  elevation. 

R.  Eschscholtsil  Schlecht.  Animad.  Ranunc.  ii,  16,  t,  1.  Stems  ascen- 
ding, 6-12  inches  long,  l-.3-flowered :  leaves  roundish  in  outline ;  radical  all 
3-5-i)arted  or  deeply  cleft,  and  their  obovate  or  cuneate  divisions  mostly 
lobed  or  incised ;  cauline  similar  or  with  oblong  to  spatulate  or  lanceolate 
and  often  entire  divisions :  petals  3-6  lines  long :  achenes  glabrous,  with 
slender-subulate  and  mostly  straight  style  of  more  than  halt  their  length ; 
heads  oblong.  Alpine,  in  the  Cascade  Mountains  to  Alaska  and  tlie 
Rocky  Mountains. 

R.  cardlophyllns  Hook.  Fl.  i,  14,  t.  5.  Hirsutely  pubescent:  stems 
robust,  10-12 inches  high:  radical  leaves  round-cordate,  coarsely  crenate  to 
3-7-cleft;  cauline  nearly  sessile,  palmately  many-cleft,  the  linear  lobes 
incisely  crenate :  petals  golden  yellow,  broadly  oval,  very  obtuse,  twice  as 
long  as  the  spreading  sepals :  achenes  small,  roundish,  tipped  with  a  long 
ho(^ed  style.  On  high  mountains,  Oregon  to  Alaska,  Canada  and  the 
Boi'ky  Mountains. 

•*-  -4-  •«-  ■•-  Slender-rooted  annual,  with  small  flowers  and  achenes. 


'<  , 


MANVNCm, 

R.  cremog 

the  we$tem  pi 
high,  Bpariti 
herbage  light 
lobes  obtuse  1] 
lietals  light  y( 
tene<l,  with  vi 
(ivoid  recepta* 
to  Brit.  Colur 

usually  flat 
alpine. 

**  Radica 
only  6 :  acht 

=  Style  1 
elongated  b 

1  Perer 

R.  occlden 

Htems  rather 
leaves  orbicul 
coarsely  toot 
into  3-5  linea 
the  reflexed  s 
beak  nearly  i 
places,  Orego: 

R.  Elsenl 

slender,  at  li 
small,  not  coi 
form  lobes  of 
twice  as  long  I 
ed  and  thin,  | 
mountains  of 

R.  Rattanl 

More  or  less 
widely  brand 
at  base,  the 
lines  long,  re 
becoming  roi 
hairs.  Dry  g 
R.  Howelll 
R.canusHow 
hgih,  widely 
or  -parted,  tl 
long  appresse 
soonrenexed 
achenes  rath 
almost  straig 
extending  to 

R.  cillosni 

spreading  ha 
roots,  erect  o 
late  segment 
segments  enl 
ovate,  acutisi 
lines  long :  y 
a  long  subuh 
in  Bear  Valk 


CTJLUa. 

M)th,  ti|>|J 
the  hi>H>l| 
Oregon  t(i 

high  froiiil 
oiib:  leavi'J 
atiily  lolii'( 

flowei>  tl 
ate  petaUl 
Mountainil 

oufl  nar- 
rginleflH, 

»tH. 

Hiding,  2-f) 
mary  divi 
r.  inflorci^ 
id  and  tlic 
inea  lon^ 
head  »!•>• 
an,  on  tlu- 

often  only 
te-obovHt't 
1  Bummit 
n,  an  incli 
lear  loben 
verlappifiK 
etals.    A I 

B. 

ones  un- 
nticular, 
ivers. 

stems  4-10 
Eives  small, 
I  ones  3-5' 
!,  4-6  lines 
iged,  tipp- 
nt  Adams, 

sms  ascen- 
radical  all 
ms  mostly 
lanceolate 
roue,  with 
iir  lengtli ; 
I  and  tlie 

nt:  stems 
crenate  to 
>ear  lobes 
I,  twice  as 
ith  a  long 
El  and  the 

henes. 


RAltVNCVI.VS. 


ranunculacea:. 


17 


B*  crcMOfenei  Greene  Eryth,  iv,  121.  Ji.  Hcekra'ua  of  auth<tr»  at  to 
the  v>e$tem  plnnt.  Ulabrous:  stem  erect,  stout  und  tiBtulous,  rt-.SO  inches 
high,  sparine  leafy,  simple  below,  loosely  coryDi>>08e-i)aniculate  al>ove, 
lierbage  light  tureen ;  lower  leaves  round-reniform,  il<'i'|'v  2-ft-lol)ed,  the 
lobes  obtusely-toothed  al)Ove;  upper  leaves  mori'  <lceplv  und  imrrowly  cut: 
lietals  light  yellow,  surpassing  tne  senalti:  achencH  numerous,  smooth,  flat- 
tene<i,  with  very  short  oeak,  crowded  in  a  hI  ort-oblong  licad:  the  oblong- 
ovoid  receptacle  much  inflated.  Wet  springy  places,  northern  ('alifornla 
to  Brit.  Columbia  and  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  ea«t  of  the  Cascade  Mts. 

•♦-■♦--»--•-■•-  Leaves  variously  cleft  or  divided :  at-henes  compressed, 
usually  flat,  surrounded  by  a  firm  or  indurated  margin :  none  truly 
alpine. 

■**  Radical  leaves  not  divided  into  separate  leaflets :  petals  usually 
only  5:  achenes  smooth  or  barely  pubescent,  in  glolmse  or  oblong  heads. 

■=  Style  long,  recurving,  wholly  persistent  in  a  rigid  and  uncinate, 
elongated  beak. 

1  Perennials  with  erect  stems  from  somewhat  fleshy-fibrous  roots. 

R.  occidentiilis  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  22.  Pilose  with  spreading  hairs: 
stems  rather  slender,  10-18  inches  high,  at  length  much  branched :  ra<lical 
leaves  orbicular,  subcordate,  more  or  less  deeply  3-lobed,  or  3-parted,  and 
coarsely  toothed,  an  inch  or  less  in  diameter ;  cauline  leaves  deeply  cut 
into  3-6  linear  lobes :  petals  obovate-oblong,  3-7  lines  long,  twice  as  long  as 
the  reflexed  sepals :  achenes  smooth  or  nearly  so,  flat,  a  line  in  diameter ; 
beak  nearly  as  long  as  the  body;  heads  globose.  Common  in  dry  open 
places,  Oregon  to  Alaska  and  the  Rocky  Mountains, 

B.  Eisenl  Kellogg  Proc.  Cal.  Acad,  vii,  115.  Sparingly  villous :  stems 
slender,  at  length  widely  branched  above,  1-2  feet  high :  leaves  rather 
small,  not  cordate  at  base,  palmately  3-lobed  or  3-parted,  the  broad  cunei- 
form lobes  of  the  radical  ones  trifid :  petals  obovate-oblong,  3-6  lines  long, 
twice  as  long  as  the  reflexed  sepals:  achenes  broad  and  rounded,  compress- 
ed and  thin,  glabrous,  tipped  with  a  short  recurved  beak.  In  dry  ground, 
mountains  of  southern  Oregon  to  middle  California. 

B.  Battani.  R. occidentalis  var.  Rattani  Oray  Proc.  Am.  Acnd.  rxi,  S72. 
More  or  less  villous  with  long  white  hairs:  stem  Blender,  1-2  feet  high, 
widely  branching  above :  leaves  palmately  3-parted  or  3-lobed,  not  cordate 
at  base,  the  broad  cuneiform  lobes  of  the  radical  ones  trifid :  sepals  2-3 
lines  long,  reflexed ;  petals  obovate-oblong,  4-6  lines  long  or  more :  achenes 
becoming  roughish-papillose,  and  sparsely  or  thickly  beset  with  short 
hairs.    Dry  ground,  southern  Oregon  and  northern  California. 

B.  Howellll  Greene  ms.  R  occidentalis  var.  Howellii  Greene  Pitt.  Hi.  U- 
R.  canus  Howell  P.  C.  PI.  No.  1331.  not  Benth.  Stems  slender,  smooth,  1-2  feet 
hgih,  widely  branched  above:  leaves  broadly  cuneate, palmately  3-6-lobed 
or  -parted,  the  cuneiform  segments  3-toothed  or  -lobed,  canescent  with  a 
long  appressed-silky  pubescence :  sepals  ovate,  acute,  pubescent  outside, 
soon  reflexed,  2-3  lines  long :  petals  obovate-oblong,  4-6  lines  long  or  more : 
achenes  rather  small,  smooth,  tipped  with  a  subulate,  slightly  hooked  to 
almost  straight,  elongated  style.  Dry  hillsides  about  Ashland  Oregon, 
extending  to  near  the  Klamath  river  in  California. 

Bt  clllosiis.  Soft-pubcHcent  with  moderately  long,  white,  at  len^h 
spreading  hairs :  stems  l-several  from  a  fascicle  of  fleshy-fibrous  perenniai 
roots,  erect  or  ascending ;  lower  leaves  3-parted,  the  obovate  or  oblanceo- 
late  segments  acutely  2-5-lr  bed ;  the  cauline  3-parted,  the  acute  lanceolate 
segments  entire  or  2-3-lobwd ;  the  uppermost  lanceolate  and  entire:  sepals 
ovate,  acutish,  2-3 lines  long,  soon  reflexed;  petals  broadly  obovate,  4-6 
lines  long:  young  ac)  enes  roundish,  cilia te  on  the  outer  edge,  tipped  with 
a  long  subulate  hooked  style:  mature  achenes  not  seen.  Moist  banks, 
in  Bear  Valley,  Blue  Mountains,  0;.gon.  Howell.  May  23,  1885. 


18 


RANUNCULACEiE. 


RANONCULUB. 


BANCNCCl 


R«  Oreenel.  R.  occidentalis  var.  LyalHi  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxi,  S73. 
R.  teneUus  var,  Lyallii  Robinson  in  Gray  Syn.  Fl.  i,  33.  Hispidly  hirsute 
with  tawny  hairs,  or  the  upper  parts  nearly  smooth :  stem  usually  solitary, 
erect,  1-3  teethigh,  with  few-several  slender  erect  branches:  leaves  rather 
few,  thiu;  1-3  inches  in  diameter,  cordate,  deeply  3-cleft,  the  broadly-ob- 
ovate  division!  acute,  3-6-cleft  and  acutely  toothed :  flowers  small,  on  ^len- 
der pedicels,  the  pale  yellow  petals  1-3  lines  long,  not  surpassing  the  spr- 
eading sepals  achenes  in  rather  dense  gktbose  heads,  scarcely  a  line  broad, 
minutely  papillose  and  hispid,  tipped  with  a  long  slender-subulate  curved 
and  hooked  beak.  Common  in  open  Fir  forest,  Oregon  to  Brit.  Columbia 
and  northern  Idaho. 

2  Winter  annuals. 

R.  Uouglasil.  R.  tenellus  Nutt,  T.  A  G.  Fl.  i,  23.  not  Viviani.  Stem 
solitary,  slender  or  moderately  stout,  branching,  1-3  feet  high:  radical 
leaves  long-petioled,  3-partedortrifoliolate,the  divisions  deeply  3-lobed  and 
the  lobes  acutely  3-to()thed ;  cauline  similar,  or  the  upper  3-parted  with 
linear  lobes,  or  reduced  to  a  single  linear-lanceolate  leaf  or  bract,  all  spar- 
ingly pubescent  with  small  appressed  hairs :  sepals  greenish,  pubescent 
outside,  oblong,  obtuse,  1-2  lines  long:  petals  broadly  spatulate,  a  third 
longer  than  the  reflexed  sepals.attenuate  below  to  a  claw:  achenes  smooth, 
tipped  with  a  short  stout  hooked  beak.  Common  in  moist  places  and  river 
bottoms,  California  to  Brit.  Columbia. 

R.  PAKViFLORUs  L.  Pp.  ed.  2,  i,  780.  Soft-pubescent  with  spreading  hairs: 
stem  erect,  slender  or  stoutish,  simple-much  branched,  2-12  inches  high; 
lower  leaves  3-parted ;  the  broad  segment  deeply  3-7-lolied ;  cauline  leaves 
trifoliolate,  the  broad  cunieform  leaflets  deeply  cut  into  3-5  lanceolate  acute 
lobes :  sepals  about  a  line  long,  oblong,  obtuse,  subpersistent :  petals  obo- 
vate,  attenuate  below  to  a  claw,  about  as  long  as  the  sepals,  subpersistent: 
achenes  few,  in  a  loose  globose  head,  papillose-hispid  with  short  hooked 
hairs,  tipped  with  a  very  short,  hooked  beak.  In  the  shade  of  bushes  and 
rocks,  from  the  Columbia  river  to  southern  Oregon.  Introduced  from  Eu. 

=  =  Style  comparatively  short. 

R.  Calirornlcns  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  296.  More  or  less  pilose  or  hirsute: 
stems  erect  or  nearly  so,  6-25  inches  high,  from  a  cluster  of  somewhat 
thickened  fibrous  perennial  roots:  radical  leaves  usually  pinnately  ternate, 
the  leaflets  laciniately  cut  into  3-7  usually  linear  lobes  or  purts :  flowers 
5-10  lines  in  diameter;  petals  5-15,  narrowly  obovate,  deep  glossy  yellow, 
longer  than  the  reflexecl  sepals:  achenes  nearly  2  lines  long,  much  flatten- 
ed and  with  sharp  edges,  tipped  with  the  short  curved  beak :  heads  com- 
pact, ovate  or  globular.  Dry  or  moist  ground,  southern  Oregon  near  the 
coast,  and  California. 

**  *»  Stems  erect  or  ascending,  not  stoloniferous :  roots  fibrous,  of 
\  short  duration :  ovaries  with  the  stout  subulate  style  stigmatose  for 
'''.  much  of  its  length,  persisting  in  a  straight  or  merely  oblique  beak. 

R.  PennsylraniCHS  L.  f.  Suppl.  272.  Hirsute  with  rough  spreading 
hairs :  stem  stout,  erect  1-2  feet  high :  leaves  ternate ;  the  somewhat  ovate 
acute  leaflets  3-cleft,  the  divisions  sharply  cut  and  toothed :  petals  pale 
yellow,  not  longer  than  the  spreading  sepals:  achenes  flat,  tipped  with  the 
short  straight  beak,  crowded  in  an  oblong  head.  In  damp  places,  eastern 
Oregon  to  Brit.  Columbia  and  the  Eastern  Stated. 

R.  Macoanii  Britton  Trans.  N.  Y.  Acad,  xii,  3.  R.  hispidus  Parsh  Fl.  ii, 
395,  not  Michx.  Stems  ascending  or  declined,  usually  hirsute  with  spread- 
ing hairs,  stout,  1-2  feet  long :  leaves  all  ternately  compound :  segments 
oval,  acute,  laciniately  toothed:  flowers  few,  middle-sized,  rather  long-ped- 
iincled;  petals  obovate,  about  3  lines  long,  surpassing  the  spreading  or 
hardly  reflexed  soon  deciduous  sepals;  achenes  mostly  1)^  lines  long, 
smooth,  tipped  with  a  stout  straight  flat-subulate  beak,  in  globular  or  at 


most  oval  hea 


BANUNCCLUS. 


RANUNCULACE/E. 


19 


most  oval  heads.    "Washington  to  Brit.  Columbia  and  Canada. 

B.  Oreganns.  R.  hispidus  var.  Oreganun  Gray  I'roc.  Am.  Acad,  xxi,  376. 
J^raooth  or  somewhat  pubescent  below  with  scattered  hairs:  stem  stout, 
I2-3  feet  hi^h,  usually  several  from  the  fascicle  of  annual  roots:  leaves 
ample,  trifoliate ;  the  broadly-ovate  leaflets  deeply  3-lobed ;  lobes  mostly 
lanceolate,  serrate  above  the  middle :  petals  obovate,  3-4  lines  long,  twice  as 
long  as  the  reflexed  sepals:  achenes  flat  with  a  prominent  border,  1-1)^  lines 
long,  tipped  with  a  short  subulate  beak,  in  a  large  dense  oblong  or  oval 
h  ad.    fcihady,  and  wet  places  ab3ut  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette  river. 


+♦  *♦  ■»* 


Stems  prostrate  and  stoloniferous. 


R.  RBPEXS  L.  Sp.  i,  654.  Pubascent;  stems  1-2  feet  long,  trailing,  rooting 
at  the  lower  joints :  leaves  ternately  parted  and  often  subdivided :  sepals 
ijpreading:  petals  5;  achenes  li^  lines  long,  rather  sharply  margined,  the 
nearly  straight  beak  about  1^  lines  long.  Naturalized  in  various  places 
from  California  to  Brit.  Columbia. 

R.  septentrionalis  Poir.  Diet,  vi,  125.  Coarsely  hirsute  to  glabrous : 
stems  stout,  1-3  feet  high :  often  stoloniferous :  leaves  nearly  all  pedately 
and  pinnately  3-foliate ;  leaflets  3-parted  and  sharply  incised :  flowers 
large,  often  more  than  an  inch  broad :  achenes  strongly  compressed,  rather 
gradually  contracted  into  a  long  flat  beak;  heads  ovoid.  Northern  Idaho 
and  eastward  to  New  Brunswick. 

*„  ^^.  ^^.  ^^.  gtylc  morc  or  less  elongated  and  attenuate  upwards, 
stigmatose  at  the  tip  only  :  petals  5-16 :  roots  perennial. 

R.  orthorhynchns  Hook.  Fl.  i.  21,  t.  9.  Hirsute  to  nearly  glabrous: 
stems  erect  or  ascending,  1-2  feet  long,  usually  several  from  the  fascicle  of 
thick  fibrous  roots:  leaves  mostly  oblong  in  outline,  pinnate,  with  6-7  usu- 
ally cleft  or  incised  leaflets ;  petals  narrow  obovate  purple  outside,  4-6  lines 
long,  much  surpassing  the  reflexed  sepals :  achenes  not  very  numerous, 
ovate,  nearly  2  lines  1.  ng,  strongly  margined,  tipped  with  a  slender-subu- 
late, rigid  and  quite  straight  beak  about  the  same  length.  In  wet  places, 
western  Oregon  to  Brit.  Columbia. 

R.  maximiis  Greene  Bull  Torr.  Club,  xiv,  118.  R.  orthorhynchus  var, 
platyphyllus  Gray  I.  c.  377.  Pilose  or  hirsute  with  spreading  hairs  :  stems 
stout,  1^  feet  high,  ascending  or  trailing,  but  not  rooting :  radical  leaves 
piimate,  2-8  inches  long,  on  long  petioles;  leaflets  deeply  3-cleft  or  -parted, 
the  divisions  laciniately  3-9-toothed :  sepals  ovate,  acute,  3-4  lines  long, 
hirsute  outside,  soon  reflexed :  petals  obovate-oblong,  rounded  at  the  sum- 
mit, short  clawed,  5-9  lines  long,  yellow  with  a  dark  base:  achenes  strong- 
ly margined,  tipped  with  a  rigid,  subulate,  straight  or  slightly  incurved 
beak  as  long  as  the  body.  In  wet  places,  Oregon  and  Washington  to  Cal- 
ifornia and  the  Wahsatch  Mountains. 

■»-•*-••-•*-•«-  -^  Annuals  or  biennials  with  muricate-echinate  achenes. 

R.  MDRicATus  L.  Sp.  1,  555.  Glabrous :  stems  rather  stout,  4-8  inches 
high ;  leaves  roundish  or  reniform,  coarsely  toothed :  petals  pale  yellow, 
longer  than  the  sepals :  achenes  very  large,  flat,  the  sides  coarsely  muricate- 
prickly,  surrounded  by  a  wide  sharp  smooth  margin;  beak  stout  and 
straight.    In  wet  places,  Umpqua  valley  Oregon.  Introduced  from  Europe. 

Tribe  4-  Hellehorex  DC.  Sepals  imbricated  in  the  bud,  petaloid. 
Petals  small  or  irregular  or  none.  Carpels  few,  .becoming  several- 
seeded  follicles. 

*  Perennial  herbs.  Flowers  regular.  Follicles  6-15.        ^'^' 
CALTHA    L.  Gen.  n.  703. 
Smooth  marsh  plants  with  mostly  radical,  cordate  or  reniform 


I 


20 


RANUNCULACEiE. 


CALTHA. 
TROLLIUS. 


leaves  and  white  or  yellow  flowers  Sepals  5-15.  petaloid.  Pet- 
als none.  Stamens  numerous  Pistils  5-15,  several  ovuled,  be- 
coming several -seeded,  flattened  follicles  that  are  dehiscent  their 
whole  length  on  the  inner  edge. 

C.  leptosepala  DC.  Syst.  i,  310.  Stems  erect,  2-8  inches  high,  1-2-flow- 
ered ;  the  lower  flower  subtended  by  a  petaloid  lanceolate  bract :  leavea 
roundish-  to  oblong-cordate,  longer  than  wide,  irregularly  crenate-toothed : 
sepals  white  tinged  with  purple  outside,  lanceolate,  acute,  5-8  lines  long: 
follicles  obscurely  stipitate.  Wet  meadows,  Mount  Adams  Washington  to 
the  Rocky  Mountains  and  Alaska. 

C.  biflora  DC.  Syst.  i,  310.  Stems  scape-like,  5-12  inches  high,  1-2-flo- 
wered:  leaves  round-reniform,  with  broad  overlapping  base,  broader  than 
long,  1-4  inches  broad,  obscurely  crenate:  sepals  wnite,  oblong  to  spatulate, 
obtuse,  6-10  lines  long:  follicles  distinctly  stipitate  when  mature.  In 
cold  bogs  and  rivulets  of  high  mountains.  California  to  Alaska. 

C.  palnstrls  L.  Sp.  i,  784.  Stems  erect  or  ascending,  rather  thick  and 
succulent,  6-10  inches  long  or  more,  corymbosely  or  dichotomously  branch- 1 
ed  above:  lower  leaves  2-4  inches  broad,  cordate  or  reniform,  on  petioles 
3-9  inches  or  more  long,  crenately  or  acutely  dentate,  or  quite  entire ;  can- 
line  leaves  on  shorter  petioles :  flowers  few,  pedunculate,  yellow ;  sepals  5- 
6,  broadly  oval,  6-9  lines  long:  follicles  oblong,  somewhat  curved,  mucron- 
ate  with  the,  at  length,  nearly  straight  style.  In  marshes,  Oregon  to 
Alaska  and  the  Atlantic  States  and  Canada. 

d   j  TROLLIUS   L.  Gen.  n.  700. 

Glabrous  perennial  herbs  with  palmately  lobed  or  dissected 
leaves,  and  few  or  solitary  yellow  or  lilac  flowers.  Seppls  5-15, 
regular,  petaloid,  deciduous.  Petals  5-8,  small,  1-lipped,  tubu- 
lar at  base.  Stamens  and  ovaries  numerous.  Follicles  sessile, 
somewhat  cylindrical,  many-seeded.  Seeds  oblong  with  a  smooth 
crustaceous  testa. 

T.  laxns   Salisb.  Tranb.  Linn.  Soc.  viii,  303    Stems  erect,  1-2 feet  high: 
leavespalmately  divided ;  the  segments  many-cleft :  sepals  5-6,  spreading, 
ochroleucous  with  a  tinge  of  green  beneath :  petals  15-25,  deep  orange-vcl- 1 
low.     Headwaters  of  the  Skokomish  river,  Olympic  Mountains  Washing- 1 
ton,  and  the  eastern  States. 

{^     f  COPTIS  Salisb.  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  viii,  305. 

Low,  smooth  and  shining  evergreen  herbs  with  l-S-flowered 
scapes  and  ternate  or  quinate  leaves.  Flowering  in  very  early 
spring.  Sepals  5-7,  petaloid.  Petals  as  many,  thread-like,  en- 
larging and  cucullate  near  the  upper  end  or  near  the  middh'. 
Stamens  10-25.  Follicles  3-12,  stipitate,  several  seeded.  Seeds 
with  shining  crustaceous  testa. 

§1.  Chryza  Gray  Gen.  111.  i,  38.  Sepals  oval.  Petals  shorter 
than  the  stamens,  clavate,  with  enlarged  and  thickened,  hollow, 
nectariferous  summit.  Leaflets  3,  rarely  5,  subsessile  and  undi- 
vided.    Scapes  1-flowered. 

€.  trifolla  Salisb.  1.  c.  Leaves  trifoliolate ;  leaflets  cuneiform-obovate, 
mucronately  toothed,  obscurely  3-lobed,  about  an  inch  long :  scapes  slen- 
der, 3-5  inches  high,  1-flowered:  sepals  5-7,  oblong,  obtuse,  white:  pet- 
als shorter  than  the  sepals,  cucullate-obconic,  white  with  yellow  base, 
soon  deciduous :  follicles  ovate-oblong,  longer  than  the  style,  equaled  by 


.THA. 
LLIUS. 


d.  Pet- 
aled,  be- 
snt  their 


,  1-2-flow- 
!t :  leaves 
B -toothed ; 
ines  long : 
lington  to 


h,  1-2-flo. 
lader  than 
spatqlate, 
iture.    In 

thick  and 
ly  braiich- 
n  petioles 
itire;  cau- 
;  sepals  5- 
[,  mucron- 
Oregon  to 


dissected 
iflls  5-15, 
id,  tubu- 

s'  sessile, 
a  smooth 


feet  high : 

spreading, 

•range-yel- 

Washing- 


-flowered 
ry  early 
•like,  en- 
middle. 
I.     Seeds 

3  shorter 
,  hollow, 
id  iindi- 


Q-obovate, 
apes  slen- 
k'hite :  pet- 
llow  base, 
iqualed  by 


COPTI8.  RANUNCULACE^.  21 

AQDILKGIA. 

the  stipe:  seeds  black.    In  marshes  and   low   woods,   northwest  Wash- 
ington to  Alaska  and  the  Atlantic  States,  Newfoundland  and  northward. 

§  2  Chrysocoptis  Gray  1.  c.  Sepals  linear  or  ligulate,  atten- 
uate, greenish-  or  yellowish-white.  Petals  filiform  or  ligulate, 
enlarged  and  cucullate  near  the  middle     Scapes  1  3-flow^ered. 

C.  occldentalis  T.  &G.  Fl.  i,  28.  Leaves  simply  trifoliolate :  leaflets 
long-petiolulate,  roundish  in  outline,  2-3  inches  long,  3-lobed  to  about  the 
miodle,  lobes  obtuse,  slightly  .S-lobed  or  incised  and  obtusely  dentate :  pet- 
als shorter  than  the  sepals  and  apparently  subulate  from  a  subaessile  ovate 
and  concave  base ;  mature  follicles  longer  than  the  stipe ;  seeds  oblong.  In 
the  mountains  of  Idaho.  A  little  known  species. 

C.  venosa.  Leaves  ternate,  coriaceous,  smooth  and  shining  prominent- 
ly veine^l;  leaflets  ovate  with  cordate  base,  deeply  3-cleft,  the  divisions  again 
cleft  into  3-5  cuspidate  dentate  lobes,  the  terminal  one  long  and  tiie  lateral 
ones  short  petiolulate:  scapes  at  length  7-12  inches  high,  equaling  or  excee- 
ding the  leaves:  sepals  petal-like,  very  narrowly  lanceolate,  long-acuminate 
;i-4  lines  long:  petals  a  little  shorter,  tiliform,  dilated  and  gibbous  below  the 
middle:  follicles  longer  than  the  stipe:  seeds  oblong,  chestnut-brown.  Cas- 
cade mountains  near  the  head  of  Elk  Creek  Oregon.  So  far  as  known  only 
collected  by  myself,  and  distributed  as    (.'.  occidentalis  in  1881-82. 

C.  laciniata  Gray  Bot.  Gaz.  xii,  237.  Leaves  chartaceous,  ternate,  triter- 
nate,  or  ternate -quinate;  the  ovate  leaflets  deeply  3-5-cleft,  acute  and  acute- 
ly toothed:  sepals  linear -lanceolate,  -1-5  lines  long,  spreading  or  reflexed: 
petals  a  third  shorter,  nearly  filiform,  cucullate  in  the  middle:  follicles  4-5 
lines  long,  ex.ieeding  the  stipe:  seeds  oval.  Along  streams.  Coast  and  < Cas- 
cade mountains  fmm  Oregon  to  northern  California, 

C.  asplenifolia  Falisb.  1.  c.  303.  Leaves  pinnately  5-foliolate;  leaflets  all 
rather  long-petiolulate,  mostly  ovatt-oMong  in  outline  and  pinnately 
6-parted  or  divided ;  lowest  pair  of  pinna;  commonly  petiolulate  and  ubpeV 
confluent  all  3-5-cleft  and  incised:  sepals  tiliform,  2-3  lines  long :  petals 
filiform  with  a  thickened  and  concave  nectary  below  the  middle :  mature 
follicles  shorter  than  the  stipe.  Damp  woods  and  marshes,  Alaska  to  Bi*it. 
Columbia.  To  be  looked  for  in  northern  Washington. 

I ,  jff.  AQUILEGIA  Tourn.  Inst.  428.   L.  Gen.  n.  684. 

Perennial  herbs  with  biternate  or  triternate  leaves  and  showy 
terminal  flowers  in  early  summer.  Sepals  5,  colored  and  petal- 
old.  Petals  5,  alternate  with  the  sepals,  with  short  spreading 
lips,  and  produced  backwards  into  long  tubular  spurs.  Stamens 
many,  the  outer  ones  long-exserted,  the  inner  ones  reduced  to 
thin  scales.     Follicles  5,  sessile,  pointed  with  the  slender  style. 

A.  forniosa  Fischer  in  DC.  Prod,  i,  50.  Sparingly  pubescent  with  soft 
spreading  hairs:  stems  branching,  2-4  feef  high,  from  a  simple  or  branched 
fleshy  fusiform  root:  lower  leaves  triternate,  on  long  petioles,  the  upper  sessile 
and  ternate  or  reduced  to  simple  bracts:  leaflets  bi'oadly  ouneate,  3-cleft,  the 
ili visions  variously  3-5-lobed:  flowers  red, pendulous  in  anthesis;  sepals  sprea- 
ding or  reflexed,  10-14  lines  long,  lanceolate,  abi-uptly  narrowed  to  a  short 
claw:  spurs  little  or  not  at  all  longer  than  the  sepals ;  style  not  longer  than  the 
stamens:  follicles  an  inch  long  by  2  linos  wide.  Common  from  California 
to  Alaska  Nevada  and  Utah, 

A.  trnncatu  F.  &  M.  Ind.  Sem.  Petr.  Suppl.  8.  (1843,)  Glabrous:  stems 
1-3  feet  high,  with  lax  spreading  branches :  flowers  1-2  inches  in  diameter, 
red  tinged  with  yellow :  sepals  widely  spreading  or  reflexed :  petals  trun- 
cate, the  limb  very  short ;  the  spurs  6-9  lines  long,  thick  and  blunt.    In 


22 


RANUNCULACEiE. 


AQUILEGIA. 
DELPHIMUH. 


DPLPHINII 


shady  ravinea,  southern  Oregon  near  Crater  Lake,  Oorman,  and  California. 

A.  flarescens  Watson  Bot.  King,  10.  Smooth:  stems  1-3  feet  high: 
leaves  ternate :  leaflets  round-cordate,  3-parted,  the  segments  2-3-cleft  and 
coarsely  toothed:  flowers  yellow,  pendulous;  sepals retlexed,  oblong-ovate, 
acute,  longer  than  the  spurs:  style  nearly  equaling  the  stamens,  much  lon- 
ger than  the  pubescent  ovary.  tSubalpine,  eastern  Oregon  to  Nevada,  Utah 
and  Brit.  Columbia. 

A.  leptosera  Nutt.  Journ.  Acad.  Philad.  vii,  9.  Stems  1-2  feet  high, 
glabrous,  fow-Howei-ed:  flowers  wLite  or  slightly  tinged  with  blue,  soon  becom- 
ing erect:  sepals  ovate,  an  inch  to  inch  and  a  half  long;  spur  straight,  2  inches 
long,  very  slender:  Hhadetl  mountain  slopes^  Idaho  to  eastern  Calif ornia  and 
Utah, 

*  *  Flowers  irregular.  Carpels  1-5.  Leaves  palmately  lohed  or 
dissected. 

I  7  *f  DELPHINIUM  Tourn.  Inst.  426.  L.  Gen.  n.  781. 

Erect  herbs  from  grumous  or  fleshy-fibrous  roots,  with  palmate- 
ly lobed  cleft  or  divided  alternate  leaves  and  showy  flowers  in 
simple  or  paniculate  racemes.  Sepals  5,  very  irregular,  usually 
colored  and  petaloid,  the  upper  one  produced  backwards  at  the 
base  into  a  hollow  spur  the  others  plain.  Petals  2-4,  very  irreg- 
ular, the  2  upper  ones  developed  backwards  and  enclosed  in  the 
spur  of  the  calyx.  StameiiiS  many.  Pistils  1-5,  many-ovuled. 
Style  persistent.     Ours  all  of 

§  Delphinastrum  DC.  Syst.  i,  351,  Petals  4.  distinct,  the  up- 
per pair  usually  glabrous :  the  lateral  ones  unguiculate,  more  or 
less  hairy  on  the  face,  in  ours  emarginate  or  2-lobed  at  the  apex. 
Follicles  in  ours  usually.  3. 

*  Flowers  blue  or  white,  never  scarlet  nor  orange. 

D.  Menziesii  DC.  Syst.i,  355.  Glabrous  or  pubescent  with  spreading 
hairs;  5  to  18  inches  high,  sparingly  leafy:  lower  leave-iround-reniform,  irreg- 
ularly cut  into  oblong  lobes:  the  upper  finely  dissected  into  linear  lobes:  flowers 
blue ,  in  a  few-branched  panicle:  sepals  lanceolate,  obtuse,  5-8  lines  long  by 
2-3  lines  wide,  about  as  long  as  the  stout  spur,  pubescent  with  spreading  hairs: 
petals  exscrted,  white  with  purple  veins:  follichis  glabrous,  8-10  lines  long 
with  acute  widely  spreading  tips:  seeds  turbinate,  with  a  brond  depressed  sum- 
mit.      Northern  California  to  Brit.  Columbia:  usually  in  open  wootls. 

D.  panpercvluin  Greene  Pitt,  i,  284.  Stem  solitary,  simple,  2-7-leaved, 
6-10  inches  high ;  from  a  small  globose  or  ovate  tuber :  pubescence  sparse 
and  soft :  leaves  parted  into  broad-linear,  trifid  segments :  flowers  only  3  or 
4  on  ascending  pedicels,  deep  blue,  an  inch  broad ;  spur  straight,  ascending. 
Near  the  coast,  Washington.  M.  A.  Knapp. 

Dt  Oreganum.  Finely  pubescent  with  short  reflexed  hairs :  stem  often 
slender,  1-3  feet  high,  from  a  somewhat  branched  flattish  tuber,  sparingly 
leafy :  leaves  all  dissected  into  acute  linear  lobes:  flowers  blue,  in  few  to 
many-flowered  racemes ;  sepals  broadly  lanceolate,  half  inch  or  more  long, 
shorter  than  the  slender  spur;  lov/er  petals  blue,  very  obtuse  or  truncate, 
repand  and  ciliate  at  the  apex,  the  blade  only  2-3  lines  long;  upper  ones 
light  blue  bordered  with  'vhite,  lanceolate,  obtuse :  follicles  3-4  hues  long 
by  a  line  broad,  densely  tomentose,  erect  and  not  at  all  spreading  at  the 
tips:  seed  triangular,  with  rounded  and  rugose  back,  and  truncate  summit. 
Open  plains  and  hillpides  of  the  Willamette  valley. 


DFLPHINIUM. 


RANUNCULACE^. 


23 


D.  leacophaenm  Greene  Eryth.  iii,  118.  D.  Menziesii  var.  ochroleucum 
Xittl.  T.  ife  G.  Fl.  i,  31.  Very  finely  pubeacent  with  retrorsely  appressed 
liairs,  usually  rather  slender,  1-3  feet  high  from  a  more  or  less  branching 
tuber :  leaves  ternate,  the  nearly  sessile  leaflets  deeply  cut  into  3-5  lacini- 
ately  trifid  lobes :  racemes  virgate,  3-10  inches  long :  pedicels  erect  in  fruit, 
the  lowest  1-2  inches  long,  the  upper  2-6  lines  long,  all  more  or  less  gland- 
ular: sepals  whitish  or  ochroleucous  outside,  spur  slender,  8-10  lines  long, 
longer  than  the  oblong  lower  petals,  blu6  bordered  with  white,  rounded  at 
the  summit,  repand-dentate,  rather  densely  bearded:  follicles  erect,  rather 
densely  pubescent,  oblong,  5-7  lines  long.  Open  plains,  Willamette  val- 
ley and  along  the  Willamette  river  near  Oswego. 

D.  simplex  Dougl.  Hook.  Fl.  i,  25.  Tall  and  strict,  2-3  feet  high : 
pubescent  throughout,  with  short  and  sjft  spreading  almost  velvety  down : 
leaves  all  dissected  into  linear  divisions  and  lobes,  racemes  spiciform  and 
virgate:  pedicels  shorter  than  the  spur,  erect  in  flower  and  fruit:  calyx 
pubescent  outside.    Root  and  fruit  not  seen.  Western  Idaho.     {Gray  Syn. 

FL  i,  49.) 

D.  dlstichnin  Geyer  Lond.Journ.  Bot.  vi.  68.  Stem  strict  a  foot  or 
two  to  rarely  3  feet  high  from  a  fasciculate  tul^erous  root,  glaucescent,  gla- 
brous or  the  inflorescence  puberulent,  rather  rigid,  several-leaved,  simple 
or  the  larger  plants  having  one  or  more  lateral  racemes :  leaves  thickish  ; 
lower  ones  of  rounded  outline,  with  cuneate  or  narrow  divisions  and  lolies ; 
upper  ones  short-petioled,  erect,  and  with  aproximate  or  little  spreading 
linear  divisions  and  lobes :  raceme  spiciform  and  virgate,  many-fiowered : 
pedicels  shorter  than  the  spur,  erect  or  appressed  both  in  flower  antl  fruit : 
flowers  blue  or  violet,  approximate  and  conspicuously  distichous  in  the 
very  spiciform  raceme:  sepals  at  first  canescent  puberulent  outside,  a  third 
to  nearly  a  half  inch  long, follicles  erect,  seldom  over  a  half  inch  long.  Low 
prairies,  etc.,  Oregon  ami  Washington  to  Montana. 

D.  Colnmblannm  Greene  Eryth.  ii,  193.  Densely  canescent:  stems 
simple,  4-12  inches  high  or  more,  from  a  fascicle  of  thickened  roots :  lower 
leaves  reniform,  irregularly  cut  into  oblong  callous-tipped  lobes :  upper 
ones  finely  dissected  into  linear  lobes :  inflorescence  tawny  pubescent : 
flowers  dark  blue,  rather  small,  in  a  strict  secund  or  virgate  spike:  pedi- 
cels erect,  short  and  stout:  sepals  oblong,  about  half  as  long  as  the  slender 
spur,  appressed  canescent;  follicles  densely  tawny-pubescent,  5-8  lines 
long  by  a  line  or  more  wide,  erect :  seeds  winged.  Iii  winter  rivulets,  east- 
ern Washington  .to  Nevada  and  California. 

D.  Andersonl  Gray  1.  c.  Si)aringly  pubescent  or  glabrous,4-18  inches 
high,  rather  stout:  leaves  thickish,  round-reniform  in  outline,  the  lower 
coarsely  and  the  upper  finely  dissected  into  obtuse  linear  lobes ;  flowers 
blue,  in  a  condensed  spike:  sepals  broadly  spatulate,  6  lines  long  or  more, 
finely  pubescent :  petals  pale  blue  veined  with  dark  blue :  follicles  glab- 
rous, 8-12  lines  long  by  lJ^-2  lines  wide,  erect,  with  acute  spreading 
tips :  seeds  broadly  winged  with  a  broad  depressed  summit.  Southeastern 
Oregon  to  Nevada  and  California. 

D.  Nnttalllanuni  Pritz.  in  "Walp.  Rep.  ii,  744.  Glabrous  or  barely  pu- 
berulent :  stem  slender,  a  span  to  a  foot  high  from  a  fasciculate-tuberous 
iroot;  leaves  small,  all  pedately  parted  into  narrowly  linear  divisions  of  an 
onch  or  more  in  length :  racemes  3-15  flowered :  pedicels  about  the  length, 
of  the  flowers ;  sepals  3  lines  long,  oblong,  little  surpassing  the  petals 
much  shorter  than  the  slender  spur:  follicles  (so  far  as  known)  oval-ob- 
long, erect,  about  4  lines  long.  Eastern  borders  of  Washington  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains. 

D.  blcolor  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Philad.  vii,  10.  Pubescent,  a  span  to  a 
toot  high  from  fascicled,  and  mostly  deep  descending  roots,  rather  stout : 
leaves  thickish,  the  lower  orbicular  in  outline,  all  deeply  cleft  or  parted 
with  mostly  linear  and  obtuse  segments ;  racemes  few  to  several-flowered : 
lower  pedicels  an  inch    or    two   long,  ascending :  sepals    and  spur  half  to 


il 


24 


RANUNCULACEiE. 


DELPHINIUM. 
ACONITDM. 


1 1 

i 


three-fourths  inch  long ;  upper  petals  pale  yellow  and  white  and  copiou)9ly 
blue-veined:  follicles  glabrous, or  when  young  puberulent,8ometime8  quite 
erect,  but  usuallj^  recurving  above.  Dry  ground,  mountains  of  eastern 
Oregon  and  Washington  to  Utah,  Colorado  and  British  Columbia. 

1).  depanperatnm  Nutt.  1.  c.  Stem  very  slender,  simple,  1-3  leaved : 
leaves  scarcely  an  inch  in  diameter,  glabrous,  the  lower  one  flabelliform 
or  reniform  :  upper  part  of  the  stem  and  carpels  minutely  villous :  raceme 
1-7-flowered ;  flowers  deep  blue,  upper  petals  yellowish :  follicles  6-6  lines 
long,  erect.    Mountains  of  eastern  Oregon  and  Nevada. 

D.  trolllifolium  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  viii,  275.  Glabrous  through- 
out or  the  inflorescence  sparingly  villous,  tall  and  stout,  2-5  feet  high : 
leaves  large,  long  petioled,  5-7  lobetl,  the  lobes  laciniately  cleft  and 
toothed  with  acuminate  segments:  flowers  large,  in  a  loose  raceme:  sepals 
oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  8-10  lines  long,  sparingly  villous :  follicles 
glabrous,  (S-S  lines  longV)y  two  lines  broad:  seeds  turbinate  with  a  narrow 
rim  at  the  top.  Common  along  streams  from  British  Columbfa  to  Califor- 
nia.   Known  as  "Poison  Larkspur^" 

'  D.  occidentale  Watson.  Glabrous  or  densely  pubescent  above,  4-fi 
feet  high :  leaves  deeply  3-5  cleft,  the  divisions  broadly  cuneate  some- 
what 3-lobed  and  sparingly  gash-toothed,  the  teeth  narrowing  abruptly  to 
a  callous  point :  flow'Gis  small  in  a  many-flowered  sparingly  branched  pan- 
icle: sepals  spatulate  acuminate  attached  by  a  broad  has.  6  lines  long  or 
more,  follicles  glabrous  oi"  sometimes  pubescent :  seeds  lifeht  colored  and 
spongy.  Subalpine  in  damp  soil,  from  the  Blue  Mountains  of  Oregon  to 
Nevada. 

1).  scopulorum  Gray  PI.  Wright,  ii,  9.  Glabrous  below  or  throughout : 
stems  1-6  feet  high  from  a  fascicle  of  thick  ro«.>ts ;  leaves  numerous,  mostly 
orbicular  in  outline,  2-3  inches  in  diameter,  5-7  parted,  the  lower  into 
cuneate  and  the  upper  into  narrower  cleft  and  laciniate  divisions :  petio- 
les, except  the  lowest,  hardly  dilated  at  base :  bracts  and  bractlets  mainly 
filiform :  racemes  many  flowered ;  flowers  blue  varying  to  white  or  pink  on 
short  erect  pedicels ;  sepals  about  half  an  inch  long,  about  equaling  the 
spur :  lower  petals  deeply  notched  and  with  the  whitish  upper  ones  but  lit- 
tle shorter  than  the  oblong  sepals :  follicles  not  over  half  inch  long,  short- 
oblong,  erect :  seeds  with  a  loose  cellular  coat.  Mountains  of  eastern 
Washington  (Sandhcrg  No.  921)  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  New  Mexico 

D.  glancuni  Watson  Bot.  Oal.  ii,  4*27.  Tall  and  stout,  glabrous  and 
more  or  less  glaucous :  IfeavPS  large,  laciniately  lobed  and  toothed,  the 
lobes  mostly  acuminate,  the  upper  leaves  sparingly  lobed  or  entire  and 
narrowly  lanceolate:  flowers  pale  blue, numerous  in  a  narrow  raceme,upou 
slender  and  rather  short  'pedicels,  the  somewhat  minutely  tomentose  sep- 
als rather  narrow,  about  6  lines  long  or  less,  follicles  glabrous.  From 
Yakima  county.  Washington,  to  California  and  north  to  the  Yukon  river. 

D.  Bnrkei  Greene  Eryth.  ii.  183.  Stems  one  or  several,  a  foot 
high  or  more,  erect,  not  slender,  froin  a  manifestly  woody-fibrous 
root,  leafy  at  or  near  the  base  only:  foliage  and  lower  part  of  stem  seem- 
ing glabrous,  though  somewhat  puberulent  under  a  lens ;  upper  part  of 
stem  and  the  inflorescence  clot  bed  with  a  short villous-hirsute  pubescence: 
leaves  2  inches  broad,  deeply  parted  into  many  linear  and  oblong-linear 
obtusish  segments,  the  textur^  rather  fieshy :  raceme  rather  long  and  nar- 
row, the  i)edicel8  being  equal  and  quite  erect :  sepals  deep  blue,  pubescent 
exteriorly,  spur  rather  long,  usually  blunt,  nearly  straight  and  horizontal; 
petals  conspicuously  white,  or  perhaps  ochroleucous :  ovaries  densely-ap- 
pressed-villous :  follicles  unknown.    "Snake  Country"  IdahO'    Burke. 

**  Flowers  scarlet. ■      .■:,..: 

D.  nndicanle  T.  &  G.  1.  c.  Smooth  or  slightly  villous,  stems  a  foot  or 
two  high;  leaves  mostly  near  the  base,  1-3  inches  iu  diameter,  3-5  lobed, 


ACONITCM. 
IBOPYRUM. 

the  lobes  more 
flowers  red:  se 
more,  much  sli 
ei  n[_Oregon  an( 

Tall  perem 
sliowy  tiower 
very  irregula 
ones  plain.  I 
spur-like  bla 
8  lower  ones  g 

A>    ColambJ 

smooth  below,! 
iwtioles,  the  u] 
ciniately  tooth 
portion  higher 
narrowed  basa 
obtuse,  C-8  lint 
versely  wrinkle 
bia,  east  to  the 

A.  balblfen 

below,  toment( 
per  sessile  beai 
lobes :  sepals  pi 
on  the  eastern 
ing  in  Septemt 

*  *  *  Flo\ 


Low  peren 
compound  lei 
solitary.  Se 
very  small  ai 
2-20,  several 
ous  testa. 

I.    gtlpitatn 

slender,  2-4  ini 
with  about  2  t( 
ternate,  petiolt 
peduncle  thick 
ments  enlargec 
long,  3-4  seede 
moist  places,  s 

I.  HalliiGi 

high,  2-leaved; 
inches  long, in 
twice  forked  fo 
inch  or  two  lor 
sepals,  clavate 
seeds  rugulose. 
ley.    A  rare  sj 


ACONITOM. 
IBOPYRUM. 


RANUNCULACEiE. 


26 


the  lobes  more  or  less  deeply  3-7  toothed,  with  broad  obtuse  segments : 
flowers  red :  sepals  broadly  lanceolate,  abruptly  acuminate,  6  lines  long  or 
more,  much  shorter  than  the  long  stout  spur.  In  the  mountains  of  south- 
ern^^Oregon  and  California. 

\  ',    4«r^C0NITUM  Tourn.  Inst.  424.    L.  Gen.  n.  682. 

Tall  perennial  herbs  with  palmately  lobed  alternate  leaves  and 
showy  tiowers  in  open  racemes.  Sepals  5,  colored  and  petaloid, 
very  irregular,  the  upper  ones  arched  into  a  hood,  the  lateral 
ones  plain.  Petals  2-5,  the  upper  2  irregular,  with  long  claw  and 
spur-like  blade  which  are  concealed  in  the  hood  of  the  sepals ;  the 
8  lower  ones  small  or  obsolete.  Follicles  3-5,  sessile,  many-seeded. 

A.  Columbianmn  Nutt.  T.  &G.  Fl.  i,  34.  Rather  stout,  2-6  feet  high, 
smooth  below, aomewhat  tomentose  above :  leaves  ample,the  lower  on  long 
jwtioles,  the  upper  subsessile,  all  deeply  1^5  cleft  into  broadly  cuneate  la- 
ciniately  toothed  acuminate  lobes :  hood  6-8  lines  long  with  helmet-shaped 
portion  higher  than  broad,  at  length  much  shorter  than  the  downwardly 
narrowed  basal  portion,  very  strongly  beaked:  follicles  usually  3,  ",blong, 
obtuse,  C-8  lines  long,  many-seeded :  seeds  flat,  strongly  keeled  and  trans- 
versely wrinkled.  Along  mountains  steams,  CaHfornia  to  Brit.  Colum- 
l)ia,  east  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  New  Mexico. 

A.  bulbiferum.  i*^tems  slender,  weak  and  viney,  2-4  feet  long:  smooth 
l)elow,  tomentose  above :  leaves  rather  small,  on  short  petioles,  or  the  up- 
per sessile  bearing  bulblets  in  their  axils,  all  laciniateiy  cut  into  acute 
lobes :  sepals  pale  blue ;  hood  6-8  lines  long.  Fruit  not  seen.  In  marshes 
on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Cascade  Mountains  near  Mount  Hood,  flower- 
ing in  September. 

*  *  *  Flowers  regular.  Carpels  1-5.  Leaves  ternalely  compound. 

-*-Frxnt  dry.     Follicles  1-20. 

13.    ISOPYRUM  L.  Gen.  n.  ed.  2.  533. 

Low  perennial  herbs  with  mostly  alternate  2-3-ternately  de- 
compound leaves  and  white  flowers  in  lax  terminal  panicles  or 
solitary.  Sepals  5-6,  petaloid,  regular,  deciduous.  Petals  5, 
very  small  and  nectariferous  or  none.  Stamens  10-40.  Follicles 
2-20,  several-ovuled.  Seeds  with  a  smooth  or  rugulose  crustace- 
ous  testa.  ■    .-m'-t-^    v   •.■. .  .v 

I.  stlpitatnm  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad .  xii,  54.  Glabrous ;  stems  very 
Blender,  2-4  inches  high  from  a  large  fascicle  of  thickened  fibrous  roots, 
with  about  2  ternate  cauline  leaves  and  a  single  flower ;  radical  leaves  bi- 
ternate,  petiolate,  with  cuneate  often  2-3  lobed  leaflets,  3-5  lines  long: 
peduncle  thickened  at  the  summit ;  sepals  4-6,  oblong,  3  lines  long :  fila- 
ments enlarged  in  the  middle :  follicles  2-6,8hortly  stipitate,  oblong,3  lines 
long,  3-4  seeded :  seeds  globular,  transversely  rugose.  Under  trees  in  open 
moist  places,  southern  Oregon,  near  Oakland,  to  northern  California. 

I.  HalUi  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  viii,  374.  Stems  slender,  erect,  1-3  feet 
high,  2-leaved;  leaves  ample,  2-3- ternate ;  leaflets  obovate-cuneate  %-2 
inches  long,  irregularly  3-incised  at  the  apex :  flowers  in  simple  or  once  or 
twice  forked  foliaceous-bracted  subumbellate  corymbs :  pedicels  slender,  an 
inch  or  two  long :  sepals  5,  obovate,  4  lines  long :  filaments  as  long  as  the 
sepals,  clavate:  follicles  3-5,  sessile,  ovate-oblong,  acuminate,  2-4  seeded: 
seeds  rugulose.  Along  mountain  streams  both  sides  of  the  "Willamette  val- 
ley.   A  rare  species. 


26 


RANUNCULACE^. 


CIMICIFUaA. 
ACTiGA. 


14     CIMICIFUGA  L,  Amcen.  Acad,  viii,  193  t.  4. 

Tall  perennial  herbs  with   ample   ternately   compound   leaves 
and  small  white  flowers  in  paniculate  racemes  in  summer.     Sep 
als  4-6,  falling  soon  after  the  flower  opens.     Petals  1-8,  or  n(uie, 
small,   with   short,  claws.      Stamens   numerous.     Follicles   1-S, 
many-  seeded. 

C.  elaia  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  36.  Caneacently  pubescent  or  the  pani- 
cle tomentose  and  glandular,  4-8  feet  high ;  leaves  ample ;  leaflets  thin  2-4 
inches  in  diameter.  5-7  lobed,  segments  ai'ute,  coarsely  cuspidati'- 
serrate:  petals  none:  filaments  equal:  pistils  2-6  in  the  early 
flowers,  only  one  in  the  later  ones,  glabrous  or  minutely  glandu- 
lar; follicles  sessile,  4  lines  long,  obtuse,  6-10  seeded:  seeds  tereti- 
transversely  rugr  se.    In  woodlands  Willamette  valley  to  Puget  Sound. 

C>  laclniata  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xx,  352.  Glalirous  or  the  pani- 
cle tomentose :  3-5  feet  high :  leaves  ample,  ternate,  the  divisions  3-parteil 
or  deeply  3-lobed,  the  acuminate  segments  coarsely  laciniate-toothed :  pet- 
als usually  present:  filaments  unequal:  pistils  2-5  pubescent;  follicles  stip- 
itate  4-5  lines  long,  G--8  seeded:  seeds  flat  linear,  light  brown,  scaly. 
Lost  Lake,  north  side  of  Mount  Hood.     Rare. 

_,_-«-  Frtiit  a  one-celled ,  vmny-seeded  berry. 

15     ACTiEA  L.  Gen.  n.  644. 

Tall  perennial  herbs  with  alternate,  triteinately  decompound 
leaves  and  small  white  flowers  in  short  terminal  racemes.  Sej)- 
als  5-6,  nearly  equal,  petaloid,  caducous.  Petals  4-10,  or  none, 
less  showy  than  the  numerous  white  filaments.  Carpel  solitary, 
sessile,  covered  with  a  broad  and  obscurely  2-lobed  depressed 
stigma,  becoming  a  berry  filled  with  smooth  flattened  seeds 
packed  horizontally  in  two  rows. 

A.  argnta  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i.  35.  Stems  1-6  feet  high  from  a  fascicle 
of  short  branching  roots,  1-3  leaved ;  leaves  ternately  or  quinately  decom- 
pound :  leaflets  ovate  to  oblong,  often  obscurely  3-lobed,  acuminate,  irregu- 
larly incised-dontate ;  racemes  oblong,  sometimes  divided  toward  the  base, 
loose :  pedicels  longer  than  the  flower8,flliform, scarcely  thickened  in  fruit : 
petals  oblong,  obtuse,  shorter  than  the  stamens:  berries  red  or 
white  subglobose.  Common  in  forests  from  California  to  Alaska  and  the 
Rocky  Mountains. 

A.  rubra  Wild.  Enum.  561.  Stems  about  2  feet  high:  leaves  ter- 
nately decompound;  leaflets  ovate,  acuminate,  1-2  inches  long,  unequally 
and  incisely  serrate,  the  terminal  one  often  3-cleft :  racemes  broadly  ovate 
or  hemispherical :  pedicels  longer  than  the  flowers,  scarcely  any  thicker  in 
fruit :  sepals  4  greenish,  ovate  petals  3-10,  rhombic  ovate,  acute,  shorter 
than  the  stamens:  berries  bright  cherry-red,  shining,  subovato. 
Craig  Mountains,  northern  Idaho  (Sandberg  n.  235),  to  the  Atlantic 
States  and  Canada. 

Tribe  5.  Pseonieae  DC.  Prod.  i.  64.  Sepals  herbaceous,  imbri- 
cated in  the  bud,  persistent.     Carpels  few,  many  ovuled. 

16     PiEONIA  Tourn.  Inst.  273  t.  146.  L.  Gen.  n.  678. 

Herbs  or  low  shrubs  with  tuberous  roots,  alternate,  triter- 
natel^  compoand  or  divided  leaves  and  large  solitary  flower*^ 
terniinating  the  steins  or  branches.     Sepals  5,  strongly  imbri- 


P^ONIA. 
BERBBRI8. 


BERBERIDACEAJ. 


27 


cated,  persistent.  Petals  5-10  or  more,  situated  with  the  sta- 
mens on  the  fleshy  perigynous  disk  that  is  udnate  to  the  sepals 
or  concave  receptacle.  Stamens  numerous.  Carpels  few  be- 
coming coriaceous  many-seeded  follicles.  Style  short  or  none. 
Seeds  anatropous,  oval  or  oblong,  naked  at  base  or  the  very 
short  fleshy  funiculus  cupulate;  embryo  straight  or  slightly 
arcuate. 

P.  Brownll  Doug,  in  Hook.  Fl.  i,  27.  (irlabrous  and  glaucous,  Htoms 
iis(^en«ling  or  at  Wngth  decumbent,  1-2  feet  long:  leaves  thick,  leaf- 
lets ternately  dissected  into  oblong  or  linear  lobes;  8e])als  green,  mostly 
unequal:  petals  scarcely  larger  than  the  sepals",  thick  and  leathery,  dark 
(lull  red :  follicles  oblong,  an  indi  or  more  long:  seeds  round  or  ol)long  2 
lines  in  diameter,  black  ami  shining.  Stony  hillsides,  Brit.  Columbia 
\i>  California. 

Order  IT.     BERRERIDACE/E  Kndl.  Gen.  S.-^l. 

Herbs  cr  shrubs  with  compound  or  divided  leaves  without 
stipules  and  perfect,  hypogynous  flowers.  Bracts  sepals  petals 
and  stamens  6  each  f  sepals  and  petals  wanting,  and  stamens  1) 
or  more  in  Achlys):  Anthers  2  celled  opening  by  uplifted 
valves  that  are  hiiiged  at  the  top.  Calyx  and  corolla  imbricated 
in  the  bud,  deciduous,  both  usually  colored  Pistil  1,  of  a 
single  carpel.  Style  short  or  none.  Seeds  anatropous,  with 
small  or  minute  embryo  in  firm -fleshy  or  horny  albumen. 

*  I'lowers  complete:  stamens  (5,  mostly  short. 

1  Berberis.    f^hrubs  with  rigid  oddjjinnate   leaves;   flowers    yellow,  in 
clustered  racemes:  fruit  a  few-seeded  berry. 

2  Vanconveria.  Herbs  with  ternately  comiiouud  leaves:  flowers  white  or 
yellow  in  a  panicle:  fruit  a  follicle. 

*  *  Flowers  without  sepals  or  petals:  stamens  9  or  more. 

3.    AchlySt    Flowers  spicate  on    a  scape,  without  bracts,  sepals  or  petals. 
Herbs  with  3-parted  leaves. 

1     BERBERIS,  Tourn.  Inst.  014,  t.  385,  L.  Gen.  n.  442. 

Smooth  shrubs  with  yellow  wood,  pinnate  leaves,  yellow  flow- 
ers in  clustered  bracketed  racemes,  and  oblong  oi  globose,  acid, 
dark  blue  berries.  Sepals  6,  petal-like,  with  6  closely  appressed 
bractlets  in  2  rows.  Petals  6,  opposite  the  sepals,  usually  2-gland- 
iilar  at  base.  Stamens  6,  opposite  the  petals.  Stigma  peltate. 
Fruit    a    1 -celled  berry,  with  1-3  seeds.     Ours  all  of 

§  Mahonia  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  .50.  Leaves  evergreen,  all  evolute, 
(none  reduced  to  spines)  and  3-  toseveral-tbliolate  ;  petioles  artic- 
ulated at  the  insertion  of  the  leaflets  :  leaflets  thick,  coriaceous. 
!<piny-toothed  :    filaments  usually  2-toothed  at  the  suuimit. 

*  Leaflets  pinnately  veined. 

B.  puinila  Greene  Pitt,  ii,  162.  A  few  inches  to  a  foo+ high,  stout  and 
rigid,  erect  from  the  base :  leaves  very  thick-coriaceous :  leaflets  1-5,  the 
terminal  one  round-ovate,  the  lateral  ones  obliquely  ovate,  all  coarsely 
toothed,  the  teeth  rigidly  spinescent,  conspicuouslyreticulate-veined  on 
both  faces,  pale  and  glaucous   beneath,  deep  but   dull  green  and  glaucee- 


I  ■' 


28 


BERBERIDACEiE. 


BRRBRRIH. 
VANCODVEBIA. 


cent  above  racemefl  nhort,  terminal  and  axillary ;  berries  small,  very 
glaucuuB.  Coaat  mountains  of  southern  Oregon  and  northern  Califor- 
nia. 

B.  repens  Lindl.  Bot.  Keg.  t.  1170.  Stems  stoutiHh  erect,  branching,  1-4 
feet  high  :  leafietH  few,  coriaceous,  light  green,  coarsely  spinose-tonthea :  rn- 
cenus  short,  in  terminal  and  axillary  clusters:  bud  scales  triangular, 
acute  :  fruit  glol)ose  to  oblong,  dark  blue .     Idaho  to  the  Itocky  Mountains . 

B.  nana  (ireene  Pitt,  iii,  98.  Low,  3-15  inches  high,  increasing  from 
underground  runners :  leaflets  <\-7j  rarely  more,  ovate  to  oblong,  acute  or 
obt  iHc,  1-2'^  inches  long,  not  shining  above :  racemes  few,  terminatinj: 
the  branches,  1-2  inches  lonjj;  bud-scales  triangtdar,  cuspidate  2  linen 
Ion".     Brit,  ('((lumbia  to  •  California,  Montana  and  New  Mexico. 

B.  Aqairoliam  Purnh  Fl.  i,  219  in  part.  Large,  2-10  feet  high :  leaf- 
lots  T)-!!,  oblong-(»viite,  acute,  spinulose  denttite,  1-3  inches  long,  green  an^l 
Hhiuing  above:  bud  scaloH  trianguliir,  acute,  ',\  lincH  long;  racemens  in  ter- 
minal and  axillary  clusters,  2-4  inches  long:  fruit  globose  to  oblong. 
Western  Washington  to  California. 

*  *    LeaHets  palmately  veined. 

Bi  nervosa  Pursh  1.  c.  t.  5.  Stems  simple,  a  foot  or  two  high,  from 
long  underground  shoots :  leaves  l-".i  feet  hmg,  of  11-17  ovate  acuminate 
«|tinuloHe-8errate  leaHets ;  hud  scales  long-acuminate,  10-12  lines  loi't',  per- 
siHti'Ut,  becoming  dry  and  rigid:  racemes  in  terminal  clusters,  ()-12  iuche.>' 
long.     In  Fir  forests*  from  Brit.  Columbia  to  California. 

2    VANCOUVERIA  Moir.   &  Detsne,  Ann.   I'-ci.  Nat.  per.  2,  ii,  315. 

Slender  perenoial  herbs  with  2-3-teruately  compourd  leaves 
and  white  or  yellow  flowers  in  open  paniculate  racemes  upon  u 
naked  scape.  Sepals  6,  obovate  reflexed,  soon  falling  witli  the 
6-9  oblong,  membranaceous  bracts.  Petals  6,  shorter  than  the 
sepals  and  opposite  thom,  linear-spatulate,  nectary-like  re- 
flexed.  Stigma  slightly  dilated.  Ovules  in  » wo  rows  upon  the 
ventral  suture.  Capsule  dehiscing  by  a  dorsal  valve  attached 
by  the  base,  persistent.  Seeds  oblong,  somewhat  curved,  with 
a  broad  attachment  and  prominent  arillus. 

V.  hexandra  Morr.  &  Decsne.  1.  c.  More  or  less  villous,  with  brown- 
isli  hairs,  1-2  feet  high,  from  long  ruDiiiii|;  rootstocks:  leaves  diffuse,  long 
pi^tioled  ;  leaflets  1-2  inches  Iroad,  petiolulate,  subcordate,  obtusely  .'i- 
lol)ed,  the  lobes  emarginate,  the  margin  thickened  and  often  undulate: 
scai)es  exceeding  the  leaves:  pedicels  an  inch  long  or  more,  recurved:  se])- 
als  2-3 lines  long:  carpels  4-0  lines  long,  gibbous-lanceolate,  with  a  slender 
beak,  smooth  or  slightly  glandular;  arilius  2-lobed,  more  than  half  cov- 
ering the  seed.     In  Fir  forests,  British  Columbia  to  California. 

V«  chrysantha  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  f^ci.  i,  00.  Stems  rusty-vil- 
lous  pubescent:  leaflets  evergreen,  tbickish,  8ub-3-lobed,  glabrous  ami 
reticulated  above,  whitened  and  pubescent  beneath,  margins  only  slightly 
crisped,  revolute  in  places:  inflorescence  sub-racemose,  .5-18  flowered,  cov- 
ered with  dense  dark  jjjlandular  pubescence  :  flowers  golden  yellow  ;  sepals 
3-4  lines  long;  ovules  7-8.  Eastern  base  of  the  Coast  Mountains  near 
Wal<lo,  Josephine  county,  Oregon. 

;  3     ACHYLS  DC.  Syst.  ii,  35. 

Smooth  perennial  herbs  with  one  radical  trifolilcate  leaf  and 
small  white  flowers,  crowden  in  a  naked  spike  terminating  the 
scape.  Stjpals  and  petals  none.  Stamens  9  or  more  in  3  or  more 


ACIILY8. 
BRA8ENIA. 


NYMPHiEACEiE. 


20 


rows.  Filaments  slender,  the  outer  ones  dilated  at  the  sum- 
mit. Stigma  sessile  dilated.  Ovule  solitary,  erect.  Fruit  at 
first  somewhat  fleshy,  at  length  dry  and  coriaceous  lunate-in- 
curved, dorsaliy  carinate,  ventrally  excavated  each  side  of  the 
fleshy  salient  suture  or  ventral   appendage.      Embryo  minute. 

A.  trlphvlla  DC.  Syst.  ii.  .35.  RootHtock  creeping,  clothed  with  glu- 
iiuiceouB  BcuU'fl:  leaves  ample, long-petioled, a  foot  ormore  high  from  a  Hoaly 
i)iiHe ;  leaflets  broadly  cuneate,  3-5  inches  long,  the  oiiU'r  margin  irregij- 
liirly  and  coarsely  8iniiate,very  fragrant  when  drying:  8ca|)e solitary, equal- 
ing or  surpassing  the  leaf.    In  Fir  forests,  Brit'  Columbia  to   California. 

Order  III.   NYMPH^ACE.1^.  Endl.  Gen.  858. 

Aquatic  perennial  herbs  with  trunk-like  horizontal  root- 
stocks  or  tubers.  Leaves  peltate  or  deeply  cordate  involute 
from  both  margins  in  the  bud.  Flowei  s  perfect,  solitary  on  long 
axillary  peduncles.  Stamens  numerous.  Ovules  on  the  bBck 
or  sides  of  the  carpels,  embryo  small  at  the  base  of  fleshy  albu- 
men, enclosed  in  a  fleshy  bag. 

1.  Brasenia*    Carpels  4-18,  in  a  cluster,  indehiscent,  2-seeded. 

2.  Nymphiea.    Carpel  only  one,  many-celled  and   many-seeded :  sepals  5- 
12,  concave. 


8. 


Castalia. 

4,  plain. 


Carpel  only  one,  many  celled  and  many-ovuled :  sepals  only 

1.    BRASENIA   Schreb.  Gen.  372. 

Aquatic  perennial  herbs  with  peltate  leaves  and  purple  flow- 
ers. Sepals  and  petals  nearly  alike,  nearly  oblong,  dull  dark 
purple  hopogynous  persistent, 3-4  of  each.  Stamens  12-18  hyp- 
ogynous.  Filaments  slender.  Anthers  oblong-linear.  Carpels 
11-18,  distinct,  tipped  with  the  linear  one-sided  stigma.  Fruit 
a  1-2  seeded  indeniscent  pod. 

B.  Schreberi  Gmel.  Syst.  Veg.  i,  854:  B.  'pellatajPursh.  Fl.  ii,  389. 
Stems  ascending  from  a  tuberous  rootstock :  leaves  floating  alternate  on  long 
slender  petioles,  elliptical,, centrally  peltate,  liglit  green  above,  red  and  when 
young  covered  with  a  clear  jelly-like  substance  bcineath;  flowers  6  lines 
long.      In  ponds,  Brit.  Columbia  to  California,  and  east  to  the  Atlantic. 

2 .     NYMPH.EA  Boerh .  Hort .  Acad .  Bat .  281 . 

Herbs  of  shallow  waters,  sending  up  large  and  mostly  rather 
leathery  cordate  leaves,  and  1-flowered  peduncles  from  large 
and  creeping  rootstocka  in  the  mud  beneath.  Sepals  5-13,.con- 
cave  and  roundish,  partly  colored.  Petals  numerous,  some  of 
the  inner  ones  resembling  sterile  stamens  persistent.  Stam- 
ens numerous,  short,  hj'pogynous,  densely  crowded  around  the 
ovary,  at  length  recurving,  persistent.  Anthers  truncate  at  the 
apex,  the  two  linear  cells  adnate  introrse.  Ovary  oblong  or 
ovate,  8-20  celled.  Stigma  sessile,  peltate ,  many-rayed.  Fruit 
ovoid  or  fla^k-shaped  indehiscent,  with  a  firm  rind  and  fleshy 
or  pulpy  interior.     Cells  many-seeded,  u,!  ,  ■.,■,■.,  nv.:,]  ,  •,  i::.  ,,n.,i 


SARRACENIACEiE. 


CAHTAMA. 
CIIKYHAMPHORA. 


* 


N.    udvenaAit.  H(trt     Kew.  ii.    22«;  Nuphar  advena,AU.f.      I^avisi 
floating  or  tnieiHcd  and  t-roct.  on    Hlout  and  half  cylindrical  petioles,  deeply  [ 
cordute  0-8  inclicH  in  dinnici« .  .  flowers  two  inches  in   diameter .  sepals  imii- 
ally  ({,  nneqiml :  petals  narr«)wly  oblonj?,  thick  and    fleshy,  truncate  8lio!t<i' 
tiiiln  theHtanienH:   anthers  longer  tiian    the  fliame  nts:   stigmal2-24-r:iye(l, 
the  margin  entire  or  rcpand:    finit  stronjily   furrowed,   ovoid-oblong.     (In  I 
BiilHilpino  pondH  about  Mount   Hood),   Oregon  to  Aiuslcu    theuce  eastward  j 
across  the  continent. 

Ni  polyscpula  (Jreene  Hull  Torr.  Ciub,  xv,  84.  Nuphar  polyHepahiw 
J'.vffflm.  Traun.  AcaiL  SI.  Loiiin,  ii,  Ji82.  Rescmblinj?  tlie  last  but  larger; 
leavesi  all  floating,  8-14  inches  in  diameter:  flowers  fragrant,  2-5  inches  in  | 
diameter:  M>))ids  8-12.  unequal:  petals  11-18.  dilated  and  unlike  the  stani- 
ens,  yelh'w:  fruit  globose,  1--3  inches  long.  In  ponds,  British  Cohinibia  to 
California. 

CASTA UA  Saiisb.  Parad.  Lend.  14. 

Perennial  acaulesccnt  herbs  with  thick  creeping  or  tuberous 
rootstocks,  rounded   cordate   leaves  and  snow  white   or  pink 
flowers  blooming  all  summer.    Sepals  4.  plain,  hypogynous,  iiei- 1 
bucoous  on  the  oater  and  somewhat  colored  on   the  inner  face. 
Petals  plain,  those  of  the  outermost  row  often  greenish  outside, 
all  oblong  or  lanceolate,  imbricated   over  and   their   bases  ad- 
nate  to  the  surface  of  the  7-85- celled  ovary:  innermost  reduced  | 
to  staminodes  or  imperfect    stamens    witli    petaloid  filaments. 
True  stamens  with  narrow  filaments  and  linear-oblong  anthers, 
inserted  around  the  broad  suiumic  of  the   ovarv.     Ovary  con- 1 
cave  and  umbonate,  lineate  with   as   many    radiate  stigmatic 
lines  as  there  are  carpels,  the  tips  of  the  latter  produced  into  I 
as  many  incurved  short  processes.     Surface  of  the  spongy-bac- 
cate fruit  bearing  the  basis  of  the  decaying  stamens  or  their 
Bears.     Seeds  enclosed  in  cellular-membranaceous  arillus. 

C.  Lelbergr!  Morong  Bot.  Gaz.  xiii,  124  t.  7.  Leaves  oval  with  rather  I 
open  binus  and  acutish  lobes,  entire  1)^-6  inches  long,  two-thirds  as  broad: 
flowers  white  \%-^  inches  in  diameter  when  fully  expanded:  sepals  an  inch 
long,  narrow,  obtuse:  petals  in  two  rows,  a  little  shorter  and  more  obtuse 
than  the  sepals:  stamens  in  3-4  rows  rimning  up  ihe  ovary  more  than  half 
Wrtv:  stigmatic  rays  7  or  8.  the  pvojecting  points  very  short  and  blunt.  In  I 
BQiali  ponds,  noithcrn  Idaho. 

Order  IV.  SARKACENIACE^  Endl.  Gen.  901. 

Bog    plants   with    pitcher-shaped  or  tubular  and  hooded  I 
leaves,  and  perfect,  polyandrous    hypog;  nous  flowers.      The 
persistent  sepals,  petals  and  cells  of  the  ovary  each  6.     Fruit  I 
a  many-seeded  cap.sule.     Embryo  small,  in  flesLj  albumen. 

CHRYSAMPHORA  Greene  Pitt,  ii,  191. 
,.        .     ,      DARLINGTONIA   Torr.  Smith,  contrib.  vi,4.t.  12. 

Calyx  without  bracts,  of  5  imbricated  narrowly  oblong  sepals. 
Petals  5,  ovate  oblong  with  a  small  ovate  tip.     Stamens  12-16  in  I 
a  single  row.    Filaments  subulate.     Anthers  oblong  of  2  unequal 
cells.     Ovary  top-shaped,   with  a  broad  concave  dilat  d  sum- 
mit, longer  than  tno  stamens,  5-celled,  the  cells  opposite  the  pet- 


CHRYHAMPIIORA. 
PI/ATYBTRMON. 


PAPAVERACKiE. 


31 


lals.     Style  Hhort,  with  5    short    linear  or   club-shaped    lobes, 
(iipsule  loculitddttlly  ')  valvod.     Seeds  very  nnmerouH|oboYate- 
U'lttvate,  thickly  beset  with  soft  slender  projections. 

v.  Callforiilca  (Ireoiu'  1  c  A  Hinontli  |K'rt'nniiil  ht'rh  of  )?rcoMiHh 
ivi  IIdwIhh!,  from  lon^  crovpinK  rootstocks,  leavos  tubular  gradually  onlarg- 
iii^'  upwards  to  a  vaulted  vcntricosc  hood  wliioh  terniinateH  in  a  fork«d  de- 
ll.xt'd  appt'iidajrc,  under  wliicli  i^  the  contrarted  rounded  orittcc,  the  ven- 
|tiul  edge  winj^ed:  HeapeH  2-8  tcct  liijjli  bearing  several  nienihtai>a('eouH  brnctrt; 
iiiiil  a  solitary  noddinf  fl(>wer;  wpals  dull  yellow  1-2  inohen  long,  much 
loiiger  than  the  brown,  HDottetl  with  yellow  petals.  In  bogs,  soutnweHtern 
[Oregon  and  northern  Cialiforniu. 

OuDKR  V.  PAl'AVERACE/E  Endl.  Gen.  854. 

Herbaceous  or  rarely  shrubby  plants,  with  milky  or  colored 
I  juice.  Leaves  mostly  alternate,  without  stipules.  Peduncle  1- 
fli)wered.  Sepals,  petals  and  stamens  hypogynous.  Sepals  "2 
()r  ii.  Petals  twice  as  many,  in  two  sets,  imbricated  and  usu- 
ally crumpled  in  the  bud.  Stamens  indefinite.  Capsule  1-celled 
with  parietal  placenta'.  Seeds  anatropous,  with  minute  embryo 
ill  copious  albumen.  Platy.stemon  is  exceptional  in  having  the 
several  capels  distinct  or  at  least  early  separting  and  forming 
Hs  many  torulose  pods,  and  Eschscholtzia  has  colorless  juice 
I  in  the  herbage. 

TuiHE  I.    Annunls  with   opposite  entire  leaves.    Sepals  usually 
I  three,  distinct. 

|l.  PlatyRteinoii.    Filaments  very  broad;  carj^els  many,  distinct  or  soon 
becoming  so. 

\i,  Platystigiiia.    Filaments  slightly  dilated  or  filiform,  ovary  8-ovuled. 

{8.  Canbya.     Filaments  shorter  than   the  anthers,   persistent;  ovary  3- 
valved. 

Tribe  ii.     Annual   or   ])erenni;(      herbs.      Sepals   completely 
I  united  into  a  narrow  cap  which  falls  otl  entire  from  a  top-shaped 
receptacle.  ,         ,  .  -  ^       »■   .  .       ..  '■ 

1 4.   Eseh^choItiiU.     Ptigma    loben   4-6,   subulate,    unequal;    style  very 
short:  capsule  linear,  2-valve<l. 

1  PLATYOTEMOK  Benth.  Trans.  Hort.  Poc.  ser.  2,  i,  405. 

Low  annual  with  mostly  opposite  or  whorled,  entire  leaves 
I  and  long-peduncled  yellow  llowers  that  are  nodding  in  the  bud. 
Sepals  8,  distinct.  Petals  6,  in  two  series.  Stamens  many  with 
[broad  flattened  filaments  and  linear  anthers.  Carpels  6--18,  each 
soveral-ovuled,  at  fiist  all  united  in  a  circle  into  a  deeply,  pluri- 
sulcate,  compound  ovary  by  as  many  ])arietal  placentte,  in  fruit 
separating  and  closing  into  as  many  torulose,  narrow  follicles 
I  which  when  mature  are  disposed  to  break  up  transversely  into  a 
few  1-seeded  joints. 

P.    Californioa  Benth.  1.  c.    Stems   slender,  branching    from  the  base 
fi-12  inches  high,  hispid  with  long  spreading  hairs:  leaves  1-4  inches  long, 
laesaile    or  clasping,  broadly  linear,  obtuse:  peduncles  3-8  inches  long: 


II  ' 


PAPAVERACEiE. 


PLATYBTIGMA. 
CAMBYA. 


sepals  hispid :  petals  pale  yellow  shading  to  orange  in  the  center,  3-6  linos 
long,  tardily  deciduous,  at  length  loosely  closing  over  the  forming  fruit ; 
carpels  aggregated  into  an  oblong  head,  5-10  lines  long,  beaked  with  the 
linear  persistefnt  stigmas,  the  one-seeded  divisions  a  line  long:  seeds 
smooth.    Southern  Ore<»on  near  the  sea  to  California. 

2.  PLATYSTIGMA    Benth.  1.  c.  406. 

Low  and  slender  annuals  with  verticillate  or  opposite  entire 
leaves  and  long-peduncled  white  or  yellow  flowers  in  spring. 
Sepals  2  or  3.  distinct.  Petals  4  or  6,  in  two  series,  deciduous. 
Stamens  6—12,  rarely  4,  with  narrow  filaments.  Carpels  3,  rarely 
4,  wholly  combined  into  a  somewhat  3-lobed,  or  angled,  or  nearly 
terete  ovary,  having  as  many  strictly  parietal  placenta?.  Stigmas 
ovate  to  subulate.    Seeds  smooth  and  shining. 

P.  llneare  Benth.  1.  c.  407.  Somewhat  villous  with  spreading  hairg, 
6-12  inches  high,  the  stems  usually  very  short  and  leafy:  leaves  all  linear 
sessile,  1-2  inches  long:  jjetals  yellow,  4-6  lines  long:  stamens  numerous 
wiiii  oblong-linear  anthers:  capsule  half  inch  long,  obovoid  or  clavate- 
ovoid,  crowned  with  the  3  broaa  and  obtuse  spreading  introrsely  stigma 
tose  stigmas. — Valleys  and  low  hills,  Oregon  to  central  California. 

P.  Oreganum  Watson,  Bibl.  Index  43.  Smooth,  1-3  inches  or  more  high 
with  spreading  branches  or  peduncles :  leaves  a  quarter  to  at  most  an  inch 
long,  lower  round  to  spatulate,  on  long  wing-margined  petioles ;  upi)er 
leaves  spatulate  to  linear  2-4  lines  long,  verticillate  or  opposite :  flowers  on 
long  filiform  peduncles,  opening  at  night  only :  petals  white  1-2  lines  long; 
stamens  4-6,  with  filiform  filaments  and  oblong  anthers :  stigma  subulate ; 
capsule  linear,  8-10  lines  long,  the  thin  valves  commonly  twitted  in  age. 

In  open  places,  Hood  River  and  the  Willamette  valley  to  the  borders  of 
California. 

3.  CANBYA  Parry  in  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xii,  51,  t.  1. 

Little  annuals  with  alternate  entire  leaves  and  numerous  fili- 
form, one-flowered  scapes.  Sepals  3.  Petals  6,  searrious-maroe?- 
cent  and  persistent,  closing  over  the  capsule  till  the  fruit  is  grown. 
Stamens  6  or  9  :  filninents  shorter  than  the  oblong-linear  anthers. 
Capsule  ovoid,  strictly  1-celled,  3-6-valved  from  above ;  valves 
alternating  with  as  many  nerviform  placentae.  Style  none.  Stig- 
mas 3  oblong-linear,  opposite  the  3  nerviform  placentae  and  re- 
curved-appressed  to  them.  Seeds  neither  crested  nor  carunculatc. 

C.  anrea  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxi,  445.  Stems  1-2  inches  high ; 
leaves  fleshy,  linear,  1-3  lines  long,  glabrous  or  sparingly  pubescent,  all 
clustered  at  the  base  of  the  stem :  scape-like  peduncles  few  to  several,  half 
to  an  inch  or  more  long :  flowers  bright  yellow ;  petals  ovate,  1}4  lines  long, 
deciduous.     On  the  Sage  Plains  southwest  of  Prineville,  Oregon. 

4.  ESCHSCHOLTZIA,  Cham,  in  Nees.  Horse.  Phys.  Berol.  73,  t.  15. 

Smooth  herbs  with  colorless  (or  of  the  root  red,  J  bitter  juice, 
finely  dissected  alternate  petioled  leaves,  and  bright  yellow  flow- 
ers i)i  summer,  usually  only  opening  in  bright  sunshine.  Sepals 
2,  completely  united  into  a  conical  calyptra  and  is  detached  anil 
pushed  off"  by  the  expansion  of  the  petals.  Petals  4.  Stamen 
numerous,  with  short  filaments  and  linear  anthers.  Ovary  linear, 
strictly  1-celled,  with  two  nerviform  placentfe.   Style  very  short 


K8CH8CHOLT 
BICUCULLA, 

tigma  divide 
longated,  str 
y  from  the  b 
il)8 :  many  sc 
ato. 

E.  Dongrlasl 

--2  feet  high,  r 
y  divided  into 
,ter,  on  pedicel 
ule  2-3  inches 
ivcr  banks.  Or 

E.  hypecoid( 

(lender,  panicu 
lately  5-foliolal 
)ver  an  inch  in 
nit  little  dilate 
ine  in  diamete 
Onopenhillsidi 

Ord: 

Tender  her 
eaves,  and  y 
hyaline.  Pe 
diadelphous. 
Jeeds  anatro] 

1  Bicnculla 

similar. 

2  Corydalls. 


Smooth  p( 
ranean  base, 
pound  leave 
small  and  S( 
base,  of  two 
spurred  at  bj 
spoon-shapec 
hollowed  tips 
which  contai 
the  filaments 
2-celled ;  the 
ma  2-lobed ; 
narrow,  1-ce 
the  valves  at 

B.  formosa. 

scapes  from  th 
span  to  a  foot  ( 
the  ultimate  di 
racemes  at  the 
rounded  some^ 


ITIOMA. 
BYA. 

r,  3-6  lines 
nin^  fruit; 
d  with  the 
ong:  seeds 


site  entire 
spring, 
leciduous, 
8  3,  rarelv 
or  nearly 
.  Stigmas 

ding  hairB 
B  all  linear 
numerous, 
or  clavate- 
sely  stigma- 
ia. 

r  more  high 
lost  an  inch 
ales;  upi)er 
flowers  on 
lines  long 
%  subulate : 
>ed  in  age, 
!  borders  of 


K8CHSCHOLTZIA. 
BICUCULLA. 


FUMARIACEiE. 


88 


ti^ma  divided  into  4-6  linear  unequal,  divergent  lobes.  Capsule 
lougated,  strongly  10-nerved,  dehiscent  the  whole  length,  usual- 
y  from  the  bottom,  by  two  valves  separating  from  the  placental 
'il)s :  many  seeded.  Seeds  globular,  veticulated  or  rough  tubercu- 

ato. 

E.  Donglasli  Benth.  PI.  flartw.  296.  Perennial,  smooth  and  glaucous, 
--2  feet  hi^h,  rather  stout  and  branching :  leaves  ternate  to  triternate,  fine- 
y  divided  into  oblong-iinear  lobes :  flowers  bright  yellow,  2  inches  in  diam- 
,ter,  on  pedicels  4-6  inches  long :  torus  dilated  and  broadlv  rimmed :  cap- 
sule 2-3  inches  long,  curved:  seeds  reticulated.  Gravelly  hillsides  and 
iiver  banks,  Oregon  and  Caliiornia. 

K.  hypecoides,  Ben tli.  Trans.  Hort.  Soc.  Ser.  2,  i,  408.  Annual:  stems 
ilender,  paniculately  branched  from  the  base:  leaves  small,  mostly  pin- 
lately  5-ioliolate ;  leaflets  finely  divided  into  linear  lobes :  flowers  small,  not 
)ver  an  inch  in  diameter,  light  yellow,  on  peduncles  1-3  inches  long;  torus 
Hit  little  dilated,  and  very  narrowly  rimmed:  capsule  1-2  inches  long  by  a 
ine  in  diameter,  tipped  with  filiform  stigmas :  seeds  reticulate  rugose. 
On  openhillsides  near  Wolf  Creek,  Josephine  county,  Oregon,  to  California. 


.  1. 

eroUB  fili- 
s-marcep- 
is  grown, 
■  anthers, 
3 ;  valves 
tne.  Stig 
and  re 
unculate 

ches  high : 

descent,  all 

iveral,  half 

lines  long, 

3,  t.  15. 


petals 


tter  J  nice, 
low  flow- 
i.  Sepals 
ched  and 
Stamen 
ry  linear, 
ry  short; 


Order  VI.  FUMARIACE.E,  DC,  Syst.  ii,  105. 

Tender  herbs  with  watery  and  bland  juice, dissected  compound 
eaves,  and  perfect  hypogynous  flowers.  Sepals  2,  small  and 
hyaline.  Petals  4,  one  or  two  of  them  spurred.  St^^amens  6, 
diadelphous.       Capsule   one-celled  with  two   parietal   placenta. 

eeds  anatropous,  with  minute  embryo  in  copious  albumen. 

1  BicacuUa.    Corolla  2-spurred:  the  two   outer    and     larger 
similar. 

2  Corydalis*    Corolla  with  only  one  of  the  outer  petals  spurred. 

1   BICUCULLA  Adans.  Fam.  PI.  ii.  23. 
DICENTRA  Bernh.  Linnsea,  viii,  557,  468. 

Smooth  perennials  with  tuberiferous  or  granuliferous  subter- 
ranean base,  or  running  rootstocks,  ternately  or  pinnately  com- 
pound leaves  and  racemous  or  paniculate  flowers.  Sepals  2, 
small  and  scale-like.  Corolla  flattened  and  cordate,-  at  least  at 
base,  of  two  pairs  of  petals,  the  outer  pair  larger,  saccate  or 
spurred  at  base,  the  tips  spreading ;  the  inner  much  narrower, 
spoon-shaped,  mostly  carinate  or  crested  on  the  back ;  the  small 
hollowed  tips  slightly  united  at  the  apex,  the  two  forming  a  cavity 
which  contains  the  anthers  and  stigma.  Stamens  6,  in  two  sets ; 
the  filaments  slightly  adhering  in  the  middle :  the  middle  anther 
2-celled ;  the  latei*al  ones  1-celled.  Style  slender  persistent :  stig 
ma  2-lobed  ;  each  lobe  sometimes 
niirrow,  1-celled,  with  2  filiform 
the  valves  at  maturity  separate. 


2-crested  or  horned.     Capsule 
parietal  placentae,  from  which 


B.  formosa.  Dicentra  (Diclytra)  formosa  DC.  Syst.  ii,  109.  Stems  and 
jgoapes  from  the  apex  of  thickish  and  almost  naked  creeping  rootstock,  a 
jspan  to  a  foot  or  niore  high:  leaves  twice  or  thrice  ternately  compound, 
|t"e  ultimate  divisions  narrow  and  incisely  pinnatifid :  flowers  in  compound 
I  racemes  at  the  summit  of  the  naked -scapes :  corollas  ovate-cordate  with 
Ironnded  somewhat  connivent  spurs  and  snort  spreading  tips  to  the  larger 


JxV 


on 


01  bo, 


Ctn"»' 


M 


FUMARIACEA'. 


BICOCULLA. 
CORYDALI8. 


•if 


petals :  crests  of  the  inner  petals  little  surpassing  their  tips :  all  the  petaljl 
united  up  to  above  the  middle. 

B.  Cncnllarla  Millsp.  Bull,  W.  Va.  Agr.  Exp.  iSta.  ii,  ?27,  Leavei 
usually  2  to  each  stem,  long  petioled,  triternately  decompound,  the  prinij 
ary  and  secondary  divisions  petiolate,  ultimate  divisions  laciniately  pinj 
natifid  with  oblong-linear  mucronulate  lobes :  scapes  6-10  inches  hi>,'li,l 
from  a  kind  of  scaly,  fleshy  bulb  composed  of  the  triangular  bases  of  fornietl 
leaves ;  several  flowered ;  corolla  white  with  yellowish  tips,  the  spiml 
divergent,  short  and  rounded,  not  longer  than  the  pedicel:  crest  of  tbl 
inner  petals  small,  semi-oval,  bladdery.  Along  the  Columbia  river  frnml 
below  the  Cascades  to  Idaho,  and  the  Eastern  States.  Ours  differs  from  the| 
eastern  plant  in  hairing  much  shorter  and  rounded  spurs. 

B.  oniflora.  Dicentra  uniflora,  Kelt.  Proc.  Cal.  Acad,  Sci.  iv,  141\ 
leaves  ternately  or  somewhat  pinnately  divided,  the  3-7  divisions  pinnatil 
fid  into  a  few  spatulate  lobes:  scapes  3-5  inches  high,  from  a  fascicle  oil 
narrow-fusiform  and  perpendicular  fleshy  tubers,  2-3  bracted,  and  1--2| 
flowered :  outer  petals  merely  gibbous-saccate  at  base,  their  spatulate- 
linear  recurving  tips  much  longer  than  the  body ;  inner  petals  with  laminai 
dilated  and  h"state  at  base  directly  from  the  oblong-linear  claw.  Oiil 
Mount  Adams,  Washington,  to  the  Sierra  Nevada  in  California,  audi 
Wyoming  and  Utah. 

B.  pattClfflora»  Dicentra  'pauciftora  Watson  Bot.  Cal.  ii,  4^9.  ScapesI 
and  leaves  very  slender,  4-8  inches  high,  from  running  tuberiferous  root[ 
stocks:  leaves  small,  2~3-ternate,  with  narrow  segments:  flowers  1~3,  8-121 
lines  long,  the  short  stout  straight  spurs  not  diverging :  sj)reading  orj 
reflexed  tips  of  the  outer  petals  3-4  lines  long;  inner  petals  with  Iv  ■  latel 
claw  abruptly  contracted  at  apex  into  a  short  stalk  which  abruptly  dilatepi 
into  the  elongate-spatulate  lamina.  In  the  Siskiyou  mountains  Southerii| 
Oregon,  to  Tulare  County,  California,  near  perpetual  snow*    > 

CORYDALIS  Vent.  Cels.  t.  19. 

Herbs  with  variousl)'^  decompound  alternate  leaves  and  white,  i 
rose-colored  or  yellow  flowers  in  racemes  opposite  the  leaves  oi  | 
terminal.  Corolla  with  only  one  of  the  petals  spurred  or  gih-l 
bous  and  nectariferous,  by  tortion  becoming  posterior,  all  erect| 
and  connivent  up  to  the  short  tips  of  the  outer  ones.  Filaments 
with  a  nectariferous  spur-like  process  at  the  base.  Style  mostly | 
persistent. .  Capule  few-many-seeded.  Seeds  with  a  concave  aril- 
liform  crest.  I  retain  Corydalis  because  no  other  name  has  been] 
settled  on  for  this  genus. 

§  1.  Perennials  from  thickened  roots  with  ample  leaves  and! 
many-flowered  racemes.     Stigma  with  6  lobes  or  processes,  ont| 
pair  terminal,  one  medial  and  one  basal.  Capsule  oval  or  oblong, 
rather  few-seeded. 

C.  Sconlerl    Hook.  Fl.  1,  63  t.  14.    Stems  simple  2-4  feet  high,  with  2-4 1 
cauline  leaves  from  a  large  and  thickened  running  scaly-jointod  rootstock : 
leaves  very  large,   pinnately  decompound;  ultimate  lealUets,   oblong  toj 
oblong-lanceolate,  entire  or  the  teminal  one  deeply  3-lobed :  flowers  rose- 
colored,  peduncles,  1-2  inches  long  in  a  loose  raceme;  spurs  stout,  2-3 1 
times  as  long  as  the  balance  of  the  flower:  pedicels  strongly  curved  down- 
wards after  flowering,  stigma  2-lobed  at  the  base. 

C.  Cnsickll    Watson   in  Coult.  Man.  Rocky  Mt.  Reg.  14.  Stems  2-3  feet  | 
high,  from  strong  perennial  roots,  leafy;  leaves  bipinnately  divided,  the 
oblong  oval  leaflets  acute  at  each  end,  half  to  an  inch  long:  rac?me  term- 
inal, dense;  flowers  white  or  purplish  with  tips  of  inner  petals  violet,  an 


(ORYDALIS. 

Ich  or  less  lon( 
If  llower ;  hoc 
Voiul  thin  mari 
|l  crest :  capsu 
Inspicuous  orl 
H^le  creek  Mo 

5;  2.     Bien 
socted  lea\ 

Ic.  anrea   W 

llden  yellow  a 
Iceme :  spur  bi 
Jeils  turgid  ob 
|ofkv  banks,  e: 
Dvth'ern  New 

Ir.  montana 

lelu'8  long :  lea 
ieiiiiatiJ-toothe 
liiiii  the  rest  o 
hit'ly  marginc 
\\\  Idaho  and  ] 

Ori 

llorb?  rare 
[)riii  corolla  t 

li(ivie)  with 
his.  Sepals  ' 
larrow  claws 
Ivo  of  them  i 
lian  the  othe 
■cross  from  t 
liulivided  or 
ju'rous,  camp 

hluiis  either 
lent,  with  the 
londu  plicate. 
InHorescence 
Iwith  rare  ex 

Series  i.  1 
|ii  Brassica), 

Tribe  i. 

irly  dehisce 

[rismatic,  sh 

*  Pods  m 

Parrya.    P 

central  ne: 

winged . 

Chciranthi 

linear,  wit 

vex  and  m 

*  »  Pods  g 

to  the  partit 


(ORYDALIS. 


CRUCIFER.E. 


SS 


Ich  or  lesB  long,  the  nearly  straight  spur  fully  iwice  as  long  as  the  rest  of 
le  llower ;  hood  of  the  outer  petals  emarginate  by  the  development  of 
toiid  thin  margins  which  are  recurved  over  the  narrow  and  undulate  dor- 
|1  crest:  capsule  oblong,  turgid,  6  lines  long:  seeds  nearly  smooth,  with  a 
Inspicuous  orbicular  carunculate  crest.  Along  alpine  streams,  Blue  and 
tigle  creek  Mountains,  eastern  Oregon  to  western  Idaho. 

!j  2.     Biennials,  mostly  branched  from  the  base,  with  finely 
;sected  leaves  and  siliquiform  capsule. 

Ic.  anrea  Willd.  Enum.  710.  Commonly  low  and  spreading:  flowers 
kdon  yellow  about  half  an  inch  long,  on  rather  slender  pedicels  in  a  short 
[ci'ine :  spur  barely  half  the  length  of  the  body  when  dry,  10-12-8eeded. 
fci'ds  turgid  obtuse  at  margin,  the  shining  surface  obscurely  reticulated. 
loiky  banks,  eastern  Oregon  to  Brit.  Columbia,  Lower  Canada  and 
jrtliern  New  England  (Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  i,  97). 

|(\  montana  Engelm.  in  Gray,  PI.  Fend.  8.  Stems  decumbent,  6-12 
Idu'S  long:  leaves  pinnate,  leaflets  5-7  parted,  the  divisions  irregularly 
iciiiiatL'-toothed :  flowers  yellow,  in  short-peduncled  racemes ;  spur  shorter 
iui  the  rest  of  the  flower:  capsule  4-angled,  deflexed  in  fruit:  seeds 
piiti'ly  margined  muricate.  From  the  Blue  Mountains  of  Oregon  to  west- 
hi  Idaho  and  Mexico. 

Order  VII.   CRUCIFER.5i:   Endl.  Gen.  861. 

Herbs  rarely   suffrutescent,  with  pungent  watery  juice,  oruci- 

Dnii  corolla  tetradynamous   stamens  and  2-celIed  pod  (silicle  or 

li(liie)  with  two  parietal  piacentie.     Flowers  perfect  hypogyn- 

is.    Sepals  4,  often  colored,  deciduous.    Petals  4,  usually  witli 

liirrow  claws  and  spreading  lamina,  rarely  wanting.    Stamens  (i, 

Ivo  of  them  inserted  lower  down  on  the  receptacle  and  shorter 

jiiin  the  other  4.    Ovary  2-celled  by  a  partition  which  stretches 

icross  from  the  placenta;  or  the  partition,  rarely  wanting.    Style 

ludivided  or  none  :  stigma  entire  or  2-lobed.     Ovules  few  or  nu- 

[icrous,  camplytropous.     Seeds  smooth,  without  albumen.  Coty- 

pdons  either  accumbent  applied  edgewise  to  the  radical  or  incum- 

Icnt,  with  the  radical  against  the  hack  of  one  of  them  or  sometimes 

londu plicate,  plicately  folded  and  partly  enveloping  the  radical. 

Iiitiorescence  racemose  orspicate  or  somewhat  corymbose   and 

jwith  rare  exceptions)  cbracteate.  " , 

Series  i.  Pods  2-valved,  dehiscent  their  whole  length  (except 
|ii  Brassica),  not  compressed  contrary  to  the  partition. 

Tkibe  I.  Fruit  completely  or  incompletely  2-celled,  regu- 
uly  dehiscent,  flattened  parallel  to  a  broad  partition,  terete,  or 
[lismatic,  short  or  long. 

*  Pods  more  or  less  strongly  compressed  parallel  to  the  partition. 
I'arrya.    Pods  lanceolate,  acuminate ;  valves  flat,  with  a  prominent 
central  nerve  and  reticulated:  seeds  in  1  row  in  each  cell,  large,  not 
winged . 

Cheiranthnst  Pods  strongly  compressed,  1-4  inches  long,  broadly 
linear,  with  flat  l-nerved  valves  or  narrow  and  quadrangular  with  con- 
vex and  more  or  less  distinctly  keeled  valves. 

*  *  Pods  globose  terete  or  prismatic,  at  least  not  compressed  parallel 
to  the  partition. 


36 


CRUCIFER^. 


['II 


m 


■■)»; 


'W- 


fi  i 


it 


l^   Nastartinm.    Pods  short,  turgid,  little  compressed,  nerveless. 

4  Boripa.    Pods  terete  or  nearly  so,  with  nearly  or  quite  nerveless,  tl 

valves. 

5  Bartoarea*    Pods  linear,  elongated,  somewhat  tetragonal:  seeds  in| 

row  in  each  cell. 

0   Arabis.    Pods  linear  with  more  or  less  1-nerved  flat  valves  and  tliii 
partition :  seeds  in  1  row  in  each  cell,  flattened  and  more  or  less  vfiw/v 

*  *  *  Pods  oblong  or  linear,  compressed  parallel  to  the  partition,  sePHili 

7  Streptiinthus.     Pods  oblong  to  narrowly  linear,  compressed  parallel  ti 

the  partition,  sessile  upon  the  enlarged  receptacle :  valves  flat,  neivi 
less,  seeds  flat,  more  or  less  winged :  cotyledons  accumbent. 

8  Canlanthus.    Pods  narrowly  linear,   somewhat  flattened  or  subtchui 

sessile :  valves  1-nerved  and  often  reticulate-veined :  cotyledons  incninj 
bent. 

9  Dentaria.    Pods  linear,    with  nerveless    flat    valves  and    riervele 

partition :  seeds  in  1  row  in  each  cell  wingless. 

10  Cardamlne.    Pod  linear  with  thin  flat  nerveless  valves,  and  winglcsi 
seeds  in  1  row  in  each  cell. 

Tribe  ii.  Pod  a  silicle,  2-celled,  completely  dehiscent,  stronil 
compressed  parallel  to  the  broad  partition  or  very  turgid  wii 
broad  partition  and  almost  hemispherical  valves,  or  didymous.  i 
strongly  obcompressed.     Pubescence  stellate. 

*  Pods  strongly  compressed  parallel  to  the  broad  partition. 

11  PUIysperniura.    Pods  suborbicular,  very  strongly  compressed  parallel 
to  the  broad  partition :  seeds  in  2  rows  in  each  cell,  broadly  winged. 

*  *  Pods  turgid  with  broad  partition. 

12  Lescinerella.  Pods  subglobose:  partition  suborbicular:  seeds  flattens 

**  *  Pods  didymous  with  narrow  partition. 

13  Phyiiaria.    Silicle  didymous  or  obcompressed,  partition  narrow-el  lip 
tical :  cells  several-seeded. 

*  «  «  ♦  Fruit  orbicular  or  nearly  so,  2-celled,  dehiscent,  2-several-sceded : 
fllaments  often  dilated  and  toothed  or  appendaged  near  the  base. 

14  Psilonema.    Capsule  with  valves  convex,  pubescence  stellate. 

»  «  «  »    Fruit  oblong  elliptic  or  lanceolate,  rarely  linear,  2-celled, 
dehiscent,  a-sveral-seeded :  stamens  unappendaged. 

15  Erophlla.  Flowers  white :  petals  deeply  2-lobedorp.:  ted:  pods  liiu'ar| 
to  oblong,  many-seeded . 

IH    Draba.    Sepals    short  and  broad,  equal  at  the  base :  petals  entire  iir| 
emarginate. 

17    Cochlearla.     Pods  (in  ours)  very  turgid  and  appearing  obcomprespedj 
with  distintly  1-nerved  valves. 

Tribe  III.    Pods  longitudinally  2-celled,  dehiscent,  from  liiicarj 
to  lance-oblong  or  elliptic,  always  longer  than  br<tad. 

IS   Sophia.     Pods  ascending  or  somewhat  spreading,  on  slender  pediirlsl 
oblong-linear,  subterete,  i'iss  than  an  inch  long. 

1J>    Erysimum.    Pods  subsessile,  erect,  appressed  to  the  rachis,  subuluti", 

20  Smelowsitia.    Pods  lanceolate  to  lance-oblong,  more  or  less  olKionil 

pressed  with  sharply  keeled  valves. 

21  Solioenoerambe.    Pods  slender,  terete,  somewhat  torulose. 


CRUCIFER^ . 


87 


Tribe  iv.   Fruit  longitudinally  2-celled,  dehiscent,  elongated, 
icte  or  prismatic  or  compressed  parallel  to  the  partition. 

Tlielypodinm.  Pods  slender,  terete  or  quadrangular,  often  torulose, 
(in  a  snort  thick  stipe:  valves  1-nerved:  cotyledons  incumbent. 

Stanleya.  Pods  terete  or  subterete,  on  a  slender  elongated  stipe :  valves 
1-nerved:  cotyledons  incumbent. 

Tkibe  V.  Pods  short,  scarcely  longer  than  broad,  turgid  or  ob- 
Mupressed.     Cotyledons  incumbent. 

Uraya*  Pods  oblong  to  linear-oblong  with  flattish  or  convex  faintly- 
nerved  but  nc*  keeled  valves. 

Camelinat  Silicle  obovoid,  2-celled  and  many-seeded,  with  somewhat 
firm  strongly  convex  valves,  and  thin  obovate  partition. 

Hnbalaria.    Silicle    turgid,   subglobose,  pyriform  or  short,  fusiform, 
dehiscent,  several-seeded :  cotyledons  incumbent :  aquatic  herbs  with 
subulate  leaves. 

Tkibe  vi     Pods  long  or  short,   dehiscent  their  whole  length  or 
[le  apex  indehiscent     Cotyledons  longitudinally  conduplicate. 

Brassica^   Pods  slender  and  longitudinally  dehiscent  to  near  the  apt'x. 

Series  it.  Pods   short,   dehiscent  their  whole  length.     Valve3 
ore  or  less  obcompressed,  the  partition  usually  narrow. 

Tribe  vii.     Pod  a  2-celled    silicle,    strongly  obcompressed  or 
nrL'id.   Pubescence  wholly  simple  or  none. 

Bnrsa.    Pods  obcordate,  reversed  deltoid  in  outline. 
Hntchinsia.    Pods  elliptical,  entire  at  the  apex. 

Coronopns.  Pods  more  or  less  distinctly  didymous  with  thickish 
valves,  falling  off  as  closed  or  nearly  closed  l-seeded  nutlets :  terres- 
trial herbs  but  growing  in  wet  places. 

Lepidinm.  Pods  strongly  obcompressed ;  with  usually  l-seeded  cells : 
cotyledons  incumbent.  Terrestrial  herbs. 

Thlaspi*  Pods  strongly  obcompressed,  dehiscent ;  cells  2  to  several 
seedea:  cotyledons  accuml)ent.  Glabrous  terrestrial  herbs. 

Series  hi.     Pods  short,  [rarely  long],  usually  crustaceous  and 
^idurated,  indehiscent,  1-2-celled,  with  1-2  seeds  in  each  cell.    •  ■.- 

Tribe  ix.     Pods  orbicular  to  elliptical.     Ovule  suspended. 

Heterodraba.  Pods  short-elliptical,  twisted,  not  margined,  very  tardi- 
ly dehiscent,  by  a  very  filmy  partition  2-celled. 

Athysanus.  Pods  orbicular,  not  margined,  uncinate-hispid,  indehis- 
cent: ovary  1-celled,  3-4-ovuled  but  only  one  maturing. 

|5  Thysanocarpns.    Pods  orbicular  to  obovate,  wing-margined,  1-celled 
indehiscent:  o\ary  1-ovuled:  pubescence  simple. 

Series  iv.     Pods   elongated,   indehiscent,  1-celled  and   many- 
jeeded,  or  many -celled  with  1  seed  in  each  cell. 

Tribe  x.     Pods  elongated,  terete  or  somewhat  prismatic,  often 
lorose,  multicellular  and  indehiscent. 


p6  Raphanus. 

ed  pod. 


Fruit  an  indehiscent  multicellular  or  transversely  divid- 


as 


CRUCIFERiE. 


PARRYA. 
CHEIUANTHUS. 


CHEIRAXTHI 


Tribe  1.  Arahideae  DC^  Stigma  when  lohed  pidonged  over  tm 
placentie.  Pods  ^-celled,  sov^etimea  incompletely  so,  regularly  dm 
scent,  flattened  parallel  to  a  broad  partition  or  terete.  Cotyledo\ 
accumbent  (incumbent  to  convolute  in  Chieranthus). 

1     PARRYA    R.Br,  in  Parry  Voy.App.  268. 

Low  perennial  herbs  with  mostly  radical  entire  or  tootlul 
soincAvhat  fleshy  leaves,  and  rose-colored  or  purple  flowers.  So/ 
als  erect,  equal  or  the  lateral  ones  saccate  at  base.  Petals  spatJ 
late  unguiculate.  Anthers  usually  linear.  Style  short;  stigiiJ 
lobes  connate.  Pods  compressed,  the  valves  plane,  1-nervef 
Seeds  in  1  or  2  rows  in  the  cells,  large,  somewhat  compresf^eij 
orbicular.    Cotyledons  various. 

P.  Menzlesii  Greene  Bull.  Torr.  Club  xiii,  143.  Phcenicavlis  Cheirantln\ 
des  Niitt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1,  89.  Cheiranthua  Menzie»ii  Watson  Bat.  King,  ll 
Oaudex  stout  and  branching,  the  branches  densely  clothed  with  the  persisi 
ent  petioles  of  former  seasons :  radical  leaves  spatulate  or  oblanceolatj 
entire,  1-4  inches  long,  persistent,  canesccnt,  with  a  dense  stellate  pubescil 
nee,  the  petioles  nearly  glabrous :  scape-like  stems  several  from  each  brami 
of  the  caudex,  twice  longer  than  the  radical  leaves,  nearly  glabrous,  oftel 
leaf y-bracted  below :  flowers  large  dark  purple  or  red,  to  ochroleucouH,il 
rather  dense  many-flowered  racemes :  pods  spreading,  on  short,  stout  pel 
icels,  1-2  inches  long,  1-2  lines  broad,  not  carinate,  attenuate  to  the  slea 
der  style,  glabrous  few-seeded.  On  stony  hillsides,  northern  Californij 
and  Nevada  to  Brit.  Columbia  east  of  the  Cascade  Mountains. 

Var.  lanuginosa  Watson  in  Gray's  Syn.  Fl.  152.  Pubescence  nioij 
loose  and  woolly.    Eastern  Washington. 

2    CHEIRANTHUS.  L.  Gen.  n.  815. 

Cheiranthus  and  Erysimum  of  authors. 

Biennial  or  perennial  herbs  with  narrow  entire  or  sparinglvl 
toothed  leaves  and  yellow  or  purple  flowers  in  simple  racemi  J 
Sepals  erect,  oblong  to  linear-oblong,  equal  at  base  or  the  later;il 
ones  somewhat  saccate.  Petals  commonly  large  with  broad  olxJ 
vate  blade  and  slender  elongated  claw.  Stamens  6,  free  and  nil 
appendaged.  Pods  strongly  compressed,  broadly  linear  with 
1-nerved  valves  or  narrow  and  (juadrangular  with  convex  itiil 
more  or  less  distinctly  keeled  valves.  Seeds  numerous,  obloiil 
and  turgid,  or  suborbicular  and  flattened  or  winged.  CptyledoiJ 
incumbent  or  accumbent  or  the  radical  very  oblique. 

*  Petals  2-2)^  lines  long,  yellow:  pods  subterete,  5-10  lines  Ion": 
cotyledons  incumbent  or  nearly  so. 

C.  turritoides  Lam.  Encycl.  ii.  716.  Erysimum  cheiranthoides 
Stem  erect,  subterete,  simple  or  with  few  subterminal  branches :  leavej 
lanceolate,  acute  at  each  end,  entire  or  remotely  and  obscurely  dentiiiJ 
late,  1-3  inches  long,  thin,  green  on  both  faces,  sparsely  and  finely  puliesl 
cent:  flowers  small,  yellow:  pods  obtusely  angled,  5-10  lines  long,  oi 
somewhat  spreading  and  rather  slender  pedicels,  glabrous,  slenderly  shoitl 
beaked.  Along  streams,  eastern  Oregon  to  Alaska  and  across  the  contl 
nent. 

*  *  Petals  3-12  lines  long,  yellow  or  orange,  rarely  purple.  Pods  I 
subterete  or  obviously  4-angled,  not  Strongly  compiressed,  1-4  inches] 
long ;  cotyledons  incumbent  or  rarely  oblique  or  somewhat  accumbent. 


CHEIRANTHUH. 


CRUCIFER.E. 


89 


eecence  moii 


('.  Inconsplcnns  Greene  Pitt.  iii.  134.  Erysimum  pavviflorum  NuU. 
\lS.iS),  not  Pen.  (1807).  Cinereous  and  scabrous  with  appressed  forked 
Uirs :  stems  erect,  10-18  inches  high :  leaves  narrow,  oblong-linear  or  lan- 
feuhite,  mostly  entire,  the  radical  crowded,  sometimes  repand-dentate : 
lepiils  linear-oblong,  acute,  3  lines  long,  little  surpassed  by  the  narrow  sul- 
Wiiir-yellow  petals:  pedicels  2-3  lines  long,  spreading  in  fruit:  pods  slen- 
Ber,  suberect,  1-2  inches  long,  scarcely  nurrowed  above,  tipped  with  a  short 
ttout  style  and  2-lobed  stigma.  Eastern  Washington  to  Alaska,  Wyoming 
Ind  Minnesota. 

C.  elatns  Greene  h  c.  136.  Erysimum  elatum  Nutt.  Scabrous  and  usu- 
ally canescent  with  appressed  2-parted  hairs:  stems  erect  from  a  biennial 
fr  short-lived  perennial  root,  1-6  feet  high,  usually  simple,  angled ;  leaves 
inceolate  to  entire  or  repand-dentate,  or  the  lowest  pinnatifid :  petals 
tellc'V  or  orange,  6-8  lines  long,  with  broadly  obovate  subcbicular,  blade 
Ihe  very  slender  claw,  much  exceeding  the  oblong  or  linear  sepals :  pods 
1-5  inches  long  by  a  line  wide  usually  sharply  angled,  erect  or  spreading 
m  spreading  pedicels  2-6  lines  long ;  style  1-2  lines  long ;  stigma  some- 
kliiit  2-lobed:  seeds  oblopg,  brown,  often  sharply  wing-appendaged  at  the 
[l)ex.    Common  on  dry  hillsides,  California  to  Brit.  Columbia. 

*  *  *  Flowers  large  or.  middle-sized,  pods  more  strongly  flatten- 
ed, 1-nerved  or  somewhat  keeled. 

t'.  occidentails  Watson  Proc.  Araer.  Acad,  xxiii,  261.  Erysimum  oc- 
jidentaJe,  Roh.  Stems  erect,  simple  or  branching  from  near  the  base,  2-18 
Inoljes  high,  from  an  annual  or  biennial  root,  becoming  stout,  angular, 
piely  pubescent  with  appressed  forkad  hairs :  narrowly  linear  to  lance-lin- 
lar,  leaves  attenuate  to  long  slender  petioles  entire  or  nearly  so :  racemes 
U  first  short,  but  becoming  4-8  inches  long  in  fruit:  pedicels  stout,  spread- 
Bug  2-4  lines  long:  petals  light  yellow,  8-10  lines  long,  much  exceeding  the 
pale  narrowly-oblong  strongly  saccate  calyx :  pods  3-4  inches  long,  1}4  lines 
proad,  rather  abruptly  beaked;  style  slender,  2  lines  long;  stigma  small: 
leeds  oblong,  rather  broadly  winged :  cotyledons  accumbent.  On  sandy  or 
gravelly  banks,  Klickitat  county,  Washington  to  Nevada. 

Ci  arenicola  Greene  1.  c.  131.  Erysimum  arenicola  Watson  Proc.  Am. 
icad,  xxvi,  142.  Cespitose  perennial :  stems  several  from  the  densely  mnl- 
licipital  caudex,  terete,  6-8  inches  high :  leaves  very  numerous,  chieflv 
llustered  at  the  base,  oblanceglate,  repandly  denticulate,  including  tlie 
Vetiole  l}4  inches  long,  2-3  lines  broad,  pubescent  with  white  appressed 
|-3  pointed  hairs :  racemec  short,  rather  few-flowered :  pedicels  spreading, 

line  long:  sepals  4  lines  long;  petals  unknown:  pods  very  gradually  nar- 
lowed  to  a  point:  cotyledons  oblique-incumbent.  Olympic  Mountains 
Washington,  5000  feet  altitude.     C.  V.  Piper. 

C.  capitatus  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  1,  38.  Cheiranthus  anper  Cham.  <& 
tchlecht.  in  Linrixa  i,  14.  Finely  pubescent  with  appressed  2-parted  or  on  the 
lowest  leaves  somewhat  stellate  hairs :  stem  3-24  inches  high  from  a  per- 
Innial  root,  somewhat  angular,  stout,  simple  or  less  frequently  branched, 
joinetimes  from  the  base :  leaves  oblong  to  spatulate  or  linear,  attenuate 
lelow,  entire  or  more  or  less  deeply  repand-dentate:  flowers  light  yellow, . 
ni  a  many-flowered  at  flr«t  subcapitate  but  elongating  raceme:  petals  8-12 
jines  long,  with  broad  rounded  blade  and  slender  claw :  pods  1-4  im-hes 
[>ng,  1-1)^  lines  broad;  valves  flattish,  l-nr-rved:  style  stout,  )^-l  line 
3ng:  stigma  broad:  seeds  oblong,  brown,  margined.  Common  on  the 
Joast  from  Curry  county,  Oregon  to  California. 

3    NASTURTIUM   R.  Br.  in  Ait.  Hort.  Kew  ed.  2,  iv,  109. 

Perennial  herbs   with  lyrately  compound  or   simple  and   pin- 
latifid  or  undivided  leaves  and  white  flowers.    Sepals  erect.  Pet- 
\\h  unguiculate.     Pods  short,  turgid,  little  compressed,  nerveless. 


40 


CRUCIFEH.*:. 


NASTURTIUM. 
RORIPA. 


Seeds  small,  rounded,  somewhat  flattened,  impressed  punctate. 

N.   OFFICINALE  Ri  Bf.  1,  c.    Glabfous ;  Htetna  stoiitiah  hollow  rooting  iit| 
the  decumbent  base,  the  branches   >^-5  feet  long:  roots  all  fibrous:  leuM* 
pinnate,  leaflets  rn-'^led   or  elongated  the  terminal   one  largest:  pet  ;ilj 
white,  exceeding     ..^  calyx:  pods  divaricately  spreading,  6-10  lines. loii|;| 
acute  at  each  end,  equaling  the  spreading  pedicels,  style  short  and  thickj 
Common  in  brooks  p.nd  wet  p'aces.    Introduced  from  Europe. 

4    RORIPA   Hcop.  Fl.  Cam.  520. 

Annual,  biennial,  or  perennial  herbs  with  yellow  flowers  in  piini 
iculate  racemes.  Commonly  referred  to  Nasturtium.  Se|>;il' 
greenish  yellow,  ascendintj  or  spreading.  Petals  short-unguic  ul 
late  and  ascending.  Pods  terete  or  nearly  so;  valves  thin,  nearly[ 
or  (|uite  nerveless.  Seeds  small,  turgid  and  wingless,  in  2  rows  iiii 
each  cell,  minutely  tuberculate. 

R.    slnnata  A.  S.  Hitchok.  Spring  Fl.  Manh.  18.     Nasturtium  shiuatiim,] 
Nnlt.    litems  decumbent  to  prostrate  pale  green  glabrous  or  slightly  scurfy- 
pubescent:  leaves  narrowly  oblong  or  oblanceolate,  usu.ally  deep  and  regii| 
larly  pinnatifid,  the  subequal  oblong  to  deltoid  segments  entire  or  witli 
or  2  teeth  :  pedicels  mostly  divaricately  spreading,  slender,  2-5  lines  l()ii^';| 

Eods  oblong  to  linear,  mostly  3-5  lines  long  acute  at  each  end  and  beaki-i 
y  a  slender  style,  more  or  less  cur\'ed.    Eastern  Oregon  and  Washington! 
to  the  plains  of  the  Saskatchewan.  Minnesota  and  Arkansas. 

Var.  pubescens.  Nagtartmin  miuatmn  rar.  puhescens  Watson  in  Grmj 
Syrt.  Fl.  i.  174-  Pubescent  throughout  with  woolly  hairs:  stems  very  slenl 
der,  decumbent:  racemes  lax,  4-t)  inches  long:  pedicels  .3-6  lines  long,  veiy[ 
sieufler:  ovary  oblong-obovate,  pubescent:  style  long  and  slender.  Oiil 
sandy  ground  Sauvie's  Island  Oregon,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Willamettcl 
river.    But  one  plant  was  found :  if  not  abnormal  it  is  a  good  species. 

B.  CoIcmblsB.  Nasturtium  Columhim  Suksdorf  in  Herb,  distr.  962.  Li«| 
and  spreading,  pubescent  throughout:  leaves  rather  narrow,  deeply  aiiill 
narrowly  pinnatifid;  pedicels  scarcely  2  lines  long:  pods  short-oblong,  l'..( 
-2  li.'ies  long,  densely  pubescent  with  short  and  rather  fine  somewhat  papi' 
lose  hairs.  Ix)w  gravelly  banks  of  the  Columbia  and  Bnake  rivers,  whid 
are  submerged  most  of  the  year. 

R.  palnstris  Bess.  Enum.  27.  Nasturtium  palustre  DC.  ^  Glabrous  orl 
rarely  somewhat  pubescent:  stems  erect  from  a  biennial  root*,  6-18  inchesi 
high,  branching:  lower  leaves  lyrate ;  upper  more  or  less  deeply  pinnatifidi 
or  merely  toothed,  the  lobes  narrowly  to  oroadly  oblong,  dentate;  pods  obi 
long,  turgid,  UEually  obtuse.  Oregon  to  the  Sierra  Nevadas  and  the  At| 
luntic  states. 

R.  Pacillca.  Nasturtium  terrestre  var.  occidentale  Watson,  inGray  SyuJ, 
Fl.  i,  148.  Glabrous  or  the  auricles  of  the  leaves  sometimes  ciliate :  8teni.s| 
stout,  1-3  feet  high  from  a  stout  annual  or  biennial  root :  more  or  less 
freely  branching :  leaves  lanceolate,  the  lower  ones  lyrate,  petioled,  2-*i| 
•inches  long ;  the  oblong  to  ovate  segments  erosc-dentate :  pods  oblong,  tur[ 
gid  acutish  at  both  ends  or  obtuse  above,  4-6  lines  long,  equaling  the  I 
spreading  pedicels.  On  alluvial  soil  lower  Columbia  valley  to  Brit.  Coluni- j 
bia. 

B.    sphierocarpa  Britton,  Mem.  Torr.  club,  v.  170.     Nasturtium  sph n- 
rocarpum,  Gray  PI.  Fendl.  6.    More  or  less    hispid    with  short  spreading! 
hairs:  stems  erect,  1-3  feet  high  from  a  biennial  or  winter  annual  root: 
branched  above :  lower  leaves  lyrate  with  oblong  or  ovate,  dentate  seg-l 
ments,  upper  ones  lanceolate,  more  or  less  pinnatifid  or  irregularly  don- 1 
tate :  pods  short,  mostly  broadly  elliptical  or  gubglobose  1-3  lines  long. 
Oregon  and  Washington . 


iin,  nearlvl 
1  2  rows  ii 


nORlPA. 
HARBAHRA. 


CRUCIFERvE. 


41 


K.  carrisiliqna  Bessey  Mem.  Torr.  club  v.  169.  NastnHium  curvixili- 
(jiia,  Niitt.  Glabrous,  usually  erect,  diffusely  branched  3-12  Inches  high 
tioin  an  annual  root:  leaves  narrowly  oblong  or  oblanoeolate  pinnatiSd 
\sith  oblong  usually  toothed  lobes,  rarely  only  sinuate  ttK)thed :  flowers 
\  lldW  in  rather  dense  racemes:  petals  a  little  exceeding  the  sepals:  pods 
iatiier  slender,  4-8  lines  long,  about  equalinc  the  pedicels,  often  curved. 
Oil  rich,  alluvial  river  bottoms,  British  Col"  .-.Aa  to  Lower  California. 

|{,  lyrata  Greene  Man.  20.  Nmturiium  lyratum  Nutt.  Stems  erect  or 
(Ici'umbent,  commonly  diffusely  branched  from  the  base:  leaves  lyrate  or 
])innatilid,  the  segments  oblong-lanceolate,  inciseiy  serrate  or  angularly 
tdotlied:  pods  linear,  compressed,  8-10  lines  long,  more  than  twice  tli'e 
length  of  the  pedicel,  slightly  curved,  obtuse,  tipped  with  the  very  short 
Htyle.  On  muddy  banks  and  in  wet  places,  Oregon  and  northern  Oali- 
oriii.i. 

K.  polymorpha.  Nasturtium  polymorphvm  Nvtt.  T,  A  G.  i,  74.  Stems 
(i-lO  inches  jh  ffom  an  annual  or  biennial  root:  leaves  rather  narrow, 
deeply  pinnatitid  or  almost  entire,  the  segments  entire,  short,  linear 
acute :  flowers  small ;  the  petals  scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx :  pods  ob- 
lonr  linear  compressed :  stigma  minute,  nearly  sessile.  "Banks  of  the  Ore- 
goi    Nutt."    Moig';  places.    Willamette  and  lower  Columbia  vadeys. 

R.  tenerrlma  Greene  Eryth.  iii,  46.  Glabrous :  stems  weak  and  de- 
cumbent sparingly  branched  6-10  inches  long  from  an  annual  root :  leaves 
fev  lyrately  pinnatifid,  the  terminal  lobe  acutish,  rachis  of  the  few  ra- 
cemes almost  capillary:  pods  subconical  to  ovate-laaceolate  slightly 
curved,  the  apex  surmounted  by  a  considerable  l)eak-like  style:  valves  and 
partition  both  very  thin :  seeds  many  in  2  rows  under  each  valve.  On 
moist  banks,  eastern  California  and  western  Nevada  to  Washington  and 
Wyoming. 

5    BARBAREA  R.  Br.  in  Ait  f.  Kew.  ed.  2.  iv.  109. 

Glabrous  erect  branching  biennial  or  perennial  herbs  with  an- 
gled stems  and  entire  or  pinnatifid  leaves.  Sepals  oblong,  often 
colored :  the  lateral  pair  often  saccate  at  base  and  slightly  con- 
nate on  the  back  near  the  apex.  Petals  spatulate  or  with  obovate 
blade  and  slender  claws.  Stamens  6,  free  and  unappendaged,  dis- 
tinctly tetradynamous.  Style  short :  stigma  bifid.  Pods  linear, 
elongated,  somewhat  4-angled.  Seeds  in  one  row  in  each  cell. 
Cotyledons  slightly  oblique.       '^  '  ' 

B.  Yulg*rls  R.  Br.  1.  c.  Stems  erect,  1-3  feet  high,  simple  or  corym- 
bosely  branched,  somewhat  angled :  radical  and  lower  caudate  leaves  usu- 
ally pinnately  parked,  the  terminal  lobe  ovate  or  orbicular,  rounded  at  the 
apex  and  varying  from  cuneate  to  cordate  at  base,  entire  or  with  a  few 
rounded  teeth  or  lobes ;  lateral  segments  very  variable  usually  oblong,  en- 
tire or  toothed :  petioles  auriculate  at  base :  upper  leaves  entire  or  toothed, 
clasping  at  base :  flowers  in  a  short  dense  oblong  raceme,  bright  yellow : 
petals  nearly  or  quite  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals :  pods  ascending  or  sub- 
erect  upon  more  or  less  spreading  pedicels.  Common  along  streams  and  in 
cultivated  fields.    Lower  California  to  Alaska  and  across  the  continent. 

B.  stricta  And rz.  Bess.  Enum.  72.  Stems  erect  1-2  feet  high,  leaves 
yrately  pinnatifid  with  a  large  rounded  terminal  lobe  and  1-5  pairs  of  lat- 
eral ones:  flowers  pale  yellow,  during  anthesis  closely  aggregate  and  sub- 
corymbose  ;  petals  usually  not  over  a  third  or  half  longer  than  the  ca- 
lyx :  pods  mostly  appresscd  to  the  elongated  rachis.  Along  streams  etc., 
California  to  Alaska  and  across  the  continent. 


CRUCIFER.E. 


ARABIB. 


m 


6     ARABIS  L.  Gen.  n.  818. 

Annual  biennial  or  perennial  herbs,  rarely  suffrutesccnt  at  banc 
with  usually  simple  leaves,  stellate  or  forked  pubescence,  and 
white  or  purple  flowers  in  ebracteate  racemes.  Sepals  e(|ual  or 
the  lateral  ones  saccate  at  base.  Petals  entire  or  eniarginat( , 
usually  unguicuhite.  Stamens  0,  free  and  unappendaged.  Pods 
linear  compressed  parallel  to  the  partition,  with  flat  or  Hul>con- 
vex,  more  or  less  prominently  1-nerved  valves  and  membranace- 
ous partition.  Stigma  simple  or  barely  2-lobed.  Seeds  in  1-2 
rows  :  elliptical  or  orbicular,  more  or  less  margined  or  winged. 
Cotyledons  accumbent  or  oblique. 

§  1  SisvMBRiNA  Watson  in  Gray  Syn.  Fl.  i,  159.  Bienni- 
als or  perennials  with  the  pubescence,  if  any,  wholly  simple 
above,  but  forked  upon  the  lowest  leaves. 

A.  Nattallli  Robinson  in  Gray  Syn.  Fl.  i,  160.  A.  npathulata  Nun.  T.  <(• 
(f.  Fl.  i,  81,  not  DC.  Stems  slender  simple,  6-10  inches  high  from  ii 
branching  biennial  or  perennial  rootstock,  erect  or  ascending,  glabrous 
above,  more  or  less  hirsute  below  :  radical  leaves  spatulate-oblanceolate, 
obtuse  or  acutish,  entire,  an  inch  or  less  long:  cauline  narrowly  oblong  to 
elliptical,  sessile  but  not  auricled :  petals  2-3  lines  long,  white :  pods  short, 
6-9  lines  long  by  J^  of  a  line  broad,  somewhat  attenuate  to  a  rather  stout 
style :  valves  slightly  convex,  1-nerved  and  faintly  veined :  seeds  elliptical : 
cotyledons  accumbent.  On  low  grounds,  mountains  of  eastern  Washing- 
ton and  western  Montana. 

§    2   TURRITIS 

in  the  cells. 

A.  perfollata  Lam.  Encycl.  i,  219.  Glaucous,  stems  erect,  solitary,  sim- 
ple or  sparingly  branched,  usually  stout,  1-6  feet  hi^h  from  a  biennial 
root:  radical  leaves  spatulate,  2-4  inches  long,  smuaterpinnatitid  or 
toothed,  ciliate  and  more  or  less  hirsute  with  stellate  hairs ;  cauline  leaves 
entire  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  clasping  by  the  sagittate  bare :  raceme 
long  and  strict:  flowers  white  or  stramineous:  petals  linear-lanceolate,  2- 
3  lines  long,  not  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  sepals :  pods  strictly 
erect  almost  terete,  3-4  inches  long,  less  than  a  line  wide,  on  short  pedi- 
cels: style  short  or  none,  stigma  2-lobed:  seeds  somewhat  in  2 rows  nar- 
rowly winged  or  wingless:  cotyledons  accumbent  to  incumbent  in  th- 
same  pod.  On  dry  ridges  and  stony  hillsides,  Brit.  Columbia  to  Califor- 
nia and  across  the  continent  to  New  England  and  New  Jersey. 


Flowers   whitish ;  pods  narrow  :  seeds  in  2  rows 


Seeds 
Coty- 


•    §  3  EuARABis  Watson  in  Gray  Syn.  Fl.  i,  100  in  part, 
orbicular  or  broadly  elliptical,  more  or  less  wing-margined, 
ledons  strictly  accumbent. 

A.  hlrsata  Scop.  Fl.  Carn.  ed.  2,  ii,  30.  More  or  less  hirsute  at  least  at 
the  base  with  spreading  simple  or  forked,  rarely  stellate  hairs :  stems  often 
clustered  on  the  crown  of  the  biennial  root  or  branching  caudex,  6-20 
inches  high,  simple  or  with  slender  strict  branches  above :  radical  leaves  in 
a  rosulate  cluster,  ovate  to  spatulate  attenuate  to  a  winged  petiole,  entire 
or  sparsely  dentate;  cauline  ones  ovate  to  oblong  or  lanceolate  sessile  ami 
partly  clasping  by  a  somewhat  sagittate  or  cordate  base:  petals  white, 
spatulate  twice  as  long  as  the  greenish  sepals :  pods  strictly  erect  1-2 
inches  long,  less  than  a  line  wide  on  erect  slender  pedicels ;  style  very 
short  and  stout  or  the  stigma  nearly  sessile :  seeds  suborbicular,  very  nar- 
rowly winged.  In  moist  places,  Sierra  Neyadas  of  California  through  Ore- 
gon and  Washington  to  northern  Alaska  and  across  the  continent  to  the 


ARARIH. 


CftUCIFER^:. 


43 


riKiuth  of  the  tSt.  Lawrence  and  Virginia.     Eu.  &  Asia.  *.     • 

At  farcata  VVatHon  Proc  Am.  Acad,  xvii,  302.  StemH  Heveral  from  a 
slender  branching  perennial  rootstock,  Hlender  ascending,  10-18  in<;hea 
liivch:  lower  leaves  oblung-ovate,  attenuate  below  to  a  Htout  petiole,  few- 
toothed,  1-3  inches  long;  sparingly  pubescent  and  ciliate  with  coarse 
iDiked  hairs;  cauline  oblong  to  linear  or  lanceolate,  scarcely  auricled:  flow- 
tTH  large  in  a  lux  few-flowered  raceme ;  petals  white  broadly  spatulate;, 
()-7  lines  long,  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  spp-ingly  hirsute  sepals:- 
IKxls  10-20  lines  Ion ^,  less  than  aline  broad,  at te  uate  to  a  very  nhort 
style,  on  slender  pedicels  6-10  lines  long:  seeds  obiong-elliptical,  winged 
at  the  lower  end.  On  bluffs  of  the  Columbia  river  from  the  mouth  oi  th« 
f^iindy  to  near  Hood  river. 

At  Suksdorfll.  A.^nrcata  Watsonl.  c.  in  part.  Stems  tufted  from  a 
thick  perennial  root,  simple,  3-8  inches  high,  strictly  erect,  lower  leaves 
ohlong-obovatc  1-3  inches  long,  sparingly  pubescent  an<l  ciliate  with 
hninched  hairs,  entire  or  few-toothed ;  cauline  few,  oblong  to  lanceolate: 
Howers  middle-sized,  in  a  strict  somewhat  dense  raceme :  petals  white, 
spatulate  3-6  lines  long :  pods  (>-18  lines  long  by  less  than  a  line  broad, 
erect  on  short  erect  pedicels.  On  dry  alluvial  ridges  Mount  Adams  Wash- 
ington near  the  line  of  perpetual  snow. 

A.  purpnrascens  Howell  in  Herb.  Greene  Pitt,  i,  161.  Usually  livid- 
purple  throughout :  stems  tufti^d,  from  a  branching  perennial  root,  simple, 
usually  slender,  6-30  inches  high,  soft-pubescent  with  simple  or  forked 
hairs  and  a  shorter,  more  branching  pubescence  beneath :  leaves  scattci-ed 
l»ut  rather  ample,  thin  sparsely  pubescent :  the  lowest  obovate-oblong  at- 
tenuate below  to  a  petiole,  the  cauline  narrowly-oblong  sessile,  all  with 
scattered  coarse  and  salient  teeth  :  racemes  loose  and  few-flowered ;  calyx 
purple  2-3  lines  long :  petals  6-9  lines  long  deep  rose  purple :  pods  slender, 
2  inches  long  less  thar  a  line  wide.  On  rocky  ridges  and  bluffs,  northern 
base  of  the  Siskiyou  Mountains  from  Ashland  to  Waldo  Oregon. 

A.  atrornbens  Suksdorf  in  Herb.  Greene  Eryth.  i,  223.  Pale  and 
<;lauce8cent  or  the  herbage  becoming  purplish  iii  full  maturity:  stems 
erect,  a  foot  or  more  high  from  a  branching  perennial  root:  radical  leaves 
spatulate-oblong,  an  inch  long,  stellate-pubescent ;  cauline  ones  glabrous, 
ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  sessile  and  auriculate-clasping,  all  rather  re- 
motely and  coarsely  serrate- toothed :  raceme  simple,  strict,  few-flowered: 
sepals  dark  red,  sparsely  pubescent  with  branching  hairs :  petals  dark  re«l 
or  almost  black  about  4  lines  long :  pods  suberect  narrowly  linear,  acute,  3 
inches  long  or  more :  seeds  flattened,  narrowly  winged.  Edge  of  brush- 
lands  on  the  higher  part  of  the  Klickitat  hills,  Klickitat  county,  Wash- 
ington. 

A.  sparslflora  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  81.  Stems  1-3  feet  high  from  a  bi- 
ennial or  perennial  root,  sparingly  pubescent  below  with  forked  or  simple 
iiairs:  lower  leaves  numerous,  entire  oblanceolate,  on  slender  petioles; 
cauline  leaves  oblong  to  linear-lanceolate,  entire,  sessile  and  clasping  by 
the  auricled  base,  acute  :  racemes  rather  few-flowered;  flowers  small ;  pet- 
als linear-oblong,  bright  purple,  twice  as  long  as  the  often  colored  sepals: 
pods  2-3  inclies  long,  spreading  or  suberect  on  spreading  pedicels :  seeds 
narrowly  winged.  (5n  dry  plains,  eastern  Oregon  and  Washington  to  '.ac 
Rocky  Mountains  and  northern  Nevada. 

A.  Bolanderi  Watson  Proc.  Am!  Acad,  xxii,  467.  More  or  less  pubes- 
cent throughout  with  soft  stellate  hairs :  stem  solitary,  much  branched,  1- 
2  feet  high  from  a  biennial  root :  radical  leaves  not  known ;  cauline  lanceo- 
late, 1-2  inches  long,  auriculate-clasping  entire :  flowers  small  2-3  lines 
long,  rose-colored :  sepals  and  pedicels  pubescent :  pods  mostly  divaricately 
spreading,  glabrous,  straight,  6-18  lines  long  obtuse  with  a  broad  sessile 
stigma :  valves  1-nerved  to  the  middle:  seeds  orbicular  to  elliptical,  nar- 
rowly winged.    Yosemite  Valley,  UoZandfr;  Washington,  Brnndcf/ec. 


44 


CRlTCIFERif:. 


AKAKIN. 


A.    Breweri  WatHon  Proo.  Am.   Acad,  xi,  123.    Htems  several  from  n 
brnncliiiif;  ju'rennittl  niiidex  4-12   incheH  hi^h,  more  or  lesH  villoiiH  witli 
spreading  Himplo  or  braiichi'd  hairs  or  eti'Ihite  jmbeHcont  towunln  the?  baf*'. 
lower  leavt'H  narrowly  oblanoeolate,  entire  or  toothed,  finely  Hteiiate-juili 
CHcent,  an  incli  Utun  or  less,  the  jietioleH  often  ciliate ;  iip|)erVauline  leaves 
lanceolate  to  narrowly  oblong,  HCHHile  with  a  cordate  ba^e  or  obtnaely  an 
riculate,  somewhat  viilons  or  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous;  flowers  briglit 
rose-color  or  purplish  to  nearly  white,  H-4  lines  long;  the  pedicels  andimi 
plish calyx  more  or  less  villous:  pods  at  length  spreading  and  more  or  Ich- 
arcuate    l)'i-3  inches  long  by  a   line  or   more  broad,  acute  with  u  sessile 
stigma  ;  valves  1-nerved,  veined :  seeds  orbicular,  narrowly  winged,   i^outli- 
western  Oregon  to  middle  Cadfornia. 

A.  Leiiiiiionl  Watson  I'roc.  Am.  Acad  xxii,  4<)7.  f^tems  several  from  ,i 
branching  perennial  caudex,  slender,  (1  inclies  high  or  less,  glabrous  a Ixtve. 
lioary  below  with  fine  dense  stellate  pubescence :  lower  leaves  spatuhHc- 
oblanceolate,  rarely  with  one  or  two  teeth,  (>-})  lines  long,  the  petioles 
sometimes  ciliate;  cauline  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  uuricidate,  mostly  gla- 
brous or  nearly  so:  flowers 2-3  lines  long,  rose-colored ;  sepals  pubescent : 
p)d8  ascending  or  widely  spreading,  on  short  pedicels  glabrous,  curved  1- 
2  inches  long  i)y  ^4  of  a  line  broad,  more  or  less  attenuated  to  a  sessile 
stignui  or  short  style:  seeds  in  one  row,  orbicular,  narrowly  winged.  In 
the  mountains  from  northern  California  to  Mount  Adams  Washington. 
Nevada,  Wyoming,  Montana  and  Brit.  Columbia. 

A.  Koehlerl  (In  honor  of  R.  Koehler  of  the  S.  P.  R.  R.,  who  has 
shown  me  many  favors  while  botanizing  in  Oregon).  Stems  slender. 
3-(>  inches  liigh  from  a  perennial  much  branched  woody  caudex;  lower 
leaves  densely  rosulate  at  the  ends  of  the  branching  caudex,  persistent, 
linear-lanceolate  to  spatulate,  narrowed  below  but  scarcely  pet- 
ioled,  G-12  lines  long  entire,  canescent  with  stellate  pubescence;  cau- 
line leaves  only  one  or  two,  broadly  subulate,  auriculate :  racemes  few- 
flowered;  flowers  scarlet  4-6  lines  long:  pods  2-3  inches  long,  ii 
line  broad,  often  arcuate,  erect  on  slender  pedicels ;  style  very  shorter 
none:  seeds  small,  narrowly  winged.  On  clins,  etc.,  in  the  Coast  Mount- 
ains of  Douglas  county,  Oregon  and  along  the  Unipqua  river  at  Roseburg, 
flowering  early. 

A.  Lyallli  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xi,  122.  Glabrous  throughout  or 
Bometimes  stellate-pubescent  below:  stems  several  or  many  from  a 
branched  perennial  caudex,  2-10  inches  high :  lower  leaves  spatulate  to 
lineur-oblanceolate,  usually  6-12  lines  long,  sometimes  2-3  inches  long: 
the  cauline  narrowly  lanceolate  to  oblong,  sometimes  scarcely  auricled : 
flowers  rose-color,  2-3  lines  long ;  sepals  glabrous :  pods  erect  or  ascending, 
straight  or  nearly  so,  1-2  inches  long  by  %-l  line  broad,  narrowed  to  a 
short  style  or  sessile  stigma ;  valves  1-nerved,  at  least  to  the  middle, 
veined :  seeds  orbicular  narrowly  winged  in  1  row.  On  the  highest  peaks 
of  the  Cascade  Mountains  from  Brit.  Columbia  to  California,  Montana 
and  Utah. 

A.  microphylla  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1,  82.  Stems  slender,  2-6  inches 
high  from  a  slender  branching  perennial  caudex,  somewhat  hirsute  at  base 
with  spreading  hairs  or  nearly  glabrate :  lower  leaves  stellate  pubescent, 
linear,  acutish,  4-()  lines  long;  cauline  leaves  few,  sessile  linear-lanceolate 
to  narrowly  oblong :  racemes  few-flowured :  flowers  pale  rose-olor  to  pink, 
2-3  lines  long:  pods  only  2-6  at  the  ends  of  the  filiform  branches,  erect, 
1-2  inches  long  by  }4-K  of  a  line  wide:  seeds  sn^all,  slightly  winged. 
On  rocky  banks,  eastern  Oregon  to  Wyoming  and  Utah. 

A.  Casickli  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xvii,  363,  Villous-hirsute  witli 
scattered  spreading  mostly  simple  hairs.  Stems  usually  several  from  a 
biennial  (?)  root,  6-10  inches  high,  simple  hirsute  or  glaferate  above:  rad- 
ical leaves  linear-oblanceolate,  hirsute  and  ciliate,  8-12  lines  long;  the  up- 


ARAHIH. 


CRUCIFER/E. 


46 


|M'i-  ()ne8  linear-obloiiK  aixl  rluH|>iiiK  l>ut  not  auriculute,  all  entire  or  Hpar- 
i I i^'ly  toothed  :  [)etalH  white  with  purple  veiuH,  linear  Hpatiiiate,  ahmit  8 
liiH'H  lonKi  twice  aa  lon^  UH  the  Huaringly  pulH>H«'ent  HcpalH  an<l  exreedin^ 
tlic  pedicelH:  pinlH  aHceiiding,  falcate  2-11  incheH  lon^  by  a  line,  broad 
iii'iiminate,  Htignia  HCH'^ile:  HeedH  acutely  nuir^^ined.  On  hi^h  rooky 
liilKCH,  Klickitat  county  to  Spokane  county,  VV'aHhinjrton  and  Union 
roimty  Oregon. 

At  platyHperma  Gray  I'roc  Am.  Acad,  vi,  510.  GlaucouB,  sometinieH 
wliolly  glabrouN:  HteniH  erect  or  aHcending  from  a  branching  perennial  root- 
Htock,  2-12  incheH  high,  Hiinph^  or  branched :  lower  IcavcH  oblanceolate, 
iili(»u6  an  inch  long;  the  upjH'r  oblong  to  linear-lanceolate,  HCHHile :  petals 
rnHe-colore<l  or  nearly  white  2-',\  linert  long:  pods  erect  or  a  little  .spreading, 
l-i"u  inches  long  by  1)2-2,4  lines  wiile,  attenuate  to  a  short  stout  style; 
viilves  distinctly  veined,  1-nerved  toward  the  base:  seeds  orbicular, 
liioadly  winged.  From  Mount  Hood  Oreg<tn  to  the  San  Bernardino  and 
("i.crra  Nevada  Mountains. 

A.  Howellil  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxv,  124.  Glabrous;  stems  1-4 
inches  high  from  a  much-branched  cespitose  caudex  :  lower  leaves  glau- 
(MUH,  entire,  linear-oblanceolate,  an  inch  long,  often  sparsely  ciliate  tow- 
ards the  base ;  the  few  cauline  narrowly  oblong  obtusish,  sessile  some- 
svluit  clasping  but  not  auriculate  at  base:  flowers  few,  pale  to  bright  pink, 
;!-4  lines  long :  pods  erect  1-2  inches  lonjj  by  2  lines  broad  acuminate ; 
stigma  sessile :  seeds  orbicular,  broadly  winged.  On  Ashland  Butte,  Sis- 
kiyou Mountains,  Oregon. 

S  4  Pendula  Flowers  nodding,  usually  pale.  Pods  usually 
jxiidulous.     Seeds  in  1-2  rows  in  the  cells. 

A.  safiyatescens  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xvii,  362.  Glabrous 
throughout  or  sparingly  stellate  pubescent  below :  stems  several  from  a 
branching  woody  perennial  caudex,  8-12  inches  high  :  lower  leaves  nar- 
rowly oblanceolate,  acute,  about  an  inch  long :  the  cauline  more  oblong 
and  sessile  or  shortly  auricu late-clasping:  racemes  few-flowered ;  sepals 
purple,  3  lines  long:  pods  1-2!^  inches  long  by  l^-2  lines  wide,  attenuate 
to  a  short  style,  straight,  pendant, on  reflexed  pedicels  4-6  lines  long:  seeds 
orbicular  winged.  On  dry  rocky  ridges,  Mount  Adams  Washington  to  the 
bluffs  of  Snake  river  in  Oregon  and  the  Siskiyou  Mountains  near  the 
northern  line  of  California. 

A.  retrofracta  Graham  Edinb.  New  Phil.  Journ.  1829,  344.  Stems 
ercct  from  a  biennial  root,  1-3  feet  high,  simple  or  branching  above,  gla- 
brous and  often  somewhat  glaucous  above,  minutely  pubescent  below  with 
reflexed  simple  or  forked  hairs :  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate  to  linear,  the 
lower  ones  attenuate  below  to  a  winged  petiole,  rather  coarsely  serrate- 
dentate,  an  inch  or  two  long,  densely  pubescent  with  stellate  hairs ;  the 
upper  ones  linear,  sessile  deeply  sagittate  entire  lV^-3  inches  long:  ra- 
cemes few  to  many-flowered ;  flowers  nodding  on  spreading  tomentose  ped- 
icels: petals  spatulate,  pale  to  bright  purple,  3-4  lines  long,  twice  as  long 
as  the  pubescent  calyx :  pods  linear,  2-3  inches  long  by  half  a  line  wide  and 
with  the  pedicels  strongly  refracted:  seeds  obovate,  narrowly  winged, 
along  streams,  eastern  Oregon  and  W^t'shington  to  the  Rocky  Mountains 
and  Brit.  Columbia. 

A.  secunda  Howell  Eryth.  iii,  33.  Stems  several  from  a  branching 
woody  base  10-18  inches  high,  stellate-pubescent :  lower  leaves  lanceolate, 
about  an  inch  long,  narrowed  below  to  a  winged  petiole,  entire,  acute;  cau- 
line leaves  linear,  revolute,  sessile,  distinctly  auricled  6-12  lines  long :  ra- 
cemes many-flowered,  strictly  secund :  pods  1-2  inches  long,  less  than  a 
line  wide  on  filiform  pedicels  2-3  lines  long  that  are  all  deflexed  one  way 
forming  a  secund  spike;  seeds  small,  narrowly  winged,  in  1  row.  On 
dry  ridges  Mount  Adams,  Washington. 


46 


€RUC'IFER/E. 


AKABI8. 
HTREITANTHUH. 


A.  Colnmbiana  Macoun  Cat.  Canada  PI.  ii,  304.  Winter  annual:  al- 
most smooth  or  pubescent  below  with'  branching  hairs :  lower  leaves 
slightly  toothed  and  tapering  into  a  petiole ;  cauline  sessile  and  often  clasp- 
ing: flowers  white :  pods  exactly  sickle-shaped,  3-4  inches  long.  Common 
on  the  lower  slopes  of  mountains,  northern  Washington  to  Brit.  Columbia. 

A,  canescens  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  83.  Finely  stollate-pubescent  throughout: 
stems  one  to  several  from  a  perennial  or  biennial  root,  2-8  inches  high  ; 
simple  or  branched  :  lower  leaves  linear-oblanceolate,  an  inch  long  or  less; 
cauline  leaves  linear,  clasping  but  hardly  auriculate :  flowers  small  2  lines 
or  less  long,  pale :  pods  pendulous,  pubescent  or  glabrate,  1-1  >^  inches 
long  by  less  than  a  line  broad,  on  pedicels  1-3  lines  long ;  valves  1 -nerved 
to  the  middle :  seeds  small,  orbicular,  winged,  in  lor  2  rows.  On  dry 
pkiins,  Blue  Mountains  and  Harney  valley  Oregon,  to  the  Rocky 
lAnantains  and  Brit.  Columbia. 

A.  arcuatt  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  vi,  187  (?).  More  or  less  stellate- 
pubescent  or  hirsute :  stems  erect,  6  inches  to  2  feet  or  more  high  from  a 
])en>nnial  woody  caudex,  simple  or  branched ,  lower  leaves  spatulate,  entire 
or  denticulate  aijute,  1.-2  inches  long;  cauline  oblong-lanceolate,  sagit- 
tate and  clasping  at  base  6-12  lines  long  or  more ;  racemes  rather  few -flow- 
ered ;  flowers  pale  nodding ;  petals  3-4  lines  long,  white  or  purple,  twice  as 
long  as  the  sepals:  pods  1-4  inches  long  by  a  line  or  more  broad  erect 
and  slightly  curved  or  spreading  and  strongly  falcate.  On  rocky  ridges 
and  dry  plains,  eastern  Oregon  and  Washington  to  southwestern  Oregon. 

A.  snbplnnatiflda  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xx,  353.  Canescent  with  a 
very  fine  and  dense  stellate  pubescence :  stems  1  to  several  from  a  branch- 
ing somewhat  woody  base :  lower  leaves  crowded  and  persistent,  linear- 
oblanceolate,  entire  or  sparingly  toothed,  9-12  lines  long;  upper  ones 
taiiceolate,  coarsely  and  subpinufitifidly  toothed :  flowers  pale  pink,  3-() 
lines  long:  pods  strongly  reflexed,  on  pedicels  2-5  lines  long,  1)<b-8  inches 
long,  1-1>^  lines  broad,  more  or  less  attenuate  to  the  short  style,  pubes- 
cent, slightly  curved;  valves  1-nerved  to  the  middle  and  veined;  seeds  in 
one  row,  as  broad  as  the  partition,  winged.  On  dry  rocky  ridges,  south- 
western Oregon  and  and  adjacent  California  to  northwestern  Nevada. 

7  STREPTANTHUS  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Phil  id.  v,  134,  t.  7 . 

Caulescent  branching  herbs  with  entire  o/  toothed,  or  rarely 
pinnatitid  leaves  and  purple  white  or  yellowish  flowers.  Sepals 
o'ate  or  oblong  usually  colored,  equal  at  base  (rarely  one  or  both 
pair  Siiccate^,  commonly  connivent.  Petals  often  without  a  di- 
iati'd  blade,  more  or  less  twisted  or  undulate ;  the  claw  chan- 
neled. Stamens  6,  the  longer  pair  often  connate  below.  Antiiers 
more  or  less  elongated,  sagittate  at  base.  Hods  sessile  upon  the 
enlarged  receptacle,  oblong  to  narrowly  linear  compressed  to  sub- 
terete  :  vlves  1-nerved  ;  partition  hyaline :  stigma  simple.  Seeds 
flat,  margined  or  winged.     Cotyledons   accumbent.     Ours   all  of 

§  Eiv'KLisiA  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  67.  Petals  narrow,  the  blade  but 
little  if  any  broader  than  the  claw,  undulate  crisped.  Calyx 
clo.sed  or  with  spreading  tips. 

8.  orbiculatus  Greene  Fl.  Francis.  268.  Glabrous  and  glacous :  stems 
erect  from  an  annual  or  biennial  root,  6-18  inches  high,  diffusely  brancheil 
from  the  base :  lowest  leaves  round  obovate,  very  obtuse  or  even  truncate, 
crenately  or  more  remotely  and  repandly  toothed,  abruptly  narrowed  to  a 
petiole  Va  long  as  the  blade:  middle  cauline  obovate-spatulate,  auricled 
and  clasi'ing ;  uppermost  orbicular,  mostly  entire,  obtuse,  sepals  purple, 


9TREPTANTHUH. 
CACLANTHIJS. 


CRUCIFER^E. 


47 


2-.')  lines  long,  acute  but  not  acuminate  at  length  petaloid-dilated  undulate 
ami  whitish  at  the  recurved  ti^s :  stamens  in  3  unequal  pairs,  the  upper 
part  much  the  longest:  torus  dilated:  pods  2  inches  long,  falcate,  on  as- 
cending pedicels  strongly  torulose ;  i^'^eds  wingless,  though  sometimes  dis- 
tinctly but^very  narrowly  margined.  On  dry  rocky  ridgee  of  the  Siskiyou 
Mountains  to  the  Siena  Nevadas. 

S.  glandnlosas  Hook  Ic.  t.  40(?).  Sparsely  setose-pubescent  below, 
smooth  above:  stems  erect  from  an  annual  root,  1-2  feet  high,  branching: 
lowest  leaves  broadly  oval  or  obovate,  nearly  sessile,  denta;:.e ;  cauline 
leaves  ovate,  clasping  by  a  broad  base,  the  uppermost  lanceolate  and 
acuminate,  entire  or  denticulate:  flowers  purple;  sepals  acuminate  2-3 
lines  long,  somewhat  pubescent  or  glabrate ;  the  purple  petals  a  half 
longer :  one  pair  of  filaments  connate  below :  pods  \y^-2%  inches  long,  less 
than  a  line  wide,  erect  or  ascending :  seeds  margined.  Base  of  the  Siski- 
you Mountains  near  Waldo,  Oregon. 

S.  longlrosti'is  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxv,  127.  Arabis  longirostns 
Watson  Bot.  King  17,  t.  2,  Brewer  and  Watson  Bot.  Cah  r,  31.  Glabrous 
and  glaucous :  stems  erect  1-4  feet  high  from  on  annual  root,  branching 
from  the  base,  radical  leaves  ovate-spatulate,  entire  or  sparingly  toothed : 
flowers  spreading  or  reflexed  purpUsh  or  white  2-3  lines  long: 'sepals  lin- 
ear, not  closed  over  the  ovary  2  lines  long,  the  lower  pair  saccate  at  base, 
hut  little  shorter  than  the  narrow  petals:  pods  1-2  inches  long  by  a  line 
broad,  straight  attenuate  to  a  slender  style,  pendulous  on  short  reflexed 
pedicels:  seeds  elliptical,  winged.  In  alkaline  or  sandy  localities,  Wallula, 
Washington  to  Lower  California  and  Utah. 

S.  Howellii  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xx,  353.  Glabrous  and  glau- 
cous :  the  stout  leafy  simple  stem  6-30  inches  high  from  a  perennial  some- 
what fleshy  root :  lower  leaves  obovate-spatulate,  1-6  inches  long  coarsely 
repand-dentate ;  the  ui)per  ones  narrowly  spatulate,  entire  not  clasping: 
racemes  elongated:  pedicels  3-10  lines  long  not  spreading:  sepals  purple, 
ovate,  acute,  3  lines  long  more  or  less  saccate ;  the  dark  purple  petals  but 
little  longer :  filaments  all  distinct :  pods  2-3  inches  long  by  \%-2  lines 
broad,  erect  or  spreading  on  stout  pedicels:  seeds  oblong,  winged.  South- 
ern Oregon  near  Waldo,  and  on  Stein's  mountain,  southeastern  Oregon. 

8    CAULANTHUS  Watson  Bot.  King,  27. 

Stout  perennial  herbs  with  mostly  pinnatifid  leaves  and  duli- 
I  colort'd  flowers  in  long  loose  racemes.     Sepals  large,  nearly  equ- 

iiUy  saccate  at  base.     Petals  but   little   lunger  than   the   sepals, 

undulate-crisped,  the  blade  only  a  somewhat  dilated  rhomhoidal 
[extension  of  the  broad  claw.  Anthers  linear  s;  ttate.  Stigma 
[  2-lobed  or  slightly  emarginate.     Pods  sessile  or  with  a  short  and 

thick  stipe,  terete,  elongated ;  valves  convexed,  more  or  less  dis- 
|tinctly  1 -nerved.     Seeds  in  one  row  oblong  flattened  emarginate 

or  scarcely  margined.    Cotyledons  more  or  less  incumbent. 

C.  hastatus  Watson  Bot.  King  28,  t.  3.  Glabrous,  stems  st'^ut,  8-5  feet 
high  from  a  perennial  root :  simple  or  somewhat  branched :  lea\  es  very  va- 

I  riable,  radical  ones  lyrate  or  entire  the  terminal  leaflet  much  ihe  largest, 
ovate,  acute,  hastate  or  truncate  at  base;  cauline  leaves  ovate-oblong,  en- 
tire, hastate,  rounded  or  cuneate  at   base :  flowers  groenish-yellow,  in  a 

I  loose  virgate  raceme,  reflexed,  sepals  narrow-lanceolate,  distinct :  petals 
equaling  the  sepals,  sublaciniately  toothed  laterally :  pods  linear,  subterete, 
obtuse,  spreading.  On  shadeu  slopes  in  the  Blue' Mountains  of  Oregoii  to 
the  Wahsatch  and  Uintah  Mountains  of  Utah. 


48 


CRUCIFERiE. 


CACLANTHDS. 
DBNTARIA. 


n  £ 


111 


C.  pilosns  Watson  Bot.  King,  27.  Pilosely  hispid :  stems  2-4  feet  higli 
from  a  biennial  root,  stout  erect  branched  leaves  petioled  lyrately  pinnat- 
ifid,  the  lobes  sparingly  angular- toothed :  flowers  greenish  white  on  spread- 
ing iiedicels,  the  oblong  petals  narrowed  above,  4  lines  long :  pods  slender  | 
3-6  inches  long  by  less  than  a  line  in  diameter,  flexuous,  widely 
spreading  or  recurved.  In  sandy  soil  in  "sage  brush,"  etc.,  southeasterti 
Oregon  to  Nevada  and  California. 

C.  crassicanlls  Watson  1.  c.  Glabrous :  stem  simple,  erect,  1-3  feet 
high,  very  thick,  fistulous :  leaves  chiefly  clustered  at  or  near  the  base,  o  )- 
lanceolate  in  outline,  lyrately  toothed  or  pinnatifid,  2-6  inches  long;  caa- 
line  leaves  few,  much  reduced,  linear  or  somewhat  hastate:  floweis 
subsessile,  large:  sepals  oblong-lanceolate  5-6  lines  long,  more  or  lesb  pul)- 1 
escent,  usually  densely  so,  often  velvety :  pods  ascending,  slender,  terete 
4-6  inches  long  terminated  by  the  conspicuous  stigma.  On  dry  foothills 
and  rocky  slopes  Idaho  to  Utah  and  southern  Caliturnia . 

9    DENTARIA  Tourn.  Inst.  225,  t.  110;  L.  Gen.  No.  540. 

Sepals  equal  at  base,  erect  or  nearly  so.  Petals  much  longer 
with  slender  claw  and  ovate  blade.  Pods  linear,  straight  with 
stout  firm  nerveless  flat  valves  that  do  not  separate  elastically, 
and  nerveless  partition.  Stigma  short,  capitate  or  rarely  2-lobe(l. 
Seeds  in  one  row,  wingless ;  cotyledons  often  thick  more  or  less 
unequal  and  somewhat  oblique,  p^tiolate.  Low,  usually  gla- 
brous perennials  with  commonly  simple  stems,  variously  lobed 
leaves  and  comparatively  large  campanulate  flowers  in  veryl 
early  spring.  r 

D.  teaella  Pursh  Fl.  ii,  439.  Btems  slender  3-10  inches  high  from  an 
irregular  branching  or  tuberiferous  rootstock :  radical  leaves  shi  llowly 
3-6Tobed  or  coarsely  toothed,  6-18  lines  long,  the  petioles  often  Learing 
bulblets  on  their  underground  portion :  cauline  leaves  1-2,  sessile,  deeply  3- 
lobed  or  3-foliolate  with  linear  or  linear-lanceolate  entire  obtuse  segments, 
6-12  lines  long;  racemes  few-flowered,  terminal  and  sometimes  axillary: 
flowers  rose-purple :  pods  1-2  inches  long  by  a  line  broad,  attenuate  to  a 
slender  style  and  a  broad  distinctly  2-]ctij^  stigma.  Very  common  in 
woods,  western  Oregon  and  Washington,  flowering  in  very  early  spring. 

D.  giunata  Greene  Pitt,  iii,  123.  Cardnmine  aiwata  Greene  Eryth.  i, 
148.  Stems  6-18  inches  high  from  tuberous  roots,  simple  or  sparingly 
branched :  radical  leaf  simple  from  round-reniform  to  almost  oroicular, 
cordate  at  base  2-3  inches  broad,  sinuately  lobed,  the  9-15  lobes  obtuse  or 
almost  truncate,  conspicuouslv  mucronate ;  cauline  leaves  2  or  3,  divided 
3t5  more  or  less  cuneate  leaflets  which  are  lobed  or  coarsely  toothed  at  j 
the  apex:  racemes  lax,  few -flowered :  flowers  large,  rose-purple;  pods  1V3 
inches  long,  conspicuously  rostrate.  Among  the  "Redwoods"  near  Cres- 
cent City,  California,  iiO  doubt  in  adjacent  Oregon. 

D.  pnlcherrima  Greene  1.  c.  Cardamine  pulcherrima,  Greene  I.  c. 
Stoutisn,  stems  4-8  inches  high  from  a  rather  slender  horizontal  root; 
herbage  glabrous,  somewhat  succulent :  radical  leaf  palmately  3-5-lobe(l- 
partecf-or-divided,  with  entire  lobes  or  divisions  j  cauline  leaves  1  or  2, 
when  solitary  situated  near  the  inflorescence,  digitately  3-6  parted  into 
oblong-linear  or  lanceolate  segments  an  i"ch  long  more  or  less :  racemes 
short,  few-flowered ;  petals  6-10  lines  long,  lilac-purple  veined  with  dark 

Eurple.    In  shaded  places,  eastern  Oregon   and  Washington  near  The 
>alles. 

D.  qnercetornm  Greene  1.  c.  Cardamine  qtiercetorum,  Howell,  Eryth. 
iiif  33.  Glabrous :  stems  slender,  6-12  inches  high  from  a  branching  scaly 
root ;   radical  leaf  3-5-foliolate;  'eaflets  elliptical,  coarsely  dentate,  1-2  inches 


DKNTABIA. 
CABDAMINE. 


ORUCIFER^l. 


49 


llonfi  ijetioliilate;  cauline  leaves  1-4,  mostly  3-5-lol)ed  or-paiiecl,  with  oblong- 
jlanccolate  acute,  mostly  entire  vlivisions:  racemes  densely  many-flowered: 
Ipctals  rose-purple,  halt  inch  long:  fruit  not  known.  Under  smuU  oaks  along 
Itlic  creek,  Silveiion,  Oregon. 

1).  getaniuta>  Cardamine  Gemmata  Greene  Pitt,  i,  162.  Stems  rather 
Istont,  8-8  inches  high  from  a  round  or  oblong  tuber  4-10  lines  in  diameter: 
Iradical  leav-.  ternate,  the  leaflets  broad  and  somewhat  quatlrate,  coaraely 
ItodtUed;  caulipj  leaves  1-3,  pinnately  divided  into  5-7  linear-oblong  mucron- 
jiite,  entire  or  toothed  segments:  racemes  short,  several-flowered;  petals  pur- 
|])1(',  5-8  lines  long.  In  wet  places,  eastern  base  of  the  Coast  Mountains 
Inear  Waldo  Oregon,  flowering  in  very  early  spring;  often  in  Janufciy  to 
iMareh. 

1).  Callfornica  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i  88.  Cardamine  paucisecta  Benth. 
IPI.  Hartw.  297.  Smooth  or  slightly  pubescent:  stems  stoutish,  ()-]8 
J  inches  high  from  small  deep-seated  tubers,  simple  or  branched;  lower  leaves 
I  simple  or  trifqliolate,  the  leaflets  pitiolulate,  suborbicular,  cuneate  to  sub- 
Icordate  at  base,  sinuate  or  coarsely  toothed ;  cauline  leaves  2-4,  mostly 
Isliort-petioled,  pinnately  3-5 -f oliolate,  rarely  simple  or  lobed;  leaflets  mostly 
|]ietioiulate,  ovate  to  lanceolate  or  linear,  entire  or  toothed,  1-3  inches  ^ong, 
jtiowers  white  or  rose-color:  pods  1-2J  inches  long:  seeds  obloug;  cotyledons 
I  thick,  the  radical  decidedly  oblique,  cleft  to  the  middle.  Along  streams, 
I  southwestern  Oregon  to  southern  California. 

10    CARDAMINE    Tourn.  Inst.  224,  t.   109,  L.  Gen.  n.  812. 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs  of  moist  or  wet  places  with  simple 
lor  pinnate  leave'-  and  mostly  small  flowers  in  elongated  ra- 
cemes. Sepal.  ,-l  at  base  erect  or  more  or  less  spreading. 
Petals  obovate  siarrowly  spatulate.  Pods  linear,  with  some- 
what thickenau  margins  merely  beaked  or  pointed  above. 
Valves  flat,  nerveless,  opening  elastically  from  the  base.  Seeds  in 
1  row,  wingless.  Cotyledons  accumbent  or  slightly  overlap- 
I  ping  the  radical,  more  or  less  petiolate. 

C.  belUdifolia  L.  Sp.  ii.  654.  Glabrous  perennial:  caudex  much 
I  branched,  somi^what  fleshy,  stem?  vciy  short,  tufted:  lowerSeaves  ovate  or 
elliptical,  sometimes  subcordate  usually  obtuse,  obscurely  3-lobed,  or  |.»ii*ely 
with  one  or  two  lateral  teeth,  1-6  lines  long,  on  long  slender  petioles:  ped 
uncles  3-24  lines  long:  flowers  few,  white  or  pinkish;  sepals  white,  oblong, 
a  line  long;  petals  spatulate,  narrowed  below  to  a  slender  claw,  very  ob- 
tuse or  ti'uncate  above  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals:  pods  erect,  6-15  lines 
long,  on  pedicels  2-3  lines  long;  style  very  short  and  stout,  radical  cleft  to 
the  middle.  On  Mount  Shasta  and  Lassen's  Peak  California  to  Crater  Lake 
I  Oregon  and  Alaska, 

C.    Lyallii  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xxii,466.    Glabrous:  rootatock 

I  creeping:  stems  erect,  simple  or  branched  o-18  inches  high:  leaves  4-8,  neti- 

oled  undivided,  roniform  to  cordate,  the  margin  sinuate,  1-3  inches  broad: 

the  upper  triangular,  cordate,  subaciiminate:  racemes  pedunculate;  flowers 

I  white,  3-4  line*  long:  pods  erect  on  spreading  pedicels  10-12  lines  long, 

rather  shortly  attenuate  to  a  very  short  style:  radical  cleft  to  the  middle. 

I  Along  brooks  in  the  Cascade  and  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains. 

C.    callosicrenata  Piper    Bot.  Gaz.    xxi,  488.     "Perfectly  glabrou 
tliroughout;  stems  erect,  purplish    below,  shining  above,  coarsflly   striate, 
leaves  all  similar  and  pinnately  trifoliolate,  or  some  of  the  radical  rarely  sim- 
ple; terminal  leaflet  orbicular,  2-5    lines  long  and   nearly  as  broad,  closely 
crenatc  or  the  uppermost  lol)ed,  the  crenatioris  tipped  with  a  short,  blunt  cal- 


w 


CRUCIFERvE, 


CABDAMINE. 


lous  point;  lateral  leaflets  ovate,  entire,  mostly  obtuse,  1()-13  lines  lou^-;  rii 
ceme  ample:  flowers  wliite:  pods  25-30  lines  long,  erect  on  widely  sprca!)! 
ing  pedicels:  style  stout:  seeds  light  brown,  about  20  in  each  pod.  l| 
springy  places,  Spokane  July  2nd  and  Sept.  27,  1896."     C.  V.  Piper. 

C.  Brewerii  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  x,  339.  Glabrous  or  sliglitM 
pubescent  at  base:  stems  erect  or  decumbent  at  base,  a  foot  or  more  liiirJ 
from  slender  running  rootstoolis;  radical  leaves  simple  or  with  a  pair  of  sinHll 
lateral  leaflets,  round-cordate,  entire  or  coarsely  sinuate-toothed,  the  caulinl 
with  rounded  and  sinuate  or  lobed  leaflets,  the  upper  niore  oblong  or  lancetJ 
late:  petals  2  hues  long  wliite:  pods  8-15  lines  long,  obtuse  or  scarceliT 
beaked  with  the  short  style,  ascending  on  pedicels  2-4  lines  long :  radi(iii.| 
scarcely  cleft.  In  the  mountains  and  along  the  coast,  Brit.  Columbia  tj 
California  and  Nevada. 

C.  angulata  Hook.  Fl.  i,  44.  Glabrous  or  sparsely  hirsute:  stcmj 
rather  slender,  simple,  1-2  feet  high  from  long  runiahig  rootstocks:  leavoJ 
all  3-folioiate  or  sometimes  5-foliolate ;  leaflets  tiiangular-oyate  to  oblong, 
usually  cuneate  at  base  and  coarsely  3-5  toothed  or  the  laierjil  ones  entiie] 
the  terminal  ones  not  greatly  larger  than  the  lateral,  about  r»n  inch  long  ex- 
ceeding the  petioles:  racemo  ohort,  few-flowered:  petals  wbite,  5-7  lines  Ions; 
pods  about  an  incli  long  attenuate  to  the  stoat  style,  spreading  on  divaril 
cate  pedicels.    In  damp  woo.ls,  Oregon  to  Brit.  Columbia. 

C.  occiden  talis.  C.  pratensis  var  occidentali  Watson  in  Gray  Syn.  FJi 
i,  158.  Minutely  hirsute  below :  stems  slentler,  4-10  inches  high  fronl 
small  oblong  tubers,  paniculately  branched:  leaves  mostly  radical,  pinnntef 
leaflets  3-5  pairs,  obovate  or  oblong  to  linear,  1-4  lines  long  sparingly  {lenl 
tate,  the  terminal  one  the  largest:  racemes  short,  several-flowered;  petail 
white,  a  line  long,  but  little  longei-  than  the  sepals:  pods  filiform  an  inclil 
long  by  lesbthau  half  a  line  wide,  abruptly  contracted  to  the  sessile  stignial 
ta  length  erect  on  spreailing  pedicels:  seeds  minute,  oblong.  In  open  \vei| 
places  about  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette  river. 

C.  pratensis  L.  Spec,  ii,  65<>.  Glabrous  or  somewhat  pubescent  bel 
low:  stems  erect  from  a  fibrous-rooted  tuber,  10-16  inches  high:  leaves  piul 
nately  7-13  foliolate;  leaflets  mostly  entire,  often  petiolulate,  those  of  thfl 
radical  leaves  roundish,  of  the  cauline  oblong  to  linear:  flowers  whitel 
usually  in  a  l*oad  corymb,  2-6  lines  long:  pods  3-15  lines  long  by  a  'inej 
wide^  tipped  with  a  short  thick  style.  In  Avet  places,  Willamette  valley, p 
Oreo-on  to  Alaska  and  the  northeastern  states  and  Labrador. 

C.  parviflora  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  1131.  Very  slender,  glabrous  nrj 
sparingly  pubescent  stem  su')simple,  erect  or  nearly  so,  6-18  inches  nii;li| 
from  a  fascicle  of  delicate  fibrcus  roots:  leaves  pinnately  parted  into  severall 
pairs  of  small  leaflets,  those  of  the  lower  leaveti  oblong  to  suborbicular,  nil 
the  upper  linear:  flowers  small;  petals  oblong-cuneiform,  longer  than  tliel 
ovate  obtuse  sepals:  pods  about  an  inch  long,  erect  upon  spreading  pedi(;ele.[ 
In  damp  woods,  Oregon  to  the  New  England  states. 

C.  Pennsylvanlca  Muhl.  in  Willd.  Spec,  iii,  486  Nearly  or  quite  glal 
brous:  stems  a  foot  or  two  high  from  a  fascicle  of  slen'ler  fibrous  roots,  | 
leafy  and  branching:  leaves  pinnately  3-15  foliolati^;  leaflets  of  the  lowerl 
leaves  roundish  or  short-oblong;  of  tlie  upper  oblong  with  rohnded  apex  audi 
nari'owed  base  commonly  more  or  less  decurrent  upon  the  rachis,  usualljf 
half  inch  or  more  long  and  1-3  lines  broad:  petals  white,  a  line  or  two  l(»n!;:| 
pods  suberect  upon  ascending  pedicels.  <;alifornia  to  Alaska  and  across  tlie| 
continent  to  the  Atlantic  states. 

C.  ollgospernia  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  85.  Hirsute  to  nearly  gla| 
brous:  stems  slender,  3-12  inches  lilgh  from  an  annual  fibrous  root,  leaves  i " 
pinnate;  leaflets  3-5   rm-n,  roundish,  1-0  lim:?  in  diameter,  obtusely  3-5- 1 


reticu?^toil 


SDAMINX, 


PLATYSPEBMUM. 
LBSQDERELLA. 


CRUCIFERiE. 


M 


lobeil,  petiolate:  petn^a  1-1  l-a  li"*^^  longi  twice  longer  than  the  sepals;  pods 
iiw,  somewhat  corynibed  at  the  end  of  the  branches,  5-9  linos  long  by  half 
11  line  erect:  style  very  short.  In  upland  foreeta  central  California  to  Vaii- 
couver  Jsland  west  of  the  Cascade  Mountains. 

Tribe  II.  Alysmiese,  DC  Fruit  short,  orbicular  elliptical  or 
Hhort-oblong,  rarely  more  elongated  lanceolate  or  linear,  ahvays 
more  or  less  compressed  paraUel  to  the  yartition,  1-2-celled  and 
l-many-seeded.  Valves  pit  or  moderately  convex.  Cotyledons 
(ircumbent  or  very  rarely  i-rsumhent. 

*  Pods  strongly  compressed  parallel  to  the  broad  partition. 

2    PLATYSPERMUM  Hook.  Fl.  i,  fiS  t.  18%.  B. 

Small  winter  annuals  witli  simple  or  pinnatifid  leaves  and 
small  white  solitary  flowers  on  simple  scapes.  Sepals  broad, 
e(|ual,  ereet.  Petals  obovate,  entire  or  retuse.  Pods  sessile  orbic- 
ular strongly  coinpressed,  with  flat  nerveless  and  hyaline  parti- 
tion. Stigma  sessile,  simple.  Seeds  4-()  in  each  cell,  in  2  rows 
reticu?"lcd  orbicular  and  broadly  winged.  Cotyledons  accum- 
bent. 

P.  scapigrernm  Hook  1.  c.  Leaves  lyrately  pinnatifid  with  few 
lobes  or  reduced  to  a  single  rhombic  or  ovate  toothed,  or  entire  blade  upon  a 
slender  petiole :  scapes  at  length  3-0  inches  long  ascending :  flowers  about 
a  line  long;  petals  narrowly  obovate  to  iinear-spatulate,  short  unguiculate, 
not  exceeding  the  erect  sepais:  pods  orbicular  to  oblong  or  obovate  3-4  lines 
long.  Common  in  moist  places  Brit  Columbia  to  California,  chiefly  east  of 
the  Cascade  Mountains. 

*  *  Pods  very  turgid :  partition  bvoad,  nerved  from  the  top  to  the 
rniddle. 

12    LESQUERELLA  Watson    Proc.   Am.  Ac&d.  xxiii,  249. 

VESICARLi  of  authors  as  to  the  American  plants.  "  •' 

Low  caulescent  annual  or  perennial  herbs  witii  stellate,  often 
dense  or  white- lepidote  pubescence,  entire  or  repand -dentate 
leaves  and  mostly  yellow  flowers.  Petals  spatulate  to  oblong- 
obovate  entire.  Filaments  filiform  or  rarely  dilated:  anthers 
sagittate.  S+igma  flat,  capitate  entire  or  lobed.  Pods  more  or 
less  turgid,  rounded  or  ovate  or  short-oblong  with  nerveless 
valves ;  and  a  hyaline  partition  nerved  from  the  apex  to  the  mid- 
dle, several  to  many-seeded,  sessile  or  stipitate.  Seeds  rounded, 
flat,  wingless  or  rarely  narrowly  margined.  Cotyledons  accum- 
bent. 

L.  occidentalis  Watson  1.  c.  251.  Canescent  with  a  dense,  appressed, 
scurffy,  obscurely  stellate,  silvery  pubfscence :  stems  many  from  a  fleshy 
branching  caudex,  decumbent,  4-12  inclies  long  or  more :  lower  leaves  ob- 
lanceolate,  attt»nute  at  base,  1-4  inches  long  including  the  petiole,  mostly 
coarsely  sinuate-dentate ;  cauline  leaves  spatultite-oblanceolate,  mostly  en- 
tire :  petals  spatulate,  3-6  lines  long ;  style  very  slender  about  2  lines  long : 
pods  compressed-globose,  acutish,  2-4  lines  long  sessile  upon  a  more  or 
less  flexuous  pedicel  4-8  lines  long.  Sandy  or  stony  hillsides,  Washington 
to  northern  California  east  of  the  Cascade  Mountains. 


k 


i 

i 


^V^tSi 


52 


CHUCIPEU^. 


PHT8ARIA. 
P8II.ONEMA. 


ill 


L.    Donglasli  Watson  I.  (■•  118.    Cant-Hcent  throughout  with  fine  ap- 
pressed  pubescence :  stems  usually  simple,  from  a  simple  caudex :  leaves  I 
ovate  to  oblanceolatG  or  linear  mostly  entire :  petals  spatulate,  3-4  lini-s 
long :  pods   olxjvate,  very  obtuse,  erect  on  spreading  pedicels ;  cells  2- 1 
ovuled.    On  the  mountains  of  eastern  Oregon  and  "Washington. 

*  *  *    Po(l8  (Hdymous  with  narrow  nerveless  partition. 

12    PHYHARIA  Gray  Gen.  111.  i,  162. 

Low  stellately  canescent   perennial   herbs   with   mostly  entire  | 

leaves  and  yellow  flowers.  Petals  spatulate  to  oblong,  entire. 
Filaments  filiform.  Anthers  sagittate.  Pods  didymous:  witli 
a  short  narrow  partition  :  cells  inflated,  nearly  globular,  me<ii- 
branaceous,  nerveless,  several-seeded.  Seeds  not  winged.  Coty- 
ledons accumbent. 

*  Cells  of  the  pods  much  inflated  and  longer  than  the  jwrtition. 

Pt  didymocarpa  Gray  1.  c  Very  canescent,  and  lepidote  with  dense 
white  stellate  pubescence :  radical  leaves  petiolate,  with  roundish  toothed 
angled  or  entire  blade,  or  oblanceolate  and  more  or  less  sinuately-toothed 
below:  cauline  leaves  mostly  entire,  spatulate;  racemes  dense :  pedicels 
becoming  6-7  lines  long  spreading  or  ascending :  sepals  lanceolate,  shorter 
than  the  rather  pale  yellow  petals :  pods  strongly  didymous,  rather  deeply 
notched  above  entire  or  more  or  less  cordate  at  base,  becoming  6-8  lines 
broad ;  valves  subglobose,  with  no  demarcation  between  the  dorsal  and 
lateral  surfaces ;  walls  papery.  Eastern  Oregon  to  Brit.  Columbia  and 
Nevada. 

*  *    Cells  more  or  less  compressed  and  but  little  exceeding  the 
partition. 

P.  Geyerl  Gray  1.  c.  Whitish  with  dense  stellate*  tomentum :  radical 
leaves  with  short,  broadly  ovate,  entire,  obtusely  pointed  blade  narrowed 
below  to  long  channeled  petioles ;  cauline  leaves  small,  spatulate :  racemes 
rather  dense,  1-2  inches  long :  pedicels  spreading  (tr  curved,  ascending,  3 
lines  long:  pods  small  for  the  genus,  broadly  and  shallowly  obcordate, 
narrowed  towards  the  base ;  cells  2)jg-3  lines  long  at  dehiscence ;  partition 
ovate  much  exceeded  by  the  persistent  style.  Sandy  soil  and  volcanic 
!i8hes,  upper  Spokane  valley,  Washington. 

P.  Oregona  Watson  Pr  c.  Am.  Acad,  xvii,  363.  Canescent:  stems 
several  from  the  large  woody  root,  4-6  inches  high :  leaves  oblanceolate- 
spatulate,  the  lower  few-toothed  below ;  the  upper  entire :  pods  obcom- 
pressed  5-10  lines  broad,  round-reniform ;  the  narrowly  linear  partition  3- 
4  lines  long ;  the  flattened  obtusely  rounded  cells  3-4  seeded :  style  very 
short.    Gulches,  Union  county,  Oregon.    Cusick. 

*  *  *  *  Pods  orbicular  or  nearly  so.  FilanvMts  often  dilated  or 
appendaged  near  the  base. 

14    PSILONEMA   C.  A.  Meyer  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Alt.  iii,  50. 

Low  stellate-pubescent  herbs  with  mostly  simple  leaves  and 
rather  small  flowers  in  slender  racemes.  Sepals  equal.  Petals 
whHe  or  yellow,  cuneate.  Filaments  unappendaged.  Pods 
oval  or  orbicular,  compressed  with  convex  nerveless  valves,  2- 
celled,  with  2  seeds  in  each  cell.     Cotyledons  accumbent. 

P.  calyclnnm  C.  A.  Meyer  Bull.  Acad.  St.  Pet.  vii,  132.  Stellate  pub- 
escent: stems  branching  from  near  the  base,  the  branches  mostly  simple, 
decumbant  at  base  6-12  inches  long:   leaves  entire,  linear-spatulate  6-12 


I- 


KROPHILA. 
DKARA . 


CRUCIFEK/K. 


5S 


lines  long:  flowers  small,  in  slender  racemes,  the  white  or  pale  yellow 
jH'ta Is  but  little  exceeding  the  short  sepals;  pods  orlucular,  with  a  thin 
margin,  slightlv  emarginate,  1}4  lines  in  diameter,  a  little  exceeding  the 
persistent  sepals,  pubescent,  4-8  seeded,  on  spreading  pedicels  a  line  long: 
style  half  a  hne  long.  A  native  of  S(  rthern  Europe  sparingly  introduced 
at  Seattle  Washington  and  the  eustern  states. 

•  *  *  *  *    Pod8  oblong  elliptical  or  ohlanceolate  rarely  linear 
2-sevexal-seeded.     Stamens   unappendaged. 

16  EROPHILA  DC.  Syst.  ii,  350. 

Stellate-pubescent  scapose  winter-annual  with  entire  or  coarsely 
toothed  leaves  and  white  flowers  in  very  early  spring.  Sepals 
equal  at  dase.  Petals  2-Iobed  or  2-parted.  Style  short  or  none. 
Pods  oblong,  compressed,  with  membranaceous  convex  1-nerved 
valves.    Seeds  numerous  in  2  rows  in  each  cell. 


c.  Draba  verna  L.  Sp.  ii,  o42.    Scapes   naked,  1-6 

lea%es  lanceolate,  somewhat  toothed :  pods  glabrous, 

1-4  lines  lon*^,  shorter  than  the  spreading  pedicels : 

Introd^ccU  from  Europe.  Well  established  at  Van- 


E.  VUUMBI8  DC.  1. 
inches  high,  flliform : 
round-oval  to  oblong, 
stigma  nearlj^  sessile, 
couver  Washington. 

17  DRABA  Dill.  Cat.  PI.    Giss.   App.    122.  L.  Gen.  n.  800. 

Low  annual  or  perennial  herbs  with  entire  or  toothed  leaves 
und  white  or  yellow  flowers.  Sepals  short  and  broad,  equal  at 
the  base.  Petals  commonly  obovate,  entire  (rarely  bifid).  Fila- 
ments mostly  flattened, without  teeth  at  the  base.  Anthers  round- 
ed or  oval.  Style  short,  or  slender  and  somewhat  elongated. 
Stigma  simple  or  very  slightly  lobed.  Pod  oval  to  oblong  or 
linear,  flat,  dehiscent.  Seeds  few-many,  in  2  rows,  wingless. 
Cotyledons  accumbent  or  rarely  incumbent. 

§  1  Dlabella,  DC.  Syst.  ii,  332.  351.  Stellate-pubescent  or 
more  or  less  villous  short  caulescent  and  more  or  less  leafy-stem- 
ined  winter-annuals  with  ascending  or  spreading  pedicels,  entire 
or  emarginate  petals  and  smooth  seeds. 

*  Flowers  white :  pedicels  clustered  or  approximate  at  the  end  of  the 
stem  or  branches.    Early  spring  species. 

D.  CaroUiiiana  Walt.  Fl.  Car.  174.  Scape-like  stems  very  slender, 
often  branched.  1-3  inches  high,  smooth;  leaves  obovate  to  oblauceolate,  ob- 
tuse, mostly  entire,  hispid  with  simple  or  branched  hairs:  pedicels  very  short: 
potls  clustered  at  the  end  of  the  stems,  linear,  4-6  lines  long,  20-30-seedfcd, 
glabrous;  stigma  sessile.  Under  "Sage-brush"  Umatilla  Oregon  to  Ontario 
New  England  and  Oai-olina. 

D.  micrautha  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  109.  D.  Cnroliniatia  var.  tnicran- 
tha  Gray  Man.  72.  Stems  leafy  and  hispid  below,  naked  and  smooth 
aboTe:  leaves  cunrate-obovate,  hispid,  entire:  pods  hispid,  linear,  much  longer 
than  the  pedicels.  Open  plains  and  rocky  places,  Klickitat  Washington 
to  Illinois  and  Texas, 

Pedicels  more    remotely    racemose.       Flowers     /ery    small, 
Stigma  sessile  or  nearlj  ho. 

D.  brachjroarpa,  Nutt.  T.  (>v^G.  Fl.  i,  108.  Pubescent  with  minute 
appresscd  atellat«  Uairii  atemu  simple  or  bianehed,  >^-2  inches  high,  from 


white. 


54 


CRUCIFERiE. 


OR AHA. 


i 


ii 


'»! 


an  annual  root,  leafy,  radical  leaves  o\ateto  ovate-oblong,  petioled,  5-7 
lines  long;  upper  ones  oblong-lanceolate  to  linear;  racemes  many-flowertd, 
strict,  elongated  in  fruit:  petals  obovate,  very  slightly  emarglnate:  pods  nar- 
rowly oblong,  glabrous,  1-2  lines  long,  about  the  length  of  the  pedicels ; 
valvesmarked  with  a  median  nerve  and  obscurtly  veined;  cells  4-tt  seeded. 
Wet  places.  Willtniette  Valley  (near  Coburg)  Oregon ,  and  Missouri  to 
Virginia,  Loiiisiana  and  Georgia. 


»  #  ♦ 


few- 


High  mountain  and  northern  species  with  entire  or 
toothed  leaves  and  small  yellow  flowers.  tStigma  sessile. 
1).  iiemorosa,  L.  sp.  ii,  ($4.3.  Pubescent  with  white  branching  hairs : 
stem  slender,  4-8  inclien  high,  branching  from  near  the  base,  leafy: 
leaves  ovate  to  lanceolate,  sparsely  toothed:  petals  einarginate  small,  yellow: 
pods  narrowly  oblong,  hulf  the  length  of  the  spreading  pedicel*,  minutely 
pul»escrtnt.  On  moist  grassy  slo|>es,  Oregon  to  the  Arctic  Circle  and  the 
Great  Lakes. 

1).  Intea,  Gilib.  FI.  Lithuana,  iv,  46.  D.  neiiiorosa  var.  leiocarpa  Lindb. 
Sparingly  hirsute:  stems  verv  slendwr,  often  nearly  or  quite  leafless:  pedicel.s 
coarsely  exceeding  or  even  shorter  than  the  glabrous  pods ,  In  moist  places 
and  river  banks,  valley  of  the  Columbia, 

D.  stenoloba,  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross.  i.  152.  '^tems  slender,  simple,  or  branch- 
ing l)elow,  villous  towards  the  base:  leaves  mostly  subrosulate,  oblong-lan- 
ceolate or  oblaaceolate,  mostly  entire,  usually  more  or  less  villous  and  ciliate : 
pods  linear,  acute,  glabrous,  4-7  lines  long,  equaling  or  exceeding  the 
spreading  pedicels.  Subalpine,  from  the  Sierra  Nevadaa  to  Colorado  and 
Oregon,  and  northwestward  to  Unalaska. 

§  3  Dkab;ea  Lindb.  Linnava  xiii,  318.  Perennials  with  bran- 
ching leafy-tufted  caudcx,  and  soft  flat  not  carinate  leaves. 

Leaves  entire,  less  than  6  lines  long.    Flowers  yellow. 

Watson,  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xx,  354.  Minutely  stellate-pu- 
bescent throughout:  loosely  cespitose:  scapose  stems  about  3  inches  high: 
leaves  rosulate,  broadly  spatulatie  entire  or  rarely  obtusely  toothed,  3-5 
lines  long:  petals  oblanceolate,  oMuse,  3-4  lines  long,  much  exceeding  the 
oval  yellow  sepals:  pods  pubescent,  oblong,  acute,  3-4  lines  long,  beaked 
with  the  sender  style.  On  high  rocky  ridges  of  the  Siskiyou  Mountains 
near  Pi-eston  peak, 

1).  Lemmoni  Watson,  Bot.  Cal.  ii,  430.  Leaves  crowded  at  the  sum- 
mit of  the  stout  branched  caudex,  broadly  oblanceolate,  obtuse  or  obtusish, 
2  to  4  lines  long  with  long  bi-anching  hairs  on  the  margins  and  loosely  scat- 
tered over  the  surface:  scapes  and  corymbed  pedicels  pubescent  with 
spreading  hairs:  flowers  nearly  3  lines  long:  pods  o^  -•  le-lanceolale,  beaked 
with  a  very  short  thick  style,  sparingly  hairy,  3  Ii'"  og,  rather  exceeding 
the  pedicels.      Peaks  of   tiie  Sierra  Nevadas  to  t.  Ilowa  Mountains  in 

eastern  Oregon. 

D.  veiitosa«  Gray,  Am.  Nat  viii,  212.  Cespitohe,  the  slender  branches 
of  the  caudex  more  or  less  densely  leafy:  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse 
or  aciitish,  densely  stellate-pubescent  or  glabrate:  petals  1-3  lines  long, 
much  exceeding  tlie  broad  obtuse  stellate-pubescent  or  glabrate  sepals: 
pods  ovate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  densely  pubescent  or  glabrate,  on  ascending 
pedicels:  style  short  and  slendei'.  Stein  Mountain  sontlieastern  Oregon  to 
northwestern  Wyoming)  Utah  and  Nevada. 


*    Scapose. 
D.  Howellli, 


*  * 


PcapcB  rarely  with  a  single  leaf :  leaves  entire  or  rarely  few- 


toothed  :  flowers  wnite. 

D.  iKTlpet  DC.  Sytt.  ii,  346.    Caudex  with  numerous  slender  matt^ 


DRARA. 
COCHLKARIA. 


CRUCIFERiE. 


55 


[irauchea:  leaves  oblanccolate.  obtuse  or  acutish,  entire,  with  a  stout  midnerve, 
taiii'scent  with  Hhort  ileuse  stellate  pubescence;  scapes  very  sleiuler,  pubes- 
cent; pods  few,  on  smooth  pedicels,  4-8  lines  long,  glabrous:  style  short 
[ind  stout;  stigma  2-lol)ed.  On  Mount  Adams  Washington  to  the  Rocky 
loiintains  and  Brit,  Columbia. 

*  *  *  Caulescent :  stem  few-many-leaved ;  leaves  entire  few-toothed : 

flowers  yellow. 

1).  aureola  "Watson  Bot.  Cal.  ii,  430.  Rather  densely  stellate-pubescent 
throughout:  eaudex  simple  or  branched:  stem  simple.  J -4  inches  high: 
(eaves  numerous,  4-6  lines  long,  oblanceolate,  obtuse,  entire;  the  cauline 
oblong:  racemes  short  and  dense:  calyx  glabrous:  pods  broailly  oblong,  ob- 
tuse, pubescent,  on  short  spreading  pedicels:  style  short  and  stout.  On 
{the  high  peaks  of  the  Cascade  and  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains. 

4  Aizopsis  DC.  Sy.st.  ii,  832.  Loaves  linciir,  entire,  becbm- 
ling  rigid  Avith  reflexed  margins,  and  earinate  by  the  prominent 
Iniidnerve.   Densely  cespitose  and  scapose  })erennials. 

D.  glabella  Adams  Menr*..  tSoc.  Nat.  Mosc.  v.  lOG.  Alpine  or  subalpine : 
jleavea  linear  or  linear-oblanceolate,  more  or  less  densely  stellate-pubescent, 
Isometimes  ciliate  at  base,  pods  ovate  to  ovatt'  oblong,  acute,  usually  finely 
Ipubescent,  1-4  lines  long:  ntyle  |-J  line  long.  In  the  high  mountains  of 
I  California  and  eastern  Oregon  to  the  Arctic  Circle  and  the  Rocky  Mt's 

1).  denslfolia  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.i,  104  Densely  cespitose  in  somewhat  glo- 

Ibose  tufts:  leaves  closely  imbricated,  short  and  rigid,  strongly  ciliate,  glab- 

Irousor  hirsute  with  nearly  simple  hairs:  scapes  naked,  hirsute:  pods  ovate, 

pubescent,  4-6-seeded ;  the  valves  only  moderately  convex:  style  about  j 

I  the  length  of  the  pod.      Alpine,  Idaho  to  California,  Nevada  and  Utah. 

1).  DoaglAsii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  vii,328.  Braija  Oregonensis  Gray  I. 

\c.  :rvii,  199.  Densely  cespitose,  )^-2  inches  high,  verv  leafy :  leaves  oblan- 
ceolate to  linear-spatulate,  acute,  somewhat  rigid,  ciliate,  sessile,  4-()  lines 

I  long :  peduncles  scarsely  exceeding  the  leaves :  pods  ovate,  subterete,  acute 
at  each  end,  attenuate  upwards  to  the  long  slender  style,  pubescent :  ovules 

I  only  2,  rarely  4,  in  each  cell,  pendent  from  near  the  apex  of  the  cell:  seeds 
very  large.  On  the  high  hills  in  wet  gravely  places,  Klickitat  Co.  Wash. 
to  California. 

17    COCHLEARIA  Tourn.    Inst.  215,  t.  101,  L.  Gen.  n.  803. 

Low  glabrous  and  somewhat  succulent  herbs  with  mostly  en- 
tire leaves  and  small  white  flowers.  Sepalf?  short  and  broad, 
rounded  at  the  apex  :  petals  obovate  or  cuneate  very  short  ungui- 
culate.  Stamens  straight,  free.  Style  slender,  sometimes  very 
short.  Stigma  simple  or  nearly  so.  Pods  subglobose  to  short 
oblong  often  somewhat  obcomj)ressed,  very  turgid :  valves  dis- 
tinctly 1 -nerved.  Seeds  2-several,  in  2  rows  in  each  cell.  Coty- 
ledons accumbent.  -/      ' 

C.  Anglica  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  10,  1128  &  8i)ec.  ed  2,  ii,  903.  (?)  Radical 
leaves  long-petiolecl,  ovate  or  suborbicular  rounded  at  the  base  or  slightly 
and  broadly  cordate,  subentire ;  lower  cauline  similar,  short  petioled,  the 
middle  and  upper  ones  ovate-oblong  sparingly  and  bluntly  toothed,  sessile 
by  a  more  or  less  auriculate  base :  pods  subglobose  reticulated  with  promi- 
nent veins.    Shores  of  bogs,  etc.,  Oregon  to  Alaska. 

Tribe  III.  Sisymhriex  DC.  Pods  longitudinally  dehiscent  their 
whole  length,  1-celled,  linear  to  oblong.    Seeds  in  1  row,  not  mar' 


99> 


CRUCIFER/K. 


MOPHIA. 
KKY8IMVM. 


fjinrd.     f^ntylrdonH  plane,  incuwhent. 

18    HOPHIA  L.   Syst.  ed.  1  AdaniH   Fam.  ii,  417. 
SISYMBRIUM   of  anthoi'H  an  to  our  phtntit. 

Erect  branching  annuals   with   pinnalely   multifid  leaves  am 
small  yellow  flowers.     Pubescence  branched.     Sepals  oblong   toj 
linear,  usually  spreading.      Stamens  (>,  free  and    unappendagei 
Pods  ascending  or  somewhat  spreading,  on   slender   j)edicels  oli-l 
long-linear,  subterete,  less   than    an   inch   long.     Style  short  or 
none.     Stigma  entire. 

S.  ptnnata  Erymnum  pinnatum  Walt.  {1788).  Sisymbrium  caneiccnA 
Nutt.  {1818).  Canescently  pubescent:  steins  (5-30  inches  high:  leaves  1-J- 
pinnatifld,  the  segments  toothed  or  pinnatifid:  pi'tals  equaling  the  sepals, 
a  line  long  or  less:  pods  oblong  or  linear-oblong,  nearly  or  quite  aline 
broad,  y-tt  li-:e8  long,  acute  at  each  end,  shorter  than  the  slender  spread- 
ing pedicels :  seeds  ovate-oblong,  Vs  hne  long,  in  2  rows  in  each  cell. ' 
Eastern  Oregon  and  Washington  t(»  southern  California,  Florida  and  Brit, 
Columbia. 

8.    liidsa  Greene  Pitt,  iii,  95.    Sisymbrium  incisum   Engehn.     Pubos-I 
cence  short,  more  or    less  glandular :  stems   1-4  feet  high  :  leaves  pinnate, 
the  segments  from  linear  to  oblong,  pinnatifid  or  sometimes  entire :   pet- 
als about  l}4   lines  long :  potls  nearly   linear,  often  ^  inch  long,  usually 
pointed  at  each  end  and  8-12  seeded,  sometimes  much  shorter  and  few- 1 
seeded.    Valley  of  the  Snake  River  to  Nevada  and  Colorado. 

S.  Hartweglana  Greene  1.  c.  Sisymbrium  Hartwegianum  Fovrn. 
Slender,  subglabrous  or  finely  glandular-puberulent :  leaves  pinnate ;  leaf-  ] 
lets  lanceolate  or  narrowly  oblong,  obtuse  and  obtusely  or  acutely  toothed: 
pods  1)^-3  lines  long,  erect  on  ascending  or  erect  pvidieels  as  long:  seeds 
sometimes  imperfectly  biseriate.  Eastern  Oregon  and  Washington  to  Cal- 
ifornia, Colorado  and  British  Columbia. 

S.  longlpedicellata.  Sisymbrinm  longipedicellatum  Fonrn.  Slender, 
6-8  inches  high,  nearly  or  quite  glabrous:  lower  leaves  1-2-pinnatifid, 
the  upper  pinnate  with  few  elongated  linear  nearly  or  quite 
entire  segments:  fruiting  racemes  lax:  pods  6-7  lines  long,  erect  <m 
slender  spreading  or  ascending  pedicels  6-10  lines  long.  Brit.  Columbia 
to  Oregon  and  Nevada,    Not  common  east  of  the  Cascades. 

19    ERYSIMUM  Tourn.  Inst.  228  t.  HI,  L.  Gen.  648. 

Pods  subsessile,  erect,  apprcssed  to  the  rachis,  subulate,  taper- 
ing almost  from  base  to  apex.  Flowers  small  and  inconspicu- 
ous, yellow.  Stigma  slightly  2-lobed.  Pubescence  of  simple 
hairs.     Leaves  pinnatifid. 

E.  OFKiciNALB  L.  Sp.  li,  660.  Sisiimbrinm  officinale  Scop.  Annual  or  bi- 
ennial, erect,  rigid,  divaricately  branching:  leaves  runcinate-pinnatifid, 
the  lowest  3-6  inches  long:  pods  subterete,  half  an  inch  long,  a  line  wide, 
subsessile,  closely  appresaed,  in  a  long  raceme.  Common  in  waste  places'. 
Naturalized  from  Europe. 

20    SMELOWSKIA  C.  A.  Meyer  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Alt.  iii,  165. 

Low  cespitose  perennials  with  pinnatifid  or  bipinnatifid  leaves 
and  small  fllowers  in  terminal  racemes.  Pubescence  simple  or 
stellate.  Sepals  oblong,  subequal,  somewhat  spreading.  Petals 
entire,  obovate  or  spatulate,  longer  than  the   sepals.     Stamens  (l, 


n.MKU)\VMKIA. 
Sl'lKKNOC'KAMBK. 


CRUCIFERyE. 


M 


hill  ippendaged.     Anthers  oblong,  Hlightly  sagittate  at  base.  Pods 
liuiceolate   or     lanco-oblong,  more  or    less   obcompressed,  with 
|sharply  keeled  valves,  few-seeded.     Stigma  sessile. 

H.    calydna  C.  A.  Meyer  1.  c.  170.    Densely  white  tomentose  to  nearly 

Lliibroufl ;  ceHpitose,  the    thick  branching    rootstook  thickly  covere<lwith 

Itlic  i^heathing  haaen  i,i  dead  leaves,  stems  erect,  2-(i  inches  high :  leaves 

nio-itly  radical  and  with  long  slender  petioles,  pinnate  or  pinnatittd,  st'g- 

nients  linear  to  oblong,  entire  or  sparingly  lobed  :  calyx  villous,  persistent: 

hK'tals  2  lines  long,  a  half  longer  than  the  sepals :  pods  3-6  lines  long  a  line 

wiile  attenuate  to  each  end  and  l)eaked  with  the  short  style  ami  broad 

stigma,  ascending,  on  spreading  pedicels:  seeds  2-8,  a  line  long.    Califor- 

|nia  to  the  Arctic  coast,  east  to  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

S,  Fremont!  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xi,  12;5,  Pubescent  with  short 
I  spreading  scattered  hairs,  the  branching  woody  base  with  a  few  remnants 
of  old  leaves :  stems  2-4  inches  high:  leaves  less  than  half  an  inch  long, 
pinnate  with  1-3  pairs  of  linear  leaflets,  which  are  strongly  nerved  and 
I  somewhat  revolute :  sepals  smooth,  ovate  to  broadly  oblong,  less  than  a 
line  long,  deciduous :  the  white  petals  twice  longer:  T>ods  2-6  lines  long 
somewhat  obcompressed,  obtuse  at  base  and  scarcely  attenuate  above, 
beaked  with  the  short  thick  style,  valves  faintly  nerved:  seeds  small,  10 
or  more  in  each  cell ;  cotyledons  obliquely  incumbent.  Southeastern  Ore- 
|gon  to  northern  California. 

21    SCHCENOCRAMBE  Greene  Pitt,   iii,  127. 

Glaucous  perennial  herbs,  the  stems   from   horizontal  branch- 
ling  rootstocks,  often   sparingly   leafy   and  the  whole  plant  of  a 
reedy  aspect.     Sepals   equal  at   base.     Petals  yellow,  the  limb 
small  in  proportion  to  the  long  and  broad  claw  fthis  much  as  in 
StieptanthusJ.      Pods    slender   terete,   somewhat  torulose,   the 
I  valves  nerveless  or  faintly  1-nerved.     Stigma  entire. 

S.  lliilfolia  Greene  1.  c.  Sisymbrium  linifoliam  Nutt.  Stems  numer- 
ous slender,  branching,  erect,  1-2  feet  high :  lowest  leaves  somewhat  bpat- 
ulate,  often  coarsely  few-toothed ;  cauline  oblong-linear  to  narrowly  lin- 
ear, obtuse,  entire,  1-2  inches  long :  racemes  rather  few-flowered,  lax  in 
fruit :  flowers  2-3  lines  long :  fruiting  pedicels  4-5  lines  long  the  slender  pods 
about  1)^  inches  long,  ascending  or  subv'rect:  seeds  elongated,  scarcely 
compressed.  On  clayey  bluffs  and  bankit',  Oregon  and  Washington  to 
Montana  and  Wyoming.  .. 

Tribe  IV.  Stanley  a.'.  Pods  longitudinally  2-celled  dehiscent 
their  whole  length,  terete  or  prismatic,  borne  xipon  a  more  or  less 
manifest  stipe.  Stigma  mostly  circular  in  outline,  sessile.  Coty- 
ledons incumbent.  >      ;iw,  ■ 

22    THELYPODIUM  Endl.  Gen.  876. 

Mostly  coarse  and  succulent  biennial  or  annual  herbs  with 
entire  or  pinnatifid  leaves  and  white  purple  or  rarely  yellow  flow- 
ers in  usually  dense  elongated  racemes.  Sepals  equal  or  the  lat- 
eral pair  saccate  at  base,  at  length  somewhat  spreading.  Petals 
plane,  long  and  narrow  or  with  a  well  developed  blade.  Stamens 
(),  Avell  exserted ;  filaments  long  and  slender ;  anthers  narrowly 
linear,  sagittate  at  base  curved  or  coiled.  Stig.na  usually  small. 
Pods  slender,  terete  or  quadrangular,  often  torulose,  borne  upon 
a  short  thick   stipe.     Seeds  in   1   row   somewhat  compressed. 


w 


CRUCIFERJ!:. 


rilKI-YI'ODlUM. 


Cotyledons  more  or  less  ol)li<iue. 

T.     HowelUi   WfttHon   Proc.   Am.   Aend.   xxi,  445.    GlabrouH  and  ^Itiii- 
couH  but  the  biiHe  of  the  8tt>m  and  the  radical  U'aveH  villouH  witli  ftnreadinj 
iuiirs :  HteinB  erect,    Blender,  nparinnly    branched  or  simple,  <V-ln  inclu'dj 
high  from  an  annual  or  biennial  root:  radical  heaven  numeroun  in  a  roKii- 
late  tuft,  ol)lanceolate ,  obtusiHh,  coarnelv  toothed  or  pinnatiHd,  narrowid  I 
at  the  base,  an  inch  or  two  long;  cauline  leaveH  linear-lanceolate  attenii-j 
ate,  sagittate,  auriculate    erect  and    usually  appresHCil,  0-12    lines   lon^: 
racemes  rather  short    and  loose,  the  flowers  scattered  and  ascending  iin| 
short  pedicels ;  sepalf  oblong  2-3  lines  long  the  lower  pair  distinctly  sac- 
cate at  base:  petals  narrow,  crisp  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals:  pods  ascend- 
ing 12-16  lines  long,  slender  beaked.    In  grassy  meadows  Harney  vallfvl 
Oregon  and  at  Camp  Polk  on  the  eastern  base  of  the  Cascade  Mountains. 

T.  eucosnium  Robinson  in  (iray  Syn.  Fl.  i,  I7r).  CJlahrous,  stt^ms  as-l 
(•ending  from  an  annual  or  V)iennial  root  i\-\S  inches  high,  freely  bran(li-| 
ing:  lower  leaves  ovate,  long  petioled;  cauline  leaves  oblong  (jr  lanceolatv' 
entire  spreading,  1-3  inches  long:  racemes  very-many-tlo  we  red ;  flowcrgl 
deep  purple  usually  horizontal  on  spreading  jx^dicels  2-3  lines  long:  petiilsj 
spatulate  4  lines  long :  pods  arcuate  ascending  1-2  inches  long :  mature  fniiil 
not  known.  On  moist  slopes  of  the  Blue  M(»untain8  at  Ilaker  City,  R.  /),' 
Nevhis,  and  near  Canyon  City  Oregon,  Jfowell, 

T.  flexaosum  Robinson  1.  c.  Stems  slender  weak  and  subdecumbeiit,! 
flexuous,  nearly  naked  above:  radical  leaves  numerous  lanceolate,  inchul-l 
ing  the  slender  petiole  3-6  inches  long:  ciuiline  leaves  distant,  all  or  ml 
least  the  upper  much  reduced,  linear-oblong  or  lance-linear  with  narrow! 
acutish  auricles :  racemes  rather  loose  and  somewhat  few-flowered ;  flow-l 
ers  usually  horizontal  on  short  wdicels ;  j)etals  spatulate,  3-4  lines  loiij|,l 
usually  pale :  pods  arcuate  ascending  1-3  inches  long.  In  alkaline  Hoijl 
among  "Sage  brush,"  etc.  Harney  valley  southeastern  Oregon,  Ihvrll] 
to  Nevada  and  California. 

T.    Nnttallii  Watson  Bot.  King,  26.    Glabrous  and  glaucous:  stoinsl 
stout,  branching    above,  3-^  feet  high :  leaves  all  entire  the  radical  omsl 
ovate,  petioled,  often  6-8  inches  long  and  half  as  broad;  cauline  leaven 
lanceolate,  sagittate-clasping :    flowers  rather  large  nearly  erect,  on  pedi- 1 
eels    3-6  lines  long:   petals  ovate-oblong,  the  claw  exceeding  the  sepals,] 
purple  6-8  lines  long :  pods  2-3  inches  long,  nearly  erect  upon  the  spread- 
ing pedicels,  subterete,  more  or  less  torulose    acuminate    with  the   ratlurl 
long  style.    Eastern  Washington  and  Oregon  to  Idaho,  Utah,  Nevada  and 
Arizona. 

T.  iiitegrifoliam  Endl.  Gen.  876.  Glabrous:  stout,  2-6  feet  hifrliJ 
brandling  at  the  summit :  radical  leaves  large  oblong-elliptical,  long-iK't-[ 
ioled;  cauline  leaves  mostly  narrowly  lanceolate  1-2  inches  long  sessile  iiotl 
auriculate,  ascending,  the  uppermost  linear:  flowers  crowded  and  almost | 
corymbose  at  the  end  of  the  branches:  sepals  1%-2W  lines  long :  petulsl 
spatulate-obovate,  pale  rose-color:  fruiting  racemes  snort  and  crowded:! 
fKxls  6-15  lines  long,  somewhat  torulose  accuminate  with  the  slenderl 
style,  curved  upwards  on  divaricate,  commonly  thickened  and  rijjid  pedir 
eels  1-5  lines  long.  On  plains,  Washington  to  southern  California,  Colo| 
rado  and  Nebraska. 

T.    laclnlatnin  Endl.  1.  c.    Glabrous:  stems  stout  erect  1-6  feet  hi>;li,| 
simple  or  branched;  leaves  all  petioled  l-(>  inches  or  more  long,  lanceolate| 
to  broadly  oblong,  laciniately  pinnatifid  or  coarsely  and  equsuly  sinuate- 
toothed:  racemes  long  and  crowded:  sepals  narrowly  lanceolate,  acunii- 1 
nate  3-4  lines  long,  al)out  half  as  long  as  the  linear-spatulate  petals:  aii-l 
thers  long-exserted :  pods  2-3  inches  long  pointed   with  the  slender  style, 
distinctly  stipitate,  erect  on  short  stout  dtvaricately  spreading  pedicVli', 
Among  rocks,  etc.,  at  the  base  of  cliffs  alon^the  Columbia,  river  in  Oregonl 
and  Waihington  to  California  and  Nevada. 


spam-rya. 

IIKAYA. 


CRUCIFKH.1']. 


50 


|T.  Uttlophyllnm  Greeiu'  Hull.  Torr.  dub  xiii,  142.  SUijinhniim  re- 
1,(0/1  Nutt.  I'roc.  Acad,  I'hilnil.  Hi,  Jfl,  Erect  annuiil,  liiHpid'la'low,  often 
Vdi'iliisli  altove:  leiivt'fl  ohlanwoliito  or  oMonij;  in  outliiiu  irrennlarly  sin- 
jitt'-tnotiiecl  or  v>iiuuitiH(l  witli  fproudinj?  lunitf  or  ohtuHo  entirf  or  toothed 
ijimiitB  l"n-H  inches  loniij,  petiolod,  or  tin-  upper  eoHHile  by  a  narrow 
iHc;  flowerH  flmall,  roHentc  or  yellowiHli  white;  nepalH  oblong,  little  more 
Inn  half  aH  long  as  the  Hpatulate-oblong  petals:  fruiting  pedicels  %-\% 
jit'H  long,  curved:  pods  UHually  deHexed,  slender,  slightly  curveil,  attem- 
ite  iit  apex ;  stigma  entire.  Sandy  and  rocky  soil,  easttirn  Washington  to 
UltDrniuand  Utah. 

23    STAN LKYA  Nutt.  den.  ii,  21. 

Stout  biennial  or  iMTcnnial  herbs  witb  entire  or  fow-tootlied 
laves  and  wbite  to  yellow  ilowcrs  in  ('Ion|j;ated  niany-Howcrcd 
Icenios.  Calyx  long,  cylindrical  or  clavate  in  bud,  at  length 
^roiiding.     Petals  long  and   narrow,  slender-clawed  ;  stamens  (>, 

I'o.  Anthers  linear,  not  sagittate,  spreading.  Htignia  sessile 
titire.      Pods   terete,  or    subterete.  borne    on   a   slender   stipe; 

Ives  slender,  1-nerved.  Seeds  oblong,  in  1  row.  Cotylede  is 
icinnbent. 

18.  virldlllora  Nntt .  T.  cfe  G.  Fl.  i,  98.  Glabrous :  stt'ms  stout,  mostly 
uple  erect  or  Homewhat  decuml)ent,  1-4  feet  high,  angulate :  leavcf 
jickish,  the  lower  ones  ovate  to  oblanceolate  sometimes  a  little  angled  u: 
Incinately  l-2-toothed  or  even  pinnatifid  at  the  base,  attenuate  below 
Ito  long  fiat  winged  antl  often  somewhat  toothed  petioles ;  middle  cauline 
m-eolate-hastate,  acute,  entire  gradually  reduced  upwards:  racemes  long, 
lually  simple ;  pedicels  stoutish  3-4  lines  long,  spreading :  buds  becoming 
lines  long  and  scattered  before  oix'uing  by  the  rapi«l  growth  of  the  axis 
bwers  greenish,  t)ods  very  narrow,  3-4  inches  long,  on  stipes  (i-lO  lines 
[i^.    Oregon  and  Nevada  to  Wyoming  and  Montana. 

confertiflora.  »S',  vindijiom  var.  confertiflora,  Rohinmn  in  Gray 
Mn.  h.  i,  178.  Glabrous :  stems  usually  simple,  terete  1-3  feet  high": 
lives  obovate  or  lanceolate,  usUally  entire,  upper  ones  clasping  and  sag- 
jiitc:  racemes  densely  nuiny-nowered,  buds  4-5  lines  long  densely 
jcked  together  until  theyojien  :  sepals  and  petals  linear,  white:  jjods  nar- 
|w,  8-12  lines  long,  stipes  more  than  half  as  lon^  as  the  pods,  on  slender 
varicate  pedicels  <}-8  lines  long.  On  alkaline  plains  at  the  base  of  Stein's 
lountain,  southeastern  Oregon. 

{Tribe  V.     Cavielinen'.    Pods  short,  scarcely  longer  than   broad, 
ohcompresaed    orhicidar-ohorate   to  elliptical  or  linear-ohlong. 
f)tyIedons  acciimbent. 

24    BRAYA  Sternb.  &  Hoppe  Regensb.  Denkschr.  i,  pt.  1.  i«S. 

Perennial  herbs  from  a  usually  thiekish  single  root  having  a 
[ulticipital    eaudex,   ehiefly   tufted,  entire   or    merely   dentate 

ives  and  wliite  or  purplish  flowers  in  a  globular  her/1.  Sepals 
kort,  rounded  at  apex,  etjual  at  base.  Petals  exsorted,  entire, 
lort-clawed.  Stamens  (i,  free  and  unappcndaged.  Anthers 
kort-ovate.     Style   short,  persistent.      Stigma  more  or  less  dis- 

ictly  2-lobed.  Pods  oblong  to  linear -oblong,  with  flatfish  or 
bnvex  faintly  1-nerved  not  keeled  valves.  Cotyledons  incum- 
}nt, 

IB.  hauiUlg  Robinson  in  Gray  Syn.  Fl.  i,  141.  Siaymbrium  hmnile,  C.  A. 
\tycr  in  Ledtb.  Fl.  Alt.  Hi,  IS7.    Pubescent  throughout  with  branched 


60 


CRUCIFKR40. 


% 


-ill 


rA.MKM.VA. 
HUltiriiAKIA. 


hairs;  root  single,  not  strongly  thickened!  stems  several,  spreading 
ascending  simple  or  branched  leafy,  2-10  inches  high,  terete,  slender  wirvl 
leaves  linear-oDlong  or  spatulate,  subentire  to  shallowly  sinuate  pinnatHi'ilT 
chiefly  basal,  the  cauline  rather  small  and  remote:  flowers  small,  white ol 
puri>hsh :  pods  linear,  terete,  more  or  less  torulose,  erect,  5-9  lines  lonJ 
partition  nerveless.  Alaska  to  Oregon  and  Willoughby  Mountaif 
Vermont. 


25 


i,  17. 


CAMELINA  Crantz  Fl,  Aust. 

Erect  annuals  with  sagittate-clasping  entire  or  dentate  to  ])iiil 
natifid  leaves  and  pale  yellow  or  white  flowers.  Sepals  shortj 
oblong,  obtuse  thin-margined,  subequal  at  base,  more  or  less  col 
ored,  often  villous.  Petals  spatulate  or  obovate,  unguiculata 
Stamens  6,  free  and  unappendaged.  Style  slender :  stigma  m\ 
pie.  Pods  obovoid  2-celled,  many-seeded,  with  a  broad  thin  obJ 
void  persistent  pai-tition  and  somewhat  firm  strongly  convel 
valves.  Seeds  in  2  rows  in  the  cells  wingless.  Cotyledoiij 
incumbent. 

C.  SATiVA  Crantz  1.  c.  Stems  simple  or  sparingly  branched  abovl 
1-4  I'eet  high  leafy,  nearly  glabrous  or  somewhat  hirsute :  leaves  erect  ei[ 
tire  or  nearly  so:  flowers  rather  small,  light  yellow:  fruiting  pedia'j 
spreading,  pods  obovate,  liecoming  3-4  lines  long  three-fourths  as  broaJ 
glabrous,  margined,  finely  reticulate  and  slightly  ribbed  upon  the  facei 
An  introduced  weed  becoming  common  from  Seattle  Washington,  to  Calj 
ifornia  and  across  the  continent. 

26    SUBULARIA  L.  Gen.  n.  799. 

Dwarf  stemless  aquatic  herbs  with  tufted  subulate  leaves  aiil 
few   minute    white  flowers.      Pods   small,  ovoid,  slightly  coij 
pressed  contrary  to  the  partition.     Style   none,  valves  convex, 
nerved.    Seeds  several  in  each  cell,  not  margined.    Cotylec'cii] 
incumbent. 

S.  aqaatica  L.  Sp.  ii,  642.  Htems  elender,  1-3  inches  high,fri)i 
slender  running  rootstocks  with  numerous  fibrous  rootlets ;  leaves  sulm 
late,  usually  shorter  than  the  scape :  flowers  scattered,  less  than  a  liiJ 
long,  the  petals  not  exserted :  pods  1%  lines  long,  about  equaling  tho  m 
icels,  obtuse.  Edge  of  ponds,  etc.,  Vancouver  Island  to  California,  Wyl 
ming,  Maine,  New  Hampshire  aud  Canada. 

Tribe  VI.  Bruadcem,  DC.  Pods  elongated,  terete  or  somewhi 
prismatic,  often  torulose,  usually  partially  or  wholly  dehimm 
by  2  valves,  2-celled  with  a  longitudinal  membranous  partitioi 
Seeds  in  1  or  2  rows  in  the  cells.  Cotyledons  conduplicate.  Petal 
well  developed. 

12    BRASSICA    Tourn.  Inst.  218   t.  106  L.  Gen.    n.  820. 

Coarse  erect  annual  or  biennial  herbs  of  European  or  Asiati] 
origin  with  usually  (at  least  the  lowest)  leaves  lyrate  and  con 
paratively  large  yellow  flowers.  Sepals  equal,  or  one  pairoftel 
saccate  at  base.  Anthers  long,  sagittate  at  base.  Pods  liiieaf 
nearly  terete  or  somewhat  4^sided,  pointed  with  a  conical  beak  iiij 
stipitate,  with  1-3  nerved  valves.  Seeds  in  1  row  globose,  iiol 
margined. 


BCRSA. 

HCTCHIN8IA. 


CRUCIFER.E. 


61 


B.  CAMPE8TRI8  L.  Sp.  U,  0(36,  Aiinual  or  sometimes  biennial,  smooth,  2-3 
et  liigh :  lower  leaves  more  or  less  glaucous  pinnately  divided  with  a  large 
^rminal  lobe,  the  upper  leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate  with  a  broad  claap/ng 
lurioulate  base:  flowers  3-4  lines  long:  pods  nearly  terete  2  inches  long  or 
Lore,  2  lines  wide,  ascending  on  spreading  pedicels;  the  stout  beak  8-10 
pneH  long.    Cultivated  fields,  etc., 

B,  NIGRA  Koch  in  Roehl.  Deutschl.  Fl.  ed.  3,  iv,  713.  Glabrous  or  with 
Dine  scattered  spreading  hairs,  annual,  branching.  )^-12  feet  high:  leaves 
111  petioled,  the  lower  lyrate  with  the  terminal  segment  very  large  and 
leeply  lobed ;  upper  leaves  lobed  or  entire :  petals  3-4  lines  long  twice  the 
Wth  of  the  yeUowish  sepals:  pods  closely  appressed,  4  angled,  6-9  lines 
me,  sharply  beaked  with  the  long  style ;  seeds  aark  brown.  In  cultivated 
leWs.  Introduced  from  Europe. 

Tribe  VII  lApidineoe  DC.  Pods  short,  2-celUd.  strongly  oh- 
nmpressed,  dehiscent.  Cotyledons  accumbent  or  incumbent.  Pabes- 
mce  wholly  simple. 

28    BURSA  Weber  in  Wigg.  Fl.  Hols.  27,  (1780). 

Low  annual  with  oblong  or  oblanceolate  leaves,  small  white 
lowers  in  elongated  racemes,  and  cuneate-obcordate  pods,  Se])- 
jls  ovate,  obtuse,  thin-margined,  not  saccate  at  base.  Petals 
inall,  spatulate.  Stamens  free  and  unappendaged.  Style  almost 
lone.  Pods  obcordate,  the  valves  carinate,  strongly  compress- 
ll  contrary  to  the  narrow,  thin  and  nerveless  partition.  Coty- 
bdons  incumbent. 

I B.  BuRSA-PASTORis  Weber  1.  c.  More  or  less  hirsute  at  base,  otherwise 
labrous:  stems  6-18  inches  high,  branching:  radical  leaves  mostly  runcin- 
p-pinnatifid,  1-6  inches  long ;  cauline  lanceolate,  auricled  at  base,  toothed 

'  eniire-:  pods  cuneate-triangular  or  truncate-emarginate  above,  1-2  lines 
|mg  and  broad :  pedicels  widely   spreading :  seeds  numerous.    Common 

verywhere.    Introduced  from  Europe. 

29    HUTCHINSIA  R.  Br.  Hort.  Kew  iv,  85. 

Small  annuals  with  pinnatifid  leaves  and  small  white  flowers 
terminal  racemes.  Sepals  ovate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  not  saccate 
base,  at  length  spreading.  Petals  small.  Stamens  free  and 
Inappendaged.  Stigma  sessile.  Pods  ovate  or  elliptical.  Valves 
pmbranaceous,  but  little  compressed  contrary  to  the  parti- 
Ion,  somewhat  tumid,  slightly  carinate,  wingless :  cells  many- 
peded.    Cotyledons  i)icumbent. 

JH.  procumbens  Desv.  Jour.  Bot.  iii,  168.  Capsella  divaricata  W.  Low, 
leak  and  spreading,  very  minutely  stellate-pubescent  or  glabrous  through- 
lit:  leaves  thin,  small,  spatulate  or  lanceolate,  the  lowe^  commonly  with  a 
Iw  blunt  teeth  or  more  or  less  deeply  pinnattfid:  stems  nearly  filiform, 
^xuous :  flowers  minute :  sepals  ovate-elliptic,  obtuse,  thin-margined, 
Dut  equaled  by  the  narrow  white  petals :  pods  elliptic-oblong  1-2  lines 
Ing:  entire  at  the  aj^x.  In  moist  saline  places,  eastern  Oregon  and 
yaahington  to  California,  Brit.  Columbia  and  Wyoming. 

30    CORONOPUS  Ruellius. 

Diffuse  prostrate  heavy-scented  annuals  with  pinnatifid   leaves 
id  small  greenish  flowers.    Sepals  equal  at  base,  oval,  spreading, 
Iften  fugacious.     Stamens  free  and  unappendaged,  all  G  present, 


CRUCIFER^:. 


COHOTiOPUS. 
LEPIDIUM. 


LEPIDIUM. 


Stig{ 
(lil 


or  only  4  or  2.  Anthers  short,  somewhat  didymous 
sessile,  nearl}'  or  quite  simple.  Pods  more  or  less  distinctly 
ymous,  the  valves  thickish,  often  sculptured  or  tuberculate  tii! 
ing  off  as  1-seeded  closed  or  nearly  closed  nutlets.  Embryo  foil 
ed  above  the  base  of  the  incumbent  cotyledons. 

C.  DiYYMUB  Smith  Fl.  Britt.  11,691.  Annual  or  biennial :  stems  mil 
ei'ous  and  slender :  leaves  short  an  Inch  or  less  long  plnnately  parted  wi 
7-y  lanceolate  entire  or  sparingly  toothed  segments :  flowers  very  Hinsf 
greenish  white:  petals  minute  or  none:  pods  small,  1-1)^  lines  Imj 
notched  at  both  ends,  thus  appearing  transversely  2-lobed ;  valves  tun 
and  finely  wrinkled.  In  moist  soil  and  ditches,  California  to  Vancouvorl 
land  near  the  coast,  and  along  the  Atlantic  seaboard.  Introduced  in 
Europe. 

C.  RuELLii  All.  Fed.  n.  634.  Annual  or  biennial :  stems  rather  ,«toi| 
leaves  an  inch  or  more  long  pinnatifid  with  narrow  lanceolate  entiixj 
sparingly  toothed  segments :  pods  flattened  1)^-2  lines  broad,  not  notdl 
at)ove  nor  divided  into  2  lobes,  strongly  roughened  and  somewhat  cresi 
by  radiating  prominences.  Roadsides  and  rubbish  heaps,  Poriland 
gon,  and  the  Atlantic  States.    Introduced  from  Europe. 

31    LEPIDIUM    Tourn.  Inst.  215,  t.  109.  L.  Gen.  n.  801. 

Low  herbs  with  small  pinnatifid  leaves  and  small  white  or  yl 
low  flowers  in  terminal  racemes.  Sepals  short,  ovate  or  ellipti 
oblong,  obtuse,  equal  at  base,  more  or  less  spreading:  Petal 
tire,  rounded  at  the  apex  :  sometimes  abortive  or  none.  StaiiiA 
free,  unappendaged,  all  6  present  or  by  abortion  only  4  or  2  pi 
sent,  these  representing  the  two  larger  pair.  Style  slender  J 
more  or  less  elongated,  or  none.  Pods  orbicular  or  ovate,  emai  gil 
ate  or  deeply  notched  at  the  apex,  strongly  com])ressed  contiaj 
to  the  narrow  partition.  Valves  acutely  carinate ;  the  cej 
1-seeded.  Seeds  not  w'inged.  Cotyledons  incumbent  or  ran 
accumbent. 

§  1  Style  slender,  sometimes  rather   short   but   distinctly 
veloped  and  persistent.     Cotyledons  incumbent. 

L.  mciita/ixim  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  1,116.  Puberulent  or  nearlyi 
brous :  stems  several  from  a  perennial,  somewhat  ligneous  root,  8-15  iiiJ 
long,  decumbent  and  spreading  in  a  somewhat  circular  manner:  radi 
leaves  more  or  less  bipinnatifid  with  short-oblong  acute  segments;  iipa 
m"o8t  leave-  trifid  or  linear  and  entire :  petals  nearly  twice  as  long  as  j 
oval  oblong  sepals :  style  conspicuous :  pods  a  line  broad  elliptical,  sliga 
emarginate,  wingless  or  obscurely  winged  above,  with  short  acutish  tw 
Plains  and  mountain  valleys,  Washington  to  California  and  the  li« 
Mountains. 

L.  integrifolla  Nutt.  1.  c.  Glabrous  or  puberulent:  stems  sevi 
from  a  single  stout  root,  branching  from  the  base :  leaves  oblong,  obij 
ceolate  or  spatulate,  acute  or  apiculate,  thickish,  1-2  inches  long;  I'^n-f 
lines  broad,  entire:  racemes  single  and  terminal,  or  more  commonly i 
eral,  1-2  inches  long :  pedicels  spreading,  3-4  lines  long:  petals  obon 
white,  about  twice  the  length  ot  the  broad  membranaceous  sepals,  inl 
tinctly  and  broadly  clawed,  deciduous  with  the  sepals:  stamens 2:  cm 
ovate-oblong  1)^-2  lines  long,  barely  retuse  inconspicuously  reticul^ 
when  quite  ripe.    Southeastern  Washington  to  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

L.  CAMPEBTBE  R.  Br.  in  Ait.  f.  Kew  ed.  2,  iv,  88.  Pubescent :  sti 
erect,  eimple  and  very  leafy  up  to  the  inflorescence,  a  foot  or  more  hij 


LBPIDICM. 


CRUCIFER^E. 


eaves  oblong,  obtuse,  denticulate,  erect,  the  lower  ones  narrowed  to  slen 
"er  petioles ;  the  upper  sessile  by  a  long  sagittate-clasping  base :  pedicel- 
orizontally  spreading,  a  little  shorter  than  the  thiokish,  papilioie  caps- 
ule: petals  white :  anthers  ^vellow:  style  slightly  exserted  from  the  narrow- 


bule    .  .  .  „      .  

Siotch.      In  wet  places,  Waldo  Oregon  and  across  the  continent. 
Idui'ed  from  Europe. 


Intro- 


2  Stigma  sessile   or   subsessile.     Pods  emarginate  or  retuse 
|at  the  apex.     Cotyledons  (in  ours)  incumbent. 

L.  Menziesii  DO.  Syst.  ii ,  539.  More  or  less  pubescent :  stems  slender 
-12  inches  high  from  an  annual  or  biennial  long  slender  perpendic-ular 
b-oot,  simple,  or  branched  above :  radical  leaves  pinnately  parted,  i)etiolate 
bubescent  or  somewhat  hirsute ;  segments  lanceolate,  acutish ;  cauline 
lleaves  merely  toothed,  the  upper  linear  and  entire:  racemes  l-several  not 
[contracted  near  the  summit;  pedicels  slender  early  spreading,  longer  than 
hhe  pods:  petals  4,  white,  exceeding  the  sepals:  stamens  2-4:  pods  orbic- 
War  retuse  glabrous  about  II/3  lines  in  diameter:  seeds  narrowly  winged 
r>n  one  edge.  Oliffs  and  sandy  or  rocky  banks,  Oregon  to  Brit.  Columbia 
near  the  coait,  not  common. 

L.  occidentale  Howell  Eryth.  iii,  32.  Stems.erect  3-12  inches  high 
[from  an  annual  root  pubescent  below  with  short  simple  white  hairs,  pirb- 
erulent  above,  freely  branching:  leaves  1-3  inches  long,  the  lower  pinna- 
kifid  with  obovate  to  oblanceolate  segments,  gradually  reduced  upwards  to 
linear  bracts :  petals  white,  obovate,  narrowed  below  to  a  short  claw, 
rounded  at    the    apex    longer  than  the  obovate  sepals :  stamens  4,  about 

jualing  the  petals :  pods  orbicular,  1^  lines  broad,  on  long  slender  divari- 
[cate  pedicels :   style    very   short :  seeds  obovate,  retuse  below,  narrowly 

vinged  on  the  outer  edge.  On  rocky  hillsides,  Urapqua  valley,  Oregon 
and  on  cliffs  of  Cape  Foulweather.  Doubtless  at  other  places  along  the 
boast. 

L.  medium  Greene  Eryth.  iii,  36.  L.  intermedium  Gray  PI.  Wright, 
not  A.  Richard.  Glabrous  or  puberulent:  stems  erect ,  branched  6-18 
Inches  high,  from  a  rather  stout  annual  root:  lower  leaves  1-2  inches 
long,  toothed  or  pinnatifid ;  the  upper  often  entire  or  but  sparingly 
jtoothed,  oblanceolate  or  linear:  petals  wanting,  stamens  2 ;  style  very 
Bhort:  pods  rounded  1-1 3^  lines  broad,  with  short  and  obtuse  teeth:  pedi- 
pels  spreading,  3  lines  long.  Sandy  places  and  hillsides,  California  to 
srit.  Columbia  and  Utah,  east  of  the  Cascade  Mountains. 

L.  apetalnm  Willd.  Sp.  iii,  439.  Stems  erect  1-2  feet  high,  slender, 
Klorless ;  leaves  somewhat  narrow,  dull  green,  the  radical  ones  more  or 
less  inoisely  toothed  or  pinnatifid ;  segments  usually  acutish :  flowers 
llosely  aggregate,  the  pedicels  remaining  nearly  erect  in  flower,  but  in 
Iruit  regularly  and  widely  spreading,  thus  making  the  racemes  appear  as 
if  contracted  just  below  the  summit:  petals  wanting:  stamens  2:  pods  gla- 
brous, orbicular,  retuse  on  short  i>edicels.  Eastern  Oregon  to  Texas  and 
Jhe  New  England  States. 

L.  laslocarpum  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  1 15.  Hispidly  pubescent :  stems 
lecumbent  branching  from  or  near  the  base :  lower  leaves  pinnately 
barted,  segments  usually  rather  broad,  obtuse  or  rounded,  sparingly 
loothed  or  entire :  racemes  several :  pedicels  distinctly  flattened,  horizon- 
*lly  spreading,  1-1)^  Hues  long:  sepals  broadly  oblong  usually  purple, 
1  thin  white  margins :  petals  minute  or  none :  pods  suborbicular,  thin 
aargined  near  the  apex,  hispid  pubescent  upon  both  faces,  or  at  least 
|ipon  the  edge.  Southern  California  tt)  Texas  and  Colorado.  Introduced 
Bpon  R.  R.  ballast  in  Oregon,  Henderson. 

.  I.  nitidnm  Nutt.  1.  c.  116  Glabrous  or  somewhat  pubescent :  stems  sim- 
ple or  branched,  3-16  inches  high :  leaves  pinnately  cut  into  linear  acumi- 
nate segments,  the  uppermost  often  entire :  pedicels  flat,  1-2  lines  long : 


64 


CRUCIFKRil':. 


LEPIDIVM. 


petals  small:  pods  in  a  loose  raceme,  spreading,  glabrous  and  shin iiij 
rounded,  1-2  lines  broad,  acvUely  margined,  the  teeth  short  and  obtusej 
seeds  often  ash-color.    On  dry  hillsides,  Washington  to  California. 

*  *  Low  annuals:  jwdicels  flat:  petals  offen  wanting:  stamens  2-4: 
style  none:  pods  reticulated,  the  apex  produced  into  2  distinct  teeth. 

L.  rettcalatnm.  Minutely  hispid ;  stems  erect,  sparingly  brancliedj 
1--2  inches  high,  from  a  slender  perpendicular  annual  root:  leaves  piniui  ,i 
fid,  with  linear  entire  or  toothed  segments,  including  the  dilated  basiM 
the  petiole  6-12  lines  long:  pedicels  approximate,  a  line  lo.ig,  thin-edfjcil 
erect:  sepals  oblong,  ve^-  acute,  with  hyaline  borders,  ptMsistent:  stanicrii 
2:  pods  glabrous,  reticulated,  elliptical,  a  line  long,  the  short  obtuse  tecthl 
somewhat  connivent:  se.  Is  oblong-obovate,  narrowly  margined  on  th| 
outer  edge.    Roadsid'   ,  &•     thweslern  Oregon.   Rare, 

L.  dictyotain  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  vii,  329.  Pubescent  througlionJ 
with  short  spreading  hairs,  or  the  leaves  glabrous;  stems  1-3  inches  higll 
ascending,  slender  and  branching:  leaves  narrowly  linear,  1-2  inches  Ion  J 
entire  or  pinnatifid  with  a  few  linear  lobes:  sepals  scarious-margined,  ikJ 
persistent:  i)etal8  white,  but  little  exceeding  the  sepals  sometimes  wantiii| 
stameng  4:  pods  rounded,  a  line  broad,  the  short  acutish  teeth  conniveii! 
finely  reticulated  and  pubescent,  exceeding  the  thick  erect  pedicels.  Jul 
sandy  saline  places  under  "Sage  brush",  eastern  Washington  to  CaliforniaJ 

L>  acatidens.  L.  dictyotum  var.  acntidens  Gray  Proc.  Am .  Acad,  xii,  JJ 
Sparingly  pubescent  with  short  spreading  hairs :  stems  3-10  inches  IdiiJ 
erect  and  nearly  simple,  or  decumbent  and  much  branched  from  the  \vm\ 
leaves  linear,  1-3  inches  lor  g,  entire  or  sparingly  pinnatifid :  pods  ovate, 
lines  or  more  broad,  deeply  notched  above,  with  2  acuminate  divergenj 
teeth,  equalling  or  shorter  than  the  erect  or  outwardly  curved  pedicels,  ij 
alkaline  soil,  eastern  Oregon  to  California. 

'-  L.    Oregaunm  Howell  P.  C.  PI.  Coll.  1887.    Finely  more  or  less  hiepiil 
ulous :  stems  erect,  simple  or  with  a  few  ascending  branches,  3-8  iniheJ 
high :  leaves  linear,  entire  or  with  a  few  linear  attenuate  segments :  sei)ai| 
promptly  deciduous  pods  round-ovate,   1^' lines  broad,  not  reticulated  of 
very  faintly  so,  smooth,  the  rather  prominent  teeth  divergent.    Roadsiilw 
Routhwestern  Oregon  near  W^oodville. 

L.  oxycarpnm  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  IK)  Nearly  or  quite  smooth :  stems  alenJ 
der,  branched  from  the  base ;  branches  ascending,  4-6  inches  long,  looseljf 
floriferous  more  than  half  their  length :  leaves  linear,  acute,  subentiro  oil 
pinnatifid  with  a  few  narrow  acute  teeth  :  pedicels  comparatively  slender] 
widrly  spreading  or  deflexed,  \%  lines  long:  flowers  small,  apetalous;  «'| 
als  very  unequal,  half  line  long:  stamens  2:  pods  suborbicular,  glabrateJ 
finely  reticulated,  \%  lines  broad,  tipped  witn  2  very  short  widely  diverj 
gent  teeth.    In  saline  soil,  central  California  to  Brit.  Columbia. 

32    THLASPI    L.    Gen.  n.  802. 

Low  glabrous  herbs  with  simple  stems  entire  or  toothed  lcavt| 
and  white  or  pinkish  flowers.  Sepals  short-oval,  obtuse,  thin] 
margined,  erect  or  slightly  spreading.  Petals  obovatiB  or  obi!i 
ceolate,  entire.  Stamens  free  and  unappendaged  :  anthers  sliortl 
Style  slender  or  sometimes  none.  Stigma  small,  entire  or  sli}j;lit| 
ly  emarginate.  Pods  cuneate-obovate  or  oblanceolate,  coniprens?(ll 
contrary  to  the  partition,  few-seeded  :  valves  acutely  cadnate  oil 
winged.  Seeds  somewhat  turgid,  not  margined.  Cotyledomj 
accumbent. 


v>< 


,.  .ft*"*' 


,*» 


TIILA8PI. 
IIKTEUODHABA. 


ORUCIFER^. 


IT.  alpestre  L.  Hp.  ed.  2,  ii.  903  (?)  Stems  simple,  or  branched  from 
he  l>ii8e,  from  a  quite  pinip'e  or  branched  perennial  rootstock,  1-15  inches 
Lrh:  radical  leaves  rosidatc,  elliptical  tospatulate,  attenuate  to  a  slender  pet - 
lie,  f>-13  lines  long  oi\more,  entire  or  sparingly 'toothed ;  cauline  ovate  to  ob- 
jng.  entire,  acuminate,  clasping  at  base,  3-6  littes  long:  ^flowers  2-3  lines 
Ing,  crowded  in  a  somewhat  capitate  cluster;  sepals  purplish,  thin-mar- 
Hiu'il;  petals  white,  or  pale  purple,  3-4  lines  long:  peduncle  at  length  elon- 
^ted:  pedicels  spreading,  in  fruit,  2-4  lines  long :  pods  ohovateto  cuneate- 
bloiig,  3-4  lines  long,  emarginate  or  truncate  or  rounded  at  the  apex  4-8- 
Je'ltci;  style  a  line  long.  In  mountainous  districts,  California  to  Brit.  Cdl- 
nihiii  and  the  Rocky  Mountains .  t    _      .   .   ,  .•       '       ,  ,  •  . 

Tribe  VIII.  laatedex  DC      Pods   short,  rarely   elongated,  inde- 

\isr('nt,   innrtienlate,   usually   criistaceoua  or  osseous,    1-eelled,    1- 

ircly  2-seeded.     Pedicels  v molly  slender,  recurved  in  fruit.    Coty- 

\dons  accumhent.  -..     •  .  "■!.  .     : ,'  .  ., 

33  HETERODrcABA    Greene,  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  i.  71.         .'  •     " 

Slender  annual   with   lon^  horizontal  and  nearly   prostrate 
lianches.     Sepals  equal  at  base.    Petals  minute  or  wanting.  Stig- 
la  sessile.     Pod   short-elliptical,  twisted,  very  tardily  if  at  all 
|eliiscent,  by  a  very  filmy  partition  2-eeiled :  valves  flat,  nerve- 
ess.  Seeds  3-5  in  each  cell,  in  two  rows.  Cotyledons  accumbent. 

H.  uiiilateralls  Greene  1.  c.  27  Draba  nnilateralis  M.  E.  Jones  Bull.  Torr. 
\jliib,  ix,  124  Hirsute-pubescent  with  branching  hairs:  leaves  obovate, 
Jith  cunoMe  base,  6-12  lines  long,  sparingly  toothed  towards  the  apex, 
Imnches  from  a  few  inches  to  more  than  u  foot  long,  spreading  horizontally : 
lowering  and  fruiting  throughout  their  whole  length  :  pods  2  lines  long,  1)^ 
pnes  wide,  with  some  stout  straight  hairs  besides  the  stellate  pubescence 
maturity  twisted :  pedicels  scarcely  a  line  long,  stout  and  dedexed.  In 
pen  moist  places,  southern  Oregon,  near  Axhland  and  California. 

34  ATHYSANUS    Greene,  1.  c,  72. 

Slender   annual   with   rosulate   usually     toothed   leaves    and 

imall  white   flowers   in   long   racemes.     Sepals   equal   at  base. 

[ctals  small  or  none.     Style   very   short.     Pods   orbicular,  not 

largined,  indehiscent,  flat,  nerveless,  1-celled,  1-seeded.     Cotyl- 

|ons  accumbent. 

A.    pasillns  Greene  1 .  c.  Thysanocarpus  pusillus  Hook.  Inc.  t.  ■'>!?,    Hir- 

iite-tomentose  with  stellate  hairs;  stems  veiy  slender,  brandling  from  near 
lie  base,  the  filiform  branches  3-12  inches  long:  lower  leaves  broadly  oblan- 
Jeolate,  entire  or  remotely  denticulate,  ^1-12  lines  long,  short-petloled ;  cau- 
|ne  similar,  but  smaller,  often  entire,  sessile  but  not  clasping:  flowers  bure- 

■  a  hue  broad,  the  late  ones  apetalous:  pods  orbicular,  ,  less  than  a  line 
lioad,  hirsute  with  hooked  hairs,;  pedicels  1-3  lines  long,  at  length  reflex- 
Id.    Common  on  dry  hillsides   and  rocky  banks,    southern  Calil'ornia  to 

lit.  Columbia:  flowering  in  veiy  early  spring.  •  ' 

35    THYSANOCARPUS    Hook.  Fl.  i,  69,  t.  18.  f.  A. 

Slender  erect  sparingly  branched   annuals  with  minute   white 

br  rose-color   flowers  on  slender   pedicels  in   elongated   racemes. 

pepals    equal   at   base.     Petals   minute.     Stamens   6,  subequal, 

free,  unappendaged,   with   slender   filaments  and  short  anthers. 

?od.s  c::bicular,  wing-margined,  much  compresBed,  plano-convex, 


m 


CRUCIFERiE. 


THYSANOCARPCS. 
RAPHANUS. 


indehiscpiit,  Icellcd,  ! 
tened,  margined.    Cot; 


aeeded.     Seeds  pendulous,  somewhat  flat) 
ledons  accumbent  to  oblique-incumbeutl 


T.  carvlpes  Hook  1.  c.  Somewhat  hirsute  at  base,  glabrous  a  Wti 
6-25  inches  nigh:  radical  leaves,  oblanceolate,  1-3  inches  long  pinnatifil 
or  sinuately  toothed :  upper  ones  lanceolate  to  linear,  sagittatc-auriculatf 
and  clasping  at  base,  entire  or  sparingly  toothed :  pods  rounded  to  obo 
va*p  or  ovate,  densely  tomentosts  or  glabrous  2-4  lines  broad  includixig  tb 
entireor  cre.u.te,  veined  and  often  perforated  wiug,  emargihat*"  tn  th 
summit  and  tipped  by  thf  short  purple  style,  usuaUy  coiored  ;  pedicels  'A 
4  lines' lon^,  at  length  recvrved.  Common  on  dry  hiilsidpifi  iVashiti^toi 
to  California,  Arizona  and  rlaho.    Flowering  in  early  spring. 

T.    radians  Benih.  PI.  Hartw.  297.    Stoms  (i  18  inchen  high  Pimji    oi 
with  a  few  simple,  elongated  ascendin;^;  branches,  glabroiia:  lowest  ieavij 
runcinately  toothed  or  pinnatifld;  the  caiiline  ones  ovat'j-lanceolate  anl 
auricu late-clasping :  racemeiv  long,  looselv  flowered :  pedicels  usually  at} 
cending  but  nodding  near  the  upex,  4-8  h'res  long:  petals  purple, excee 
ing  the  sepals;  pods  rounded,  -i-S  lines  \n  diameter,  tomentose  or  quiti 
smooth,  scarcely  emarginate  with  a  broad  entire  translucent  wing  oos'J 
Hpicuously  marked  by  radiating  nerves :  style  short.    Southern  Orcj/c  "^ 
C  tJmpqua  valley )  to  Central  Caliu> .  nia. 

Trlhe  IX.  Raphan'i.se  DC.  Pods  indehiscent,  transversely  !<(parl 
aU:d  in'o  I-few-seedcd  joints.  Seeds  globoae.  Cotyledons  condv\ 
plicaie. 

36     RAPHANUS  Tourn.    Inst.  229  1. 114  L.  Gen.  n.  882. 

Coarse    an raval  or  biennial  herbs  with  pinnatifid  leaves  aiii 
white  or  purple  flowtis.    Sepals  erect,  the  lateral  somewhat  sac] 
cate.      Petals  large,  unguiculate.      Stamens  Q,  unappendaged 
attenuate  to  a  slender  or  rather  stout  beak,  iiidehisoent  tranj 
versely  divided  by  several  false  partitions,  seeds  globular,  pendj 
uloiis. 

R.  "iATivus  L.  Sp.  ii  669.  Stems  stout  and  branching  1-4  feet  hjgh  from 
a  straight  thick  annual  root :  leaves  lyrately  pinnatifld,  hirsute :  netalJ 
white  to  purple  6^  lines  long :  pods  terete  4-6  lines  in  diameter,  graaualln 
narrowed  to  an  elongat^^d  beak,  usually  2-3-8eeded.  Escaped  from  culti-| 
vation,  Washington  to  California. 

Order  VIII.   CAPPARIDACEiE  Endl.  Gen.  889. 

Herbs  or  shrubs  with  alternate  leaves  without  stipuk-s  andi 

Perfect  hypogynous  flowers.  Sepals  or  lobes  of  the  calyx  ij 
*etals  4,  raroly  5-8  or  none,  usually  unguiculate,  more  or  les 
unequal.  Scamens.  in  ours,  6-12,  rarely  4.  Ovary  often  stipij 
tate,  composed  of  two  united  carpels  with  two  parietal  pW 
centffi.  Styles  united  into  one,  often  filiform,  sometimes  snort 
or  almost  none :  stigma  often  discoid  or  subcapitate.  Fiui| 
one-celled,  iu  ours  a  two-vulved  pod-shaped  capsule.  Seeda 
campylotropous,  reniform,  without  albumen.  Embryo  curved] 
Cotyledons  foliaceous,  somewhat  incumbent. 

1    Jacksonla.    Stamens  8-32 :  flowers  whitish  or  pinkish :  pods  elonj 
gated,  dehiscent  from  the  top  downward. 

2    Cleome.    Stamens  6 :  flowers  yellow  or  purplish :  pods    oblong  oij 
linear,  dehiscent  from  the  base  upward. 


lACKHONMA. 
CbKOME. 


CAPPARIDACE^.. 


i    JACKSONIA    Raf.  Med.  Repos.  V,  352.       •   <   ■ 
POLANISIA  Raf.  Journ.  de  Phys.  98.  (1819). 

Annual,  ill-scented  and  mostly  glandular  herbs,  '^ith  simple  or 
-9  foliolate  petioled  leaves,  and  yellowish,  rose-color  or  white 
lowers  in  leafy-bracted  racemes.     Sepals  4  deciduous,  lanceolate, 

metimes  connate  at  base.  Petals  on  claws  or  sessile,  equal  or 
li  qual,  torus  small  depressed.     Stamens  8-32  inserted  below 

e  torus.      Pods  erect  on   spreading  pedicels,  membranaceous, 

t  •  shortly  stipitate,  elongated,  compressed  or  cylindrical,  many- 
'  \  dehiscent  from  the  top  downward.    Seeds  round-reniform, 


rv\ 


ign  ;e  or  reticulated. 

\  i,  trach^  ttperma  Greene  Pitt,  ii,  175.  Glandular-pubescent,  erect  6- 
i  inches  high :  leaves  foliolate,  leaflets  lanceolate  %-2  inches  long, 
cut^,  about  equalling  the  petioles,  nearly  sessile :  floral  bracts  mostly 
kinpii\  ovate  to  lanceolate,  shortl}'  petioled  petals  3-5  lines  lobg, 
Hth  slender  claws  as  long  as  the  sepals,  and  an  emarginate  blade: 
traens  12-19,  filaments  exserted:  style  2-u  lines  long:  pods  1-2^  inches 
bng,  veiy  rarely  on  a  short  slender  stipe:  seeds  finely  pitted  and  often 
^prty.  Oregon  and  Idaho  to  Brit.  Columbia,  Kunsas  and  southward  to  New 
iexico  and  Texas.  ,; 

2    CLEOME  L.  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  1. 

Erect  branching  annuals;  with  palmately  3-8  foliolate 
leaves  and  yellow  or  purple  flowers,  in  bracteate  racemes.  Sepals 
I,  sometimes  united  at  base.  Petals  with  claws  or  sessile.  Sta- 
lens  6,  upon  the  small  torus.  Pods  linear  to  oblong,  stipitate, 
lany-seeded :  style  short  or  none.  Pods  pendant  on  spreading 
[edicels,  dehiscent  from  the  base  upward.  Seeds  globose-reni- 
)rm  to  ovate.   Ours  all  of 

§  EucLEOME  Gray  Syn.  Fl.  i,  183.  Torus  little  or  not  at  all 
olumnar  below  the  stamens,  but  commonly  thickened,  and  bear- 
ig  a  glandular  projection  behind  the  ovary :  this  in  all  our  spe- 
[ies  raised  on  a  slender  stipe  or  carpophore.     Cleouve  Endl, 

*  Calyx  4-cleft,  tardily   deciduous,   petals    indistinctly  if  at  all 
unguiculate. 

[C  serrnlata  Pursh.  Fl.  li,  441.  C.  integrifolia  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  12^. 
r^mewhat  glaucous,  2-3  feet  high,  widely  branching;  leaves  3-foliolate;  leaf- 
bts  oblong  to  lanceolate,  or  the  uppermjst  linear,  entire,  submucronate:  ra- 
emes  sometimes  nearly  a  foot  long:  flowers  large,  showy,  reddish-purple, 
arely  white:  sepals  united  to  the  middle,  persistent;  segments  triangular- 
cumiuate:  petals  with  vory  short  claws,  stamens  equal:  pods  obloug-lin- 
k,  compressed,  much  longer  than  the  stipe.  On  watercourses,  from  the 
|olumbiu  river  to  Colorado,  New  Mexico  and  Dakota. 

C.  latea  Hook.  Fl.  i,  70,  t.  25.  Glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent ;  1-3 
et  high:  leaves  5-foliolatd:  leaflets  linear  to  oblong-lanceolate.  1-2  inches 
bng  acute,  short-petiolulate;  equalling  the  petioles;  flowers  blight  yellow: 
bpals  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  glabrous;  petals  broadly  lanceolate,  very 
nort  clawed,  3-4  lines  long:  pod  9-15  lines  long,  about  2  lines  broad, 
orulose,  equalling  or  longer  than  the  stipe.  On  sandy  banks  along  the 
Dolumbia  liver,  and  from  Wyoming  to  Coloitido  and  Nevada. 

*  *    Sepals  distinct  to  the  base,  deciduous.  Petals  not  distinctly 
unguioulate. 


VI0LACE4':. 


CLKOMK. 
VIOLA. 


C.  platycarpa  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  236,  t.  2.  Pubescent  and  glanduiaj 
1-2  feet  high:  leaves  3-foliolate;  leafletb  broatUy  oblong  to  lanceolate, 
lines  long:  flowers  very  sliowy,  bright  yellow:  sepals  linear-setaceoui-. 
Ions:  petals  broadly  lanceolate,  without  claws:  pods  elliptical,  8-10  linl 
long,  stipe  about  as  lonv;  as  the  pod,  equalling  the  pedicels;  style  slenda 
about  2  lines  long.  Hillsides,  John  Dt^y  valley,  Oregon  to  northern  CiJ 
fornia  aid  westei'n'Nevada. 

Order  IX.     ViOLACEM  S.  F.  Gray  Nat.  Avr.  ii,  667. 

Sepals  5,  persisteni,  "mbricated  in  the  bud.  Petals  5,  alt«i 
nate  with  the  petals  hypogyuous,  on  short  claws,  commoa 
unequal.  Stamens  5,  alternate  with  the  petals,  inserted  on  til 
torus :  anthers  adnate,  introrse  2-celled,  opening  longitudinallj 
filaments  broad,  elongated  beyond  the  anthers,  ovary  1-celIel 
3-valved,  with  3  parietal  placenta),  several  ovuled.  Stjj 
.usually  declined  with  an  oblique  cucullate  stigma.  Seeds  an 
tropoas  with  a  straight  embryo  in  the  axis  of  fleshy  albuiiiei 
Ours  are  low  herbs  with  watery  somewhat  acid  juice,  alternalj 
leaves  with  persistent  stipules  and  axillary  flowers. 

1    VIOLA  Tourn.  Inst.  419,  t.  236  L.  Gen.n.  1007. 

Perennial  or  annual  herbs  with  alternate  stipulate  leaves  an 
mostly  one-flowered  axillary  2-bracteolate  peduncles.  Early  fluJ 
erg  usually  showy  and  often  infertile,  the  later  ones  often  cleistoi 
anions  and  more  fertile.  Sepals  more  or  less  auricled  at  bal 
Petals  unequal,  the  lower  one  produced  at  base  into  a  nectarifel 
erous  sac  or  spur,  the  others  of  about  equal  length.  Filamenl 
very  short  or  none :  anthers  connivent  but  distinct,  at  moi 
lightly  coherent,  the  two  anterior  each  with  a  dorsal  appendaJ 
or  spur  projecting  into  the  spur  or  sac  of  the  lower  petal.  '^  Styj 
often  flexuous  below,  enlarged  upward.  Capsule  usually  ovoii 
crustaceous  or  coriaceous :  valves  several-seeded.  Seeds  obovoil 
or  globular,  smooth. 

Ours  are  all  perennial  with  part  or  all  of  the  stipules  morei 
less  scarious,  never  emulating  the  blade  of  the  leaf.     The  twj 
upper  petids  tutned  backward,  and  the  lateral  ones  turned  fo| 
ward,  toward  the  lower  one,  or  merely  spreading. 

*    Strictly  acaulcscent,   the    leaves  and  scapes  directly  from  rootj 
„     stocks:  gibbous-clavate  with  inflexed  or  truncate  and  beardlet-s   suminitj 
.and  an    introrsely  beaked  or  short-  jintcd  small  proper  stigma. 

-«-  Rootstock  thick  and  comparand ely  short,  never  filiform  or  pro-j 
ducing  runners  or  stolons :  spur  of  the  corolla  only  saccate :  cleistogar 
mous  flowers  abundant  and  short  pedunftled. 

V.  cognata  Greene  Pitt,  iii,  145.  F.  cumllata  of  avthors  astooi 
plants.  Acaulescent ;  rootstocks  short  and  thick :  leaves  long-petiold 
smooth  or  more  or  less  pubescent,  slightly  fleshy,  cordate  with  a  broi 
sinus,  the  earliest  often  reniform  and  the  later  acute  or  acuminate,  "■ 
nately  toothed;  scapes  2-10  inches  high,  about  equalling  the  leaves: 
ale  6-8  lines  long,  blue  or  violet,  all  villoue  at  base,  the  three  lower  vef 
strongly  so:  spur  only  saccate :  style  enooth;  stigma  small,  beaked  i 


tfnrm,  6-18  linei 


VIOLA. 


VIOLACE.E. 


^oi't -pointed.    In  moiet  places,  eastern  Oregon  and  Washington  to  Diit 
Dluinbia  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

■*-  4-  Rootstock  thickieh  and  creeping,  commonly  sending  off  leafy 
jainl  floriferous  stolons  or  rumiers  above  ground :  leaves  round-cor- 
Idate  and  merely  crenulate :  lateral  petals  usually  bearded :  spur  short. 
I  ami  saccate. 

V.  Lanfrsdorflli  Fisch.  in  DC.  Prod,  i,  296.  Glabrous  or  nearly  so : 
leiiiH  weak  and  declined  or  ascending  1-12  inches  long  from  a  creeping 
jaly  rootstock:  leaves  reniform  to  cordate,  crenately  serratt^  the  lower 
]ieH  (in  petioles  that  about  equal  the  stems;  stipules  lanceolate,  acumi- 
Ite,  6-10  lines  long:  flowers  usually  pale  blue,  9-12  lines  long 
|itii  short  saccate  spur,  lateral  petals  white  with  a  small  bearded  8iK)t 
eiir  the  base:  stigma  small,  rounded.  In  marshes  along  the  coast  from 
tescent  City,  California  to  Alaska. 

■«-  -^  -t-    Rootstock  long  and  filiform  extensively  creeping  under- 
I  ground :  plants  low  or  small :  spur  saccate. 

♦♦    Corolla  blue  or  purple. 

V.  palnstris  L.  Sp.  ii,  934  (?).  Wholly  glabrous :  rootstock  long  and 
lliform,  extensively  creeping  underground ;  leaves  round-cordate  with  a 
Iroad  sinus  and  rounded  summit,  1-2  inches  in  diameter,  obscurely  cre- 
late,  scapes  2-4  inches  high,  much  longer  than  the  leaves :  flowers  pale 
llae  to  wnite,  lateral  petals  sparsely  if  at  all  bearded  3-4  lines  long,  spur 
liort  and  rounded.  In  marshes  of  the  high  mountains,  California  to 
ilaekaand  east  to  the  New  England  Htates  and  Labrador,  Euro|)e  and' 
lortliern  Asia. 

++  ■»♦  Corolla  always  white,  mostly  with  purple  lines  on  the  lower 
petal;  stigma  as  if  truncate  and  margined,  and  antrorsely  short- 
pointed. 

=  Leaves  round-cordate  or  reniform,  on  slender  maiginless 
petioles.  i 

V.  blanda  Willd.  Hort.  Berol.  t.  24.  Glabrous  or  nearly  so:  stems 
[ery  short  or  none,  from  slender  creeping  rootstocks  witn  numerous 
pbroiis  rootlets :  leaves  thin,  crenulate,  from  ovate-cordate  to  round-ren- 
inrm,  6-18  lines  broad,  on  slender  petioles  as  long:  scapes  1-3  inches 
pigh:  sepals  aline  long,  from  oblong  to  almost  ovate-lanceolate  scarious- 
(largined:  petals  white,  oblong  3-4  lines  long,  usually  all  beardless,  the 
lower  ones  conspicuously-  dark -veiny;  spur  short,  saccate,  rounded.  In 
vet  places  in  the  mountains  from  California  to  Alaska  and  the  Atlantic 
Ptates. 

V.  Macl08keyi  F.  E.  Lloyd  Eryth.  iii,  74.  Wholvi  plant  glabrous: 
tootstock  slender,  creeping,  bearing  three  or  four  leave.'  and  at  length  a 
lew  runners :  leaves  reniform  with  a  shallow  sinus ;  the  lamina  slightly 
lecumbent  down  the  slender  petiole,  the  margin  obscurely  crenate-serrate : 
Itipules  ovate  acute :  peduncles  1-3  inches  long :  petals  white,  very  thin 
knd  translucent,  the  spur  very  short  and  saccate ;  lateral  petals  bearded. 
Bpringy  places  in  the  Cascade  Mountains  about  Mt.  Hood. 

— •  =  Leaves  from  linear  to  spatula te  or  ovate  or  subcordate,  the 
base  decurrent  into  a  marginea  petiole :  sometimes  leafy  along  sum- 
mer stolons.. 

V.  occidentalis.  V.  primulaefoUa  var.  occidentalis  Gray  Bot.  Gaz.  xi 
?55.  Glabrous  throughout :  rootstock  short,  not  creeping  but  propagating 
by  long  filiform  runners:  leaves  ovate  to  spatulate-oblong,  attenuate  at 
base  to  a  long  slender  petiole,  obscurely  crenate:  scapes  3-6  inches  high 
not  exceeding  the  leaves :  petals  white  the  lower  ones  veined  with  purple, ' 
[lateral  ones  bearded,  4-6  lines  long,  spur  saccate,  stigma  truncate,  mar- 
gined and  antrorsely  short-pointed.    In  marshes,  eastern  base  of  the  Coast 


m 


VIOL  ACE  iE. 


▼lOLA. 


Mountain!  near  the  Oregon  and  California  line. 

•  •  Subcaulescent  by  leafy  stolons,  or  caulescent  with  2-3  leaved  | 
stems.    Stigma  terminal  beardless  aAd  beakless. 

-I-    Leaves  undivided,  at  most  only  cuneate  toothed. 

y.    sarmentosa  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  i,  80.    Sparingly  pubescent :  stun 
weak   and  decumbent :  multiplying  by    long  filiform  rootstocks :  leavti 
rounded-cordate,  reniform  or  sometimes  ovate,  %-\%  inches  broad,  finell 
crenate,  usually  punctate  with  numerous  dark  dots :  peduncles  mostly  eil 
ceeding  the  leaves :  flowers  yellow,  lateral  petals  with  a  bunch   of  lon| 
scales  at  the  base   of  the  blade ;  spur  short  and  saccate.    In  open  for(>Hti 
Brit.  Columbia  to  California. 

Y.  orblcalata  Gever  Hook.  Lond.  Jour.  Bot.  vi,  73.  Bootstock  shoiJ 
and  thick,  with  few  fibrous  rootlets :  stems  at  first  very  short  with  a  paij 
of  scarious  acutely  triangular  stipules  at  the  base  of  the  peduncleH,  iJ 
length  sarmentoae  with  a  few  Hmall  leaves  and  bearing  cleist(^amous  flovl 
era :  leaves  mostly  basal,  orbicular  to  oblong,  cordate  with  deep  narroif 
sinus,  crenulate,  1-2  inches  broad,  glabrous  below,  pubescent  with  short 
stout  appressed  scattered  hairs  above,  sepals  oblong  to  nearly  lanceolate;! 
petals  yellow,  the  lower  one  purple  veined,  spurs  short  and  saccate :  stign 
oeakless,  bearded  on  the  sides.  In  open  forests,  Cascade  Mountains  iol 
Oregon  to  Idaho  and  Alaska. 

y.  purpurea  Kell.  Proc.  Cal .  Acad,  i,  56.  More  or  less  pubescentl 
with  more  or  less  spreading  hairs,  stems  clustered  from  branching  perpenJ 
dicular  root  2-6  inches  long :  leaves  semi-orbicular  to  ovate  or  lanceolatej 
cuneate  or  truncate  at  base  6-12  lines  long,  entire  or  coarsely  crenate,  of'| 
ten  purple-veined :  peduncles  but  little  longer  than  the  leaves :  petals  4-^ 
lines  long,  light  yellow  more  or  less  tinged  with  dark  purple  outside :  cap 
sule  globular,  puU'Scent.    On  dry  open  hillsides,  Oregon  to  California. 

•*-  •*-    Leaves  3-parted,  with  more  or  less  lobed  or  cleft  segments. 

y.  Sheltoail  Tore.  Pacif.  R.  B.  Bep.  iv.  67,  t.  2.  Glabrous  or  nearljl 
so:  leaves  round-reniform  to  cordate  m  outline,  3-parted,  the  division! 
lobed  and  cleft  into  linear  or  oblong  segments :  peduncles  shorter  thanl 
the  leaves :  petals  yellow  veined  with  purple.  Wooded  mountains,  aouth-f 
western  Oregon  to  California. 

*  ♦  *  Subcaulescent,  first  flowering  from  the  ground,  from  erect  or 
ascending  rootstocks,  not  stoloniferous  or  creeping:  stipules  partly 
and  variably  adnate :  corolla  mostly  yellow  witn  short  saccate  spur: 
stigma  beakless,  sometimes  with  a  short  lip,  concave,  mostly  orbicu- 
lar, antroa-termiual  or  siiglitly  oblique  at  tne  large  and  gibbous  cla- 
vate  summit  of  the  style ;  Warded  below  its  margin  on  each  side  b^  a 
tnft  or  sometimes  by  nearly  a  --ing  of  stiff  and  reflexed  spreading 
bristles. 

■*-  Leaves  undivided,  round  ovate  or  subcordate  to  lanceolate :  lat- 
eral petals  either  slightly  bearded  or  beardless. 

V.  5nttallti  Pursh  Fl.  i,  174.  Glabrous  or  the  leaf  margins  finely  and  I 
densely  ciliate,  root  thick,  perpendicular;  stems  scarcely  any,  leaves  Ian- [ 
ceolate,  nearly  entire,  attenuate  to  a  long  petiole,  stipules  lanceoj 
late ;  spur  very  short  and  saccate :  pubescence  of  the  depressed  beakles!'| 
stigma  minute.  Plains  if  the  Blue  Mountains  of  Oregon  to  the  Bo('kv| 
Mountains  and  Kansas. 

T*  pnemorsa  Dougl.  Bot.  Reg.  t.  1254.  Canescent  with  short  spread' I 
ing  hairs,  stems  short,  from  thick,  perpendicular  branching  roots :  lea  vis  I 
from  nearly  orbicular  to  lanceolate,  densely  pubescent  below,  sparingly  sol 
or  quite  smooth  above,  irregularly  crenate  toothed,  6-30  lines  long,  gradul 
ally  or  abruptly  contracted  to  a  slender  petiole :  stipules  scarious,  lameol 
late  acuminate  entire :  scapes  longer  than  the  leaves,  pubescent:  sepals  I 
linear  4-5  lines  long,  often  minutely  ciliate:  petals  bright  yellow,  obovatel 


VIOLA. 


VIOLACES. 


fl 


i lines  long  not  bearded :  atigma  short-apiculate,  minutely  bearded:  cap« 
lie  iival,  sparingly  pubescent  or  glabrous.  On  ofv  plains  about  Oregon 
[ity  and  near  Vancouver  Washington . 

■*-     Leaves  finely  dissected,  subterranean  shoots  commonly  send- 
I  in^  up  their  scapiforni  peduncles  from  under  the  ground. 
*♦    Petals  beardless,  essentially  yellow. 

1 V.  Douglasll  Steud.  Nom.  ii,  771.  V.  chrysantha  Hook,  not  Schroder. 
lore  or  less  pubescent  with  short  spreading  hairs:  leaves  bipinnatifld 
mh  narrow  oblong  or  linear  segments ;  peduncles  equalling  or  exceeding 
\e  loaves,  2-6  inches  lon^;  petals  6-9  lines  long  bright  yellow,  the  ujpper 
rown-purple  on  the  outside,  the  others  veined :  capsule  acute  6  lines  long. 
I  dry  soil,  southern  Oregon  to  California. 

»  ♦♦    Lateral  petals  bearded :  upper  deep  violet-purple  or  blue ; 
lower  pale  or  yellow. 

jV.  Beckwithll  T.  &  G.  Pac.  R.  Rep.  ii,  119,  t.  1.  Pubescent  or 
kiberulent,  leaves  palmately  about  thrice  3-parted  into  linear  or  spatulate- 
Inear  acutish  or  obtuse  lobes,  the  primary  divisions  petiolulate :  ped- 
Incles  about  eqttalling  the  leaves :  upper  petals  deep  violet  purple,  the 
Ithers  li^ht,  blue  or  bluish  with  yellow  base,  lateral  ones  short,  bearded. 
|allfornta  and  Nevada  to  southern  Oregon. 

V.    HalUi  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  viii,  377.    Glabrous :  leaves  subpin- 

itely  or  pedately  about  twice  parted  into  lanceolate  or  linear  lobes,  their 

Ips  obtuse  or  acutish  and  callous  apiculate :    peduncles  surpassing  the 

laves :  upper  petals  deep  violet,  the  otners  yellow  or  cream-color  6-8  line? 

png.    Gravelly  prairies  from  Salem  Oregon,  to  northern  California. 

V.  trlnervata  Howell  in  Gray  Syn.  Fl.  i,  201.  Glabrous:  leaves  pe- 
itely  parted,  the  few  divisions  lanceolate  to  almost  ovate  acute  or  apicu- 
^te  at  maturity  almost  coriaceous  strongly  3-nerved,  the  lateral  nerves 
ntermarginal,  peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves :  upper  petals  dark  blue, 
he  others  pale  blue  to  white,  with  a  yellow  base.  Klickitat  county, 
iTashington. 

•  *  *  ♦    Caulescent,  the  few   to   several-leaved    stems  erect  from 
short  or  creeping  rootstocks :  no  stolons  nor  radical  flowers :  spur  short 
and  saccate:  lateral   petals  commonly    scantily    papillose-V>arded :     ' 
stigma  beaklesB,  bearded  or  pubescent  at  the  sicles. 

••-    Petals  yellow ;  stems  usually  naked  at    base    and  few-leaved 
above. 

y.    lobata  Benth.Pl.  Hartw.  298.  Finely  pubescent  or  glabrous :  stems  3- 

I  inches  high  from  an  erect  rootstock :  leaves  reniform  to  broadly  cune- 

|te  in  outline  1-4  inches  broad  shortly  petioled  more  or  less  deeply  palm- 

ely  cleft  into  5-9  narrowly  oblong  to  lanceolate  lobes,  the  central  lobe 

sually  more  elongated,  sometimes  only  coarsely  toothed :  peduncles  not 

pnger  than  the  leaves :  petals  6-8  lines  long,  yellow,  the  upper  brownish 

[urple  outside:  capsule  6-6  lines  long,  acute.    Southwestern  Oregon  tt' 

ttuthern  California. 

V.  Brooksii  Kell.  Cal.  Hort.  ix,  281.  V.  lobata  var.  infegrifolia  Wat- 
on  Bot.  Cal.  i,  57.  Minutely  pubescent:  stems  erect,  4-8  inches  high, 
few-leaved :  leaves  deltoid  or  rhombic-ovate,  often  long-acuminate,  cre- 
late-serrate,  1-3  inches  broad :  stipules  lanceolate,  acute,  minutely  ciliate, 
Intire  or  lacerate :  flowers  few,  sepals  linear,  little  if  at  all  auricled :  petals 
fellow  5-6  lines  long.  In  dry  open  forests  southwestern  Oregon  and 
Palifornia. 

V.    Canadensis  LSp.  ii,  936.    Glabrous  or  slightly  pubescent:  stems 

|rect  leafy,  6-12  inches  high  from  branching,  ascending  rootstocks,  leaves 

ordate   and  mostly  acuminate,  denticulate-serrate ;   stipules  small,  nar- 

fi)w,  entire,  scarious :  petals  usually  pale  violet  outside,  white  with  yel- 


VIOLACE-K. 


VIOtA, 


rOLYOAtA. 


"iii 


'I'll 

"'P 
iik[ 

k| 


lo  wish  base  and  some  purple  r  stripes  within,  the  lateral  ones  <^,    '^.n 
papillose  hairs  near  the  base;  spur  short  and  saccate:  stiKin"'   noak' 
bearded  on  tho  sides:  capsule  oval  glabrous.      Moist  woods,  ,  '-  ho,  vr 
berg  (N.  218),  to  the  northern  Atlantic  States  and  Canada. 

V.  irlabella  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  FI.  i,  142.  Minutely  pulH's^ient  or  «labr. 
stems  slender  from  a  short  fleshy  horizontal  rhizoma,  naked  ur  sparii 
leafy  I »el(tw  5-12  inches  high:  radical  leaves  on  long  petioles  the  ui 
shortly  petioled,  reniform-cordate  to  «'ordate,  acute  crenately  tootlieo 
crennfate  1-4  inches  broad;  flowers  bright  yellow  |)eta1s  4-H  lines  In 
capsule  ovate-oblong  3-6  lines  long,  abruptly  beaked.  In  forests,  AUi 
to  northern  California. 

V.  OCellataT.  &  (I.  Fl,  i,  142.  Pubescent:  stems  slender  0-12  indiwi 
high  from  somewhat  creeping  rootstocks;  leaves  on  very  long  petioles  turT 
dat<vtriangular  crenately  toothed,  seldom  acuminate :  stinuTes  lancedliitti 
somewhat  ciliate:  peduncles  shortt^r  than  the  leaves:  sepals  linear:  pctalJ 
oblong  lanceolate  the  upper  ones  violet  or  with  a  deep  violet  spot  on  tin 
upper  face;  lower  ones  wbite  or  with  some  yellow  and  purple  veins;  Hpiirl 
very  short:  stigjma  strongly  bearded  on  each  side,  bouthern  Oregon  t 
middle  California. 

V.     cnneata  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xiv,  2fl0.    Glabrous ;  stems  slci 
der  and  somewhat  trailing,  3-12  inches  long;  from  a  long  running  muti 
stock ;  leaves  rhombic-ovate,  acute  attenuate  into  a  slender  petiole  Hoiiif- 
what  crenately  toothed  above :  peduncles  not  exceeding  tho  leaves :   uinurj 
petals  deep  purple,  the  others  purple  and  white,  4-0  lines  long.    Soiitlil 
western  Oregon  and  adjacent  California  among  underbrush. 

»  #  »  #  *  Caulescent,  from  more  or  less  creeping  rootstocks,  or  at 
first  flowering  nearly  acaulescent,  erect  or  spreading :  leaves  cordate, 
undivided:  corolla  from  blue  to  white  with  projecting,  oblong  to  cylin- 
drical spur:  style  moderately  thickened  upward,  beardless. 

V.  adauca  Smith  in  Bos.  Cycl.  xxxviii.  F.  cariina  var.  ndiinca  Gmj.! 
Puberulent  or  nearly  glabrous,  usually  3-11  inches  high,  at  length  seiiill 
ing  out  runners  that  bear  cleistogamous  flowers :  leaves  ovate,  more  nrl 
less  cordate  at  base;  H-l/4  inches  long  obscurely  crenate:  peduncles  iisuT 
ally  longer  than  the  leaves :  flowers  violet  or  purple  to  white :  petalH  (i-s| 
lines  long  the  lateral  ones  bearded,  spur  as  long  as  the  sepals,  rather  sU'iiT 
der,  hooked  or  curved.  Common  from  Brit.  Columbia  to  California,  castj 
to  the,  Rocky  Mountains. 

V.  pnbernla.  V.  canina  var.  puherula  Watson  in  Gray  Man.  eiH 
6,  81,  Finely  puberulent  throughout :  low,  2  inches  high :  leaves  shallo\vly| 
or  often  not  at  all  cordate,  mostly  small:  peduncles  but  little  exceedinJ 
the  leaves,  flowers  small,  light  blue :  spurs  cylindracet»us,  more  than  halil 
the  length  of  the  petals.  In  moist  places,  Oregon  and  Washington  to  tliel 
Atlantic  States.  [ 

V.  Howellii  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxii,  808.  Stems  slender,  few- 
leaved  4-12 inches  long :  leaves  round-reniform  to  broadly  cordate,  repamll 
dentate  and  ciliate  an  inch  or  more  wide,  on  long  slender  petioles :  pe<hinl 
clea  equalling  or  surpassing  the  leaves :  flowers  large,  pale  blue  or  vol  lot;  I 
spur  about  half  as  long  as  the  sepals,  straight  and  blunt.  In  forests | 
near  Portland,  Oregon.. 

Order  X.     POLYGALE^]  Endl.  Gen.  1077. 

Heibs  or  shrubs  with  entire  leaves  and  noi stipules.  Sepals! 
5,  distinct,  usually  persistent,  very  irregular,  three  of  them  I 
exterior  and  smaller;  the  two  lateral  or  inner  ones  larger  and! 
usually  petal-like:  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Petals  hypogynonsj 
irregular;  deciduous;  usually  only  3;  of  which  one  is.  larger  I 


ii?  ff 


FOLYOAtA. 


POLYOALE^. 


r«' 


than  the  rest,  the  others  alternate  with  the  inner  sepals. 
Istiimens  6-8  hypogynous:  filaments  combined  into  a  tube 
j  which  is  split  on  the  upper  side  and  more  or  less  connate  with 

tlu'  chiMH  of  the  petals.  Fruit  loculicidal  or  indehiscent. 
j  S('(h1h  anatropous  with  a  crustaceous  testa.     Embryo  straight 

in  tioshy  albumen.  -  :     ^  r  i-     .        «  «     .*,,,f5 

1    POLYGALA  Tourn.  L.  Gen.  n.  851.         *' ,  'l*     ' 
Sepals  ])crsist(Uit ;    tl»e  vvingH  hirge  and  petal-likn.      Petals  3,. 
I  their    claws    colicicnt    with  tlu;   staniinal  tube,  the    h)west    one 

keeled.  Oviuy  2-c('lh'd, ovuh'S  solitarv  in  each  cell,  pendulous. 
I  Capsule  2-celled,  flattened  contrary  to  the  narrow  partition,  cllip- 
[ti<itl,  ohovate,  or  ohcordate.     Seeds  earunculat*',  with  copious  al-' 

buuien.  Herbs  shrubby  at  base,  with  simple  entire  leaves  and 
I  raeeniose  or  spicate  fh)wers. 

P.  Callforiiica  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  071.  P.  cucnllata  Benth.  Stems 
Iflluniler  from  a  wocmIv  base,  2-8  inches  hinih  :  leaves  oblong-lanceolate  or 
Hoinctimes  ovate- ellipticul  >o-l  inch  long  on  very  short  petioles:  Howers 
roHc-color  on  podiceis  1-H  lines  long,  without  bracts :  sepals  glabrous  or 
nearly  so,  the  outer  2%  lines  long,  rounded-saccate  at  base ;  the  wings 
ratlieV  broadly  spatulate  4-(HineB  long:  lateral  petals  linear-laneeolate, 
somewhat  ciliate,  about  etiualling  the  keel:  fruit  mostly  from  ajjetalous, 
Howers  near  the  root;  capsule  glabrous,  l)roadly  ovate  2>2-3  lines  long,  re- 
I  tiiHo  above,  nearly  sessile,  narrowly  margined :  seeds  2  lines  long  some- 
what pubescent ;  the  caruncle  vesicular  and  wrinkled,  calyptra-like,  half 
1  the  length  of  the  seed.    Southwestern  Oregon  and  California. 

Order  XI.    CARYOPHYLLACE^  Juss. 

Herbs  sometimes  suffrutescent  at  base  with  bland  and  inert 

I  juice,  regular  and  mostly  perfect  flowers,  persistent  calyx,  its 
parts  and  the  petals  4  or  5  and  imbricated,  or  the  petals  some- 

I times  convolute,  in  the  bud,  stamens  twice  as  mony,  or  as 
mauy  and  alternate  with  them  or  rarely  fewer  than  the  petals, 

I  ovary  1-celled  with  a  free  central  placenta  bearing  few  to  several 
canipylotropous  ovules,  the  reniform  seeds  with  a  slender  em- 
bryo coiled  around  the  outside  of  farinaceous  albumen.  Stems 
usually  swollen  at  the  nodes.  Leaves  often  united  at  the  base 
by  a  transverse  line,  in  one  group  with  interposed  scarious  sti- 
pules%  Petals  sometimes  wanting.  Stamens  mostly  hypogynous 
around  an  annular  disk,  sometimes  perig>Tious  by  its  coliesion 
with  the  base  of  the  calyx.  Styles  2-5  mostly  distinct  and 
with  the  stigma  running  down  the  inner  face.  Fruit  a  capsule, 
opening  by  valves  or  by  teeth  at  the   summit.     Flowers  termi- 

I  nal,  or  in  the  forks,  or  in  cymes. 

Tribe  i.  Sepals  united  into  a  4-  or  5-toothed  or  lobed  calyx. 

Petals  commonly  with  an  appendage  on  the  base  of  the  blade 
[within,  narrowed  below  into  a  conspicuous  claw;  these  and  the 

stamens  borne  on  the  stipe  of  the  ovary.  Styles  distinct.  Capsule 
[  dehiscent  at  the  summit  by  as  many  or  twice  as  many  teeth  as 

styles.     Flowers  comi)aratively  large,  perfect,  or  not  infrequently 


74 


CARYOPHYLLACE^. 


polygamous. 
1. 


Saponariat   Calyx  6-angled  becoming  6-winged :  its  teeth  short,  not 
foliaceouB :  styles  2,  capsule  4-5  valved. 


8. 


8. 


4. 


Stlene.  Calyx  commonly  9-nerved,  styles  3 :  capsule  opening  by  as 
many  or  twice  as  many  teeth. 

Lvrhnig.  Calyx  10-nerved,  styles  4  or  6,  alternate  with  the  ^tals 
wnen  of  the  same  number :  capsule  opening  by  as  many  or  twice  as 
many  teeth :  perennials. 

Af  rostemma.  Styles  5  opposite  the  petals :  calyx-teeth  conspicuously 
prolonged  into  foliaceous  appendages. 

Tribe  ii.  Sepals  free  or  slightly  united  at  the  very  base.  Pet- 
als unappendaged,  more  or  less  narrowed  below  but  not  to  a  dis- 
tinct claw,  inserted  with  the  stamens  on  the  margin  of  the  disk 
at  the  base  of  the  sessile  ovary,  not  rarely  inconspicuous  or  none, 

*    Stipules  none.  '  "' 

•*-    Capsule  cylindric  more  or  less  elongated,  often  curved,  dehiscent 
by  twice  as  many  teeth  as  there  are  carpels. 

6*    Cerastiniiii    Capsule  cylindric  dehiscent  with  twice  as  many  equal 
teeth  as  styles :  petals  emarginate  or  bifid ;  styles  6,  rarely  3  or  4. 

•*-  •*-    Capsule  ovoid   or  oblong,  relatively  short,  dehiscent  by  as 
many  or  twice  as  many  teeth  as  there  are  styles. 

**    Styles  usually  fewer  than  the  sepals,  when  of  the  same  number 
opposite  them. 
tt.    Alslne.    Capsule  globose  to  oblong,  with  as  many  valves  as  styles, 
petals  bifid  or  2-parted :  styles  3,  rarely  2,  4  or  5. 

Ar^narla*  Sepals  5,  petals  as  many,  entire  or  emarginate  rarely 
wilting :  styles  3,  4  or  5. 

•»<■  **    Styles  as  many  as  the  sepals  and  alternate  with  them. 

Alsinella.  Capsule  globose  with  as  many  entire  valves  as  styles : 
sepals  4  or  5,  petals  entire  as  many  as  the  sepals  or  wanting. 

*  •    Stipules  present  scarious  or  setiform :  petals  undivided. 

■*-    Petals  conspicuous,  styles  distinct. 

Spergttla.  Styles  5,  alternate  with  the  sepals  and  with  the  entire 
valves  of  the  capsule. 

10.    Tisstt.    Styles  and  valves  of  the  capsule  3,  very  rarely  5. 

Tribe  I.  Silenese  DC.  Sepals  united  into  a  4-  or  drtoothed  or 
•lohed  calyx.  Petals  unguiculate,  often  scale-bearing  or  appendaged 
at  the  junction  of  the  blade  and  claw,  ir^sertcd  mth  the  stamens  on 
the  stipe  of  the  ovary.  Stipules  none.  Flowers  usually  showy, 
perfect  or  polygamous. 

1    SAPONARIA  L.  Gen.  n.  564. 

Smooth  branching  herbs  with  entire  leaves  and  showy  pink  or 
white  flowers  in  terminal  clusters  or  panicles,  blooming  in  sum- 
mer. Calyx  tubular  or  obovoid,  5-toothed,  terete,  with  numerous 
faint  veins  or  conspicuously  5-angled.     Petals  5.     Stamens  10. 

Styles  2.  Capsule  1-celled  or  Imperfectly  2-4-celled  , at  base, 
dehiscent  by  4  short  teeth.  Seeds  laterally  attached.  Embryo 
curved. 


7. 


8. 


9. 


8AP0NARIA. 
SILENK. 


CARYOPHYLLACE^. 


7i 


S.  Vaocaria  L.  Sp.  409.  Stem  solitary  from  an  annual  root,  erect,  1-4 
[feet  high,  widely  branching  above:  leaves  ovate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  ses- 
aik'  and  somewhat  connate  at  base ;  flowers  in  a  broad  corymb ;  calyx 
ovoid,  with  5  sharp  herbaceous  angles,  the  intervening  parts  white  and 
scarious:  petals  rose-color,  without  appendages.  Common  in  cultivated 
grounds.    Introduced  from  Europe. 

P,    OFFICINALE  L.  Bp.  408.    Stems  numerous  from  a  perennial  root,  1-2 

[feft  high,  stout:  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  narrowed  at  the  base,  2-3 

inches  long,  3-ribbed :  flowers  clustered  at  the  ends  of  the  ehort  branches, 

I  often  double ;  calyx  tubular,  terete,  with  numerous  faint  nerves ;  petals 

white  or  pink,  appendaged  at  the  junction  of  the  claws  and  obovate  retuse 

blade.     Koadsides  and  K.  R.  embankments.    Introduced  from  Europe. 

2    SILENE  L.  Gen.  n.  567. 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs  with  mostly  linear  entire  opposite 
[leaves  and  white  or  red  flowers  in   paniculate  racemes:  (rarely 
Isolitary  or  cymose).    Calyx  tubular  more  or  less  inflated,  cylin- 
Idro-clavate  to  campanulate,  5-toothed,  10-nerved.     Petals  5,  with 
slender  claws,  which  are  usually  crowned  with  scales  at  their  junc- 
tion with  the   mostly  2  to  many-cleft  blade.     Stamens  10.     Style 
3.    Ovary  stipitate.    Capsule  dehiscent  by  6,  rarely  3  short  teeth. 
Seeds  opaque,  tuberculate  or  echinate,  attached  by  the  margin : 
[embryo  peripherical. 

*  Annuals,  mostly  introduced. 
+■  Inflorescence  simply  racemose  or  subspicftte ;  pedicels  solitary. 

S.  Gallica  L.  Sp.  417.  Stems  hirsute  with  white  jointed  hairs:  leaves 
Ispatulate,  mucronate,  hirsute-pubescent  on  both  sides  8-18  lines  long :  ra- 
Icemes  terminal  one-sided,  2-4  inches  long :  flowers  more  or  less  pedicel- 
|late:  calyx  10-nerved,   villous-hirsutc,  slender,  subcylindric  in  anthesis, 

ecoming  in  fruit  broadly  ovoid  with  contracted  orifice  and  short  narrow 
Jpr^ding  teeth :  petals  usually  little  exceeding  the  calyx ;  the  blade  ob- 
lovaje,  somewhat  oifid,  toothed  or  entire.  Along  the  coast  from  Brit.  Co- 
llumbia  to  Lower  California. 

Vab.  qdinqukvulnbra,  Koch.  Syn.  Fl.  Germ.  et.  Helv.  1.00.  Petals 
Imore  showy,  subentire,  deep  crimson  with  a  white  or  pink  border. 
|With  the  typical  form. 

■•-  •♦-   Inflorescence  cymose  or  paniculate,  not  distinctly  racemose. 
♦*    Smooth  or  nearly  so,  a  part  of  the  upper  internodes  glutinous. 

S.  antlrrhina  L.  Sp.  419.  Stems  slender,  6-36  high :  leaves  oblong-lan- 
Iceolate  or  linear,  commonly  acute*  flowers  small  in  a  compound  cyme,  on 
^ong  filifoiTU  pedicels:  calyx  obloig-cylindric,  smooth,  in  fruit  ovoid  with 
short  teeth;  petals  obcordate,  about  equalling  the  calyx-teeth  expanding  only 
iit  night  or  in  cloudy  weather;  scaleit  minute:  ovary  scarcely  stiped.  On  dry 
liillsides,  California  to  Brit.  Columbia  and  across  the  continent. 

*  *    Very  low  and  densely  matted  subcaulescent  perennials. 

S.  acanlls  L.  Sp.  ed.  2,  603.  Closely  cespitose,  an  inch  or  two  high : 
Reaves  linear,  crowded  on  the  branching  caudex :  flowers  small,  2-3  lines  in 
diameter,  subsessile  or  raised  on  naked  curved  peduncles :  calyx  narrowly 
campanulate  glabrous,  the  teeth  short  and  rounded :  petals  purplish  or 
n'hite,  minutely  appendaged,  obcordate,  exserted:  flowers  diwcious  by 
abortion.    Arctic  America  to  the  Cascade  and  Rocky  Mountains. 

*  •  *    Caulescent  perennials.  . '' 


CARYOPHYLLACEiE. 


BILBNB. 


•*-  Flowers  large  rather  few :  calyx  cylindrical  or  clavnte :  petals  5-7 
lines  long,  4-8everal-cleft :  stems  leafy :  seedcoat  more  or  less  rough- 
ened but  firm. 

S.    Californlca  Bnrand  PI.  Pratt.  83.    Glandular-pubescent  or  pubei  u- 
lent:   stems  several  from  the  simple  root,  ^-4  feet  high,  lax,  leaiy,  sim- 
ple, or  branched  above :  leaves  oblanceolate  to  ovate  1-4  inches  long,  acute  | 
or  acuminate :  flowers  large,  deep  scarlet,  few  at  the  ends  of  the  brancht-s; : 
pedicels  short,  the  lower  deflected  in  fruit:  calyx  7-10  lines  long:  petals 
deeply  parted  with  bifid  segments,  the  lobes  2-3  toothed  or  entire ;  scales  I 
oblong-lanceolate :  capsule  ovate  6  lines  long  rather  shortly  stipitate.    Cal- 
ifornia, reaches  the  southwest  corner  of  Oregon. 

S.  Hookerl  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  FI.  i,  193.  White-tomentose,  especially 
above:  stems  leafy  3-10  inches  high,  from  a  deep  perpendicular  rot  it; 
leaves  spatulate  or  lanceolate,  acute,  an  inch  or  so  long,  attenuate  below 
to  a  winged  petiole:  flowers  large  and  showy,  on  erect  pedicels  1-2  inches  I 
long;  calyx  oblong-clavate,  8-10  lines  long:  petals  pale  pink,  twice  longer 
than  the  calyx,  the  broad  claw  not  auricled,  the  cuneate  blade  1-6  parted 
with  lanceolate  or  linear  entire  or  bifld  segments ;  scales  lanceolate,  de- 
current  upon  the  claw,  ovary  roundish,  nearly  sessile.  Prairies  audi 
wooded  hillsides,  Willamette  valley  to  California. 

'  •*-■*-    Flowers  smaller,  6-8  lines  in  diameter. 

•M-  Flowers  borne  in  the  forks  of  the  branches  forming  a  leafy  in- 
florescence. 

S.    campannlata  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  x.  341.    Finely  glandular 
pubescent :  root  thick,  simple,  caudex  branching,  somewhat  woody :    stem 
6-10  inches  high,    simple  or  dichotomously  branched   at  the  su  mmit; 
leaves  lanceolate,  1-1)^   inches  long,  acute  or  acuminate ;  flowers  solitary 
or  few,  on  short  deflexed  pedicels ;  calvx  campanulate,  5-6  lines  long,  the 
teeth  broad,  obtuse  or  acxitish,  and  finely   net-veined ;  petals  pale  flesh- 1 
color,  9  lines  long,  with  pubescent  scarcely  auriculate  claws,  the  limb  4-1 
parted  nearly  to  the  base,  the  lobes  bifid  to  the  middle,  or  the  lateral  onesi 
entire  or  notched ;  appendages  oblong,  fleshy,  entire ;  filaments  pubescent, 
exserted ;  ovary  suborbicuhir,  shortly  stipitate.    In  mountains  of  southern  | 
Oregon  and  northern  California. 

S.  ttreenli.  S.  campannlata  var.  Greenii  Watson  in  Robinson  Proc.\ 
Am.  Acad,  xxviii,  1S7.  Pubescent  and  viscid-glahdular  throughout:! 
root  simple ;  rootstock  branching:  stems  slender  declined  or  ascending:! 
leaves  ovate :  calyx  green,  open  campanulate,  deeply  toothed :  petals  rather  I 
broad,  cleft  into  4  or  more  greenish  or  yellow  segments:  capsule  globular. [ 
In  the  mountains  from  the  Cow  Creek  country  to  northern  California. 

8.    Meiiisier.ii  Hook.   Fl.  i,  90  t,  30.    S.  stellarioides  Nutt.   T.  tfe  G.  i, 
193.     Finely  glandular-pubescent:    stems  weak, dichotomously  branched] 
above:  loaves  ovute-lanceolate,  acuminate  at  each  end:  flowers  small:  ca- 
lyx 2-4  lines  long:  petals  2-cleft  commonlj'  unappendaged :  capsule  ovate- 1 
oblong,  2  lines     or  less  broad.     Common    from    Vancouver  Island  to| 
southern  California  and  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  New  Mexico. 

-*■-  -t-  Flowers  few,  rather  small,  white  or  nearly  so,  nodding,  boriiel 
in  a  lax  naked  pannicle :  petals  cleft  into  4  or  more  narrowly  linear  almost | 
filiform  segments ;  styles  long  exserted. 

S.  longistylls  Engelm.  in  Herb.  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxii  469.1 
Cespitose  with  a  slender  much-branched  catidex:  finely  pubescent  through- 1 
out,  with  very  short  spreading  subglandular  hairs:  stems  slender,  6-121 
inches  high :  leaves  linear-lanceolate  or  oblanceolate,  acute  an  inch  lontrnri 
less,  mostly  radical,  the  caul itie  only  1  or  2  pairs :  calyx  ovate  cylindrical! 
soon  becoming  ovoid,  the  teeth  broad  ovate,  petals  white,  the  narrow  clawl 
scarcely  auricled  and  very  pubescent,  the  blade  deft  nearly  to  the  baseT 


SILENE. 


CARYOPHYLLACE^. 


77 


into  four  linear  or  filiform  segments ;  appendages  linear,  entire :  stamens 
and  style  long  exserted,  capsule  eubsessile :  seeds  small,  dark  red.  Siski- 
you Mountains,  near  Ashland,  Oregon,  to  Scott's  Mountain,  California, 

-I-  •»-  -^  Flowers  scattered  or  variously  paniculate:  style  in- 
cluded or  somewhat  exserted :  capsule  distinctly  stipitate :  calyx  cylin- 
drical or  in  fruit  clavate  or  obovate,  usually  distinctly  contracted 
about  the  stipe  of  the  capsule. 

H.  Oregana  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  x,  343.  Viscidly  pubescent: 
stems  strict,  erect,  simple,  few  to  several  from  a  deepperjjendicular  root  1- 
2  inches  long :  flowers  in  an  open  dichotomous  panicle,  somewhat  nod- 
ding, upon  slender  pedicels  3-6  lines  long:  petals  white,  10  lines  long,  the 
narrow  limb  parted  to  the  base  and  the  lobes  deeply  bifid  with  filiform 
segments,  the  narrow  naked  claw  with  the  auricl«>s  produced  upward  into 
lanceolate  teeth :  scales  linear  entire :  ovary  oblong,  long  stipitate.  Oregon 
andWashington  in  mountainous  districts. 

S.  montana  Watson  1.  c.  343.  Finely  pubescent :  stems  erect  from  a 
more  or  less  decumbent  base  4-14  inches  high  :  linear-lanceolate  or  nar- 
rowly oblanceolate,  acuminate  1-2,^  inches  long  mostly  radical ;  the  cau- 
line  3-4  pairs,  inflorescence  varying  from  subspicate  to  paniculate ;  flowers 
rarely  solitary:  calyx  6-9  lines  long:  petals  greenish  white  to  rose-color 
2-4  lines  longer  than  the  calyx,  stamens  and  style  about  equalling  the  pet- 
als: ovary  long-stipitate :  capsule  acutish.  Near  Carson  City,  Nevada,  to 
Mariposa,  Cal.  Specimens  collected  in  the  Siskiyou  Mountains  near  the 
Oregon  line  are  doubtfully  referred  to  this  species. 

8.  Gormani.  Finely  puberulent  with  minute  crisj)  hairs,  glandular 
above;  stems  slender,  simple,  1-2  feet  high:  leaves  lanceolate  to  linear,  the 
lower  ones  narrowed  below  to  a  long  slender  petiole,  acute  or  acuminate: 
flowers  rather  few,  erect,  in  a  htrict  elongated  panicle,  or  sometimes  con- 
tracted to  a  several-flowered  cyme,  pedicels  very  unequal  3-12  lines  long, 
blender;  calyx  oblong- cylindrical,  6-8  lines  long,  truncate  at  base,  some- 
vvliat  costate  with  10  green  ribs,  t!<e  intervening  8pace8scariQua.;_.the  subu- 
late teeth  very  acute;  petals  well  exserted;  the  blade  ^^itpar'Ecd  with  cleeply 
a-loled  segments:  stamens  and  stvles  well  exserted: 'capsule  oval,  abruptly 
contrat tod  below  to  e  short  stipe,  ^n  forests.  Hunt's  Eanch,  Jackson  Co. 
Oregon,  440»  feet  elevation:  Aug.  13th,  1896:  M.  W.  Gorman. 

■*-•*-■*-■**  Calyx  oblong,  campanulate,  or  rarely  obovate,  rather 
loosely  surrounding  the  ovary  sometimes  narrowed  downward,  but 
not  distinctly  contracted  about  the  stipe. 

S.  Snksdorlll  Robiiii?on  Bot.  Gaz.  xvi  '4  t.  6.  Low,  dense',  matted: 
stems  2-5  inches  high,  simple,  1-3  flowered,  minutely  pubesctat  bei  nv, 
glandular  above  :  stem  leaves  about  2  pairs,  linear  :5-7  lines  long,  a  line 
wide :  radical  leaves  numerous,  crowded,  similar  or  somewhat  spatulate: 
calyx  broadly  cylindrical  or  campanulate  seldom  exceeding  5  linea  in 
length;  nerves  conspicuous,  simple  below,  ana8tonioFir.;.r  above,  petals 
white,  little  exceeding  the  calyx ;  shallowly  biful,  lobts  entire:  append- 
ages oblong,  retuse :  stipe  of  capsule  \%  lines  long.  On  the  snowy  peaks, 
Washingon  to  California. 

S.  LyallU  Watson  1.  c.  xxviii,  144.  Glabrous  excepting  the  inflores- 
cence which  is  subglandular-puberulent :  stems  slender  ascending :  leaves 
linea '•-oblanceolate,  1-2  inches  long,  the  lower  attenuate  to  a  slentler  pet- 
iole :  flowers  in  dichotomous  few-flowered  cymes,  the  slender  pedicels  3-4 
lines  long,  not  deflexed ;  calyx  4  lines  long,  campanulate,  net-veined  above, 
the  teeth  obtuse,  broadly  trianj^rular ;  petals  7  lines  long,  brownish  purple, 
with  an  oblong  shortly  bifid  limb,  oblong  entire  appendages,  and  naked 
Bcarcely  auricled  claw ;  anthers  purple,  included ;  styles  very  short ;  ovary 
imall,  narrowly  oblong<    CAS«ad«  Mountains  lat.  49  Lyall  to  California, 


CARYOPHYLIJ^CE^ . 


8ILBNR. 


"This  doubtful  species  is  to  be  distinguished  from  some  forms  of  S.  Douij- 
laaii  only  by  its  smaller  flowers,  more  leafy  habit  and  darker  petals!" 
Robinson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxviii,  144. 

S.  DonglaBii  Hook  Fl .  1,  88.  Finely  puberulent  throughout  and  I 
rarely  somewhat  glandular  above :  stems  numerous  erect  or  ascending 
from  a  branching  decumbent  rootstock,  slender  6-15  inches  high,  simple 
few-flowered:  leaves  narrowly  oblanc  olate  to  linear,  an  inch  or  two  long: 
flowers  erect  on  slender  pedicels :  calyx  oblong-cylindric,  often  somewhat 
inflated,  5-7  lines  long:  petals  8-10  '-ries  long,  with  broad  obtuse  lobes,  a 
narrow  auricled  claw  and  narr  w  scaies:  claws,  fibments  and  stipe  of  the 
ovary,  more  or  less  villous :  capsule  oblong-ovate  equalling  the  calyx, 
rather  long  stipitate  seeds  strongly  tub  'rcled  on  the  back.  Kocky  places 
and  cliffs,  Wasnington  to  California  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Var.    Tfsclda  Robinson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxviii,  144.    Glandular-Tiscid  | 
especially  above:  stems  erect,  rigid,  mostly  simple    from  a  branched, 
slightly  woody  base :  calyx  broadly  oblong  or  almost  campanidate  rela- 1 
tively  short:  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate  to  linear-oblong,  thickisb .     WashlBgr 
ton  to  Brit.  Columbia. 

Si  macrocalyx.  S.  Douglasii  var.  macrucalyx  Robinson  Proc.  Am, 
Acad,  xxviii,  145,  Puberulent  or  nearly  smooth,  scarcely  viscid :  stems; 
8evei"al  from  the  flesliy  root,  rather  stout  1-2  foet  liigli:  leaves  narrowly  la!:- 
ceolate  to  linear,  attenuate  to  each  end :  flowi-rs  mostly  in  3-flowered  long- 
peduncled  cymes:  calyx  long-cylindrical,  8-10  lines  long,3-5  lines  in  diameter, 
the  ends  of  the  teeth  surrounded  by  an  obtuse  inflexed  membrane :  petals 
pink  or  purplish,  2-lobed:  segments  obtuse:  claw  auricled,  appendages  ob- 
long, obtuse.  On  dry  ridges^  Mount  Adams  Washington  to  the  Humboldt 
Mountains  in  Nevada. 

S.    €olnmblana.     S.  Douglasii  var.  brachycalyx  Robinson  I.  c .     Smooth 
or  puberulent,  but  not  viscid:  root  thick  and  branching:  stems  many  from  tiie 
much  branched  caudex,  slender,  erect,  or  decumbent  at  base,  ?-2  feet  high: 
leaves  distant,  spreading,  naiTowly  oblanceolate  the  lower  ones  attenuate  at 
both  ends,  2-4  inches  long:  flowers  boriifl  in    1-5  flowered  long- peduncled 
cymes:  calyx  campanulate:   8-10  lines   long,  in  fruit  4-6  lines  in  diamet'-r. 
strongly   lO-nerved,  the   intervening  spaces   scarious,  the  short  tilanguiar  | 
teeth  scarious  margined:  petals  white  or  pale  pink  2-lobed  reticulate  veined, 
the  blade  half  as  long   as  the  calyx,  the  claw  conspicuously  auricled,  the  I 
prominent  scales  oblong,  shallowly  2'lobed:  capsule  ovnid,  5-6  line*  long  on  | 
a  stout  stipe  half  as  long:  seeds  dark  brown  with  a  prominent  pectinate  bor- 
der.    On  cliffs  and  rocky  banks  along  the  lower  Columbia  and  Willamette  | 
rivers. 

S.    monantha  Watson  1.  c.  x,  340.    Glabrous:  stems  very  weak,  elon- 
gated,, ascending,  branched :  leaves  narrowly   oblanceolate    1)^-3  inches  I 
long,  acuminate,  shortly  ciliate  at   base:  flowers  terminal  on  elongated 

fjeduncles,  not  reflexed :  calyx  6  lines  long,  slightly  puberulent :  petals  fl 
ines  long,  the  naked  claw  very  narrowly  auricled,  limb  bifid  with  broad 
rounded  lobes :  scales  lanceolate  entire,  half  as  long  as  the  limb:  filaments  { 
naked;  style  short:  ovary  '"■•long,  rather  long- stipitate.    Collected  by  Kel- 
logg &  Harford  near  the  dea  of  the  Columbia :  not  since  found . 

S.    Mtfeonnll  Walr  c.  xxvi,  124.     Stems    very  slender    from  a  | 

slender  brahching  i-  ,t8iock  a  foot  high,  minutely  pubescent,  gland- 
ular above:  leaves  linear-oblanceolate,  8  inches  long  or  less:  flowers  few, 
on  pedicels  6^12  lines  lor.},  calyx  inflated,  oblong-campanulate,  4-5  lines  | 
long,  with  short  obtuse  teeth :  petals  little  exserted,  with  a  broadly  auri- 
cled glabrous  claw  ahd  large  thin  quadrate  and  nearly  entire  appendages  I 
the  fiabelliform  bifid  blade  with  a  linear  tooth  on  each  side :  capsule 
equalling  the  calyx,  oblong-oVate,  on  a  stipe  l}4  lines  long.  Washington  | 
to  Briti  Coluhibia. 


I  light  crimson. 


811.BNE. 
LYCHNIS. 


CARYOPHYLLACE^. 


79 


S.    mnlticanle  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  192.    Grayish  tomentulose  :  Btems 
I  numerous,  erect,  rigid,  about  a  foot  high :  leaves  linear-oblanceolate :  rather 
acute :  flowers  in  threes,  few,  on  shortish  peduncles :  calyx  ovate-cylindri- 
cal, slightly  inflated  with  obtuse  teeth :  petals    bifld :  seeds  brown,  mar- 
gined with  a  scaly  crest.    Eastern  Oregon  and  Washington  to  Montana 
I  and  Idaho. 

S>    seaposa  Robinson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxviii,  145.    Finely  puberulent, 

Bomewhat  viscid  ab(>ve:  stems  erect,  subsimple   almost  naked  12-18  inches 

I  high,  rather  rigid:  radical  leaves  thickish,  oblaiiceolate,  acute,  3-aerved, 

j  somewhat  glaucpus  2-3  Inches  long.  3-5  lines  broad,  cuuline  leaves  reduced 

to  1-2  pairs  of  distant  bracts:  inflorescence  a  naiTow  rigid  panicle :  flowers 

email  erect:  calyx  oblong  or  elliptical  in  outline,  with  simple  green  nevves : 

petals  white  scarcely  exceeding  the  calyx;  the  blade  short,  retuse,  the  claw 

with  somewhat  saccate  auricles :   appendages  short,  obtuse:   ovary  shortly 

Utiped.    Blue  Mountains  of  Oregon,  Nevius;  Cold  Camp*  Oregon,  Howell 

^  -t-  -tr-  ■*-   ■*-    Inflorescence    subspicate   or  forming  an   elongated 
thyrse :  styles  included  or  moderately  exserted. 

S>    Sconlerl  Hook.  Fl.  i,  88.    More  of  less  pul)eBcent  and  glandular, 

I  especially  above :  stems  stout,  erect,  few  or  solitary  from  deep  perpendicu- 

•  roots,  1-4  feet  high,  leaves  oblanceolate  2-6  inches  long :  flowers  some- 

I  v.'Iiat  crowded  in  the  axils  of  the  bracts :  caJ""*'  oblong  clavate :  petals  bi- 

I  fid,  the  lobes  oblong  emarginate;  the  claws  w.      tcute  auricles  woolly -cili- 

ate  &8  well  as  the  filaments;  scales  obtuse;  caps  Ae  ovate-oblong  3-4  times 

longer  than  the  stipe.     Oregon  and  Washington,  east  to  the  Bocky  Moun- 

I  tains. 

8.  Spanldingii  Watson  1.  c.  x,  344,  Yiscidly  tomentose:  stems  erect, 
I  stout,  a  foot  hinh  or  more,  simple  or  branched,  very  leafy:  leaves  lan,- 
jceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  1-2  inches  long,  acutish;  flowers  in  a  shoili- 
Istrict,  racemose  panicle,  nodding  or  erect:  calyx  oblong-cylindric,  7-« 
I  lines  long;  petals  scarcely  exserted,  the  broad  auricled  claw  naked,  the 
I  limb  very  snort  and  triangular,  notched  at  the  apex  and  with  four  small 
lanceolate  scales  at  the  base ;  filaments  and  style  included :  ovary  oblong, 
1  shortly  stipitate.    Eastern  Oregon  and  Idaho. 

2    LYCHNIS  Tourn.  Inst,  i,  333  t.  175,  L.  Gen.  n.  584. 

Erect  herbs  with  the  aspect  of  Silene.  Calyx  ovoid,  obovate, 
lor  clavate,  5-toothed,  10-nerved,  usually  inflated,  its  teeth  short 
land  not  foliaceous.  Petals  with  or  without  appendages ;  the 
jblade  entire  or  variously  lobed  or  cleft.  Stamens  10.  Styles  5, 
1  rarely  4.  alternating  with  the  petals  when  of  the  same  number, 
jo  vary  1-celled  or  divided  at  the  base  into  4  or  5  partial  cells, 
j  Capsule  dehiscent  by  as  many  c  •  twice  as  many  teeth  as  styles, 
j  Seed  8  laterally  attached  :  embryo  curved. 

L.  Drammondli  Watson  Bot.  King  37.  Finely  glandular  pubescent 
labove :  stems  several  from  thick  rootstook,  strict  and  rather  stout  a  foot  or 
jtwo  high :  leaves  narrowly  oblanceolate  2-3  inches  long,  erect :  flowers  few. 
Ion  stout  strictly  erect  often  elongated  pedicels :  calyx  cylindric  becoming 
loblonB-ovate,  6-6  lines  long,  with  short  acutish  teeth:  petals  rarely 
jslightTv  exsertod,  white  or  purple,  the  narrow  emarginate  blade  narrower 
jthan  tne  auricled  claw,  scales  minute,  capsule  nearly  se&sile.  Eastern 
jOregon  to  Colorado. 

L.  CoRONABi*  Desr.  in  Lam.  Diet,  iii,  643,  Densely  woolly-tomentose 
Ithroughout:  stems  1-3  feet  high:  leaves  oval  or  oblong:  calyx  ovoid,  its 
Iteeth  flliform,  twisted,  the  alternating  ribs  more  prominent:  petals  large, 
|light  crimson.    Escaped  from  gardens,  in  several    places    from  Seattle 


80 


OARYOPHYLLACEiE. 


A(1R()8TKMMA. 
CEKA8T1UM. 


Waahington  to  California.  ' 

4    AGROSTEMMA  L.  .Gen.  n.  379. 

Erect  annuals  or  biennials  with  linear  leaves  and  shoivy,  U!^u-'| 
ally  red,  flowers.  Calyx  ovoid  ;  with  10  strong  ribs,  its  Iphej^  Cdii- 
spiouously   prolonged   into   foliaoeous    appendages..     Petals   '),\ 
iinappendaged.      Stamens    10.      Styles   5,  opposite   the   petals, 
Capsule   1-celled.       Seeds   laterally  .attached:   embryo  curvtMl, 

A.    GiTHAGo  L.  Sp.  435.    Lychnis  Githago  Scop.    Hir8\xte  annual :  steins 
1-6  feet  high,  dichotomously  branched :  leaves'linear :  flowers  on  long  pi'l- 
uncles:  calyx  cylindrical  cainpannlate,  with  very  long  teeth,  coriaceous: | 
lietals  large,  purple,  the  blade  obcordate;  scales  none,  capsule  '  sessile, 

Cultivated  fields. 

a 
Tribe  n.     Alsinex  DC.     Sep-ih  free  or   slightly  united   at    the 

very  base.     Petals  more  or  less  contracted  at  base,  but  not  ungiiicn- 

late,  unappendaged,  inserted  on   th".  outside   of  the  hypogynous  or 

more  or  less perigynous  disk.     Flowers  mostly  small;  styles  distinr(\ 

to  the  base.     Ovary   sessile. 

.    '  *  Stipules  none:  petals  entire  or  S-iobed. 

•       •■'  5    CERASTIUM  L.  Gen.  n.  585. 

Low  herbs  with  white  flowers  in  terminal  bracto;tte  dichoto- 
mous  cymes.  Sepals  5,  not  oarinate.  Petals  5,  emurginate  o- 
bifid.  Stamens  10.  Styles  5,  rarely  3  or  4.  Capsule  cylindn'r 
or  cylindric-conic,  often  incurved,  l-celled.,  niany-s^'eded,.  dehis- 
cent by  twice  as  many  teeth  as  styles.  Seeds  subreniform-glo- 
bose,  usually  granulate. 

*    Vi:-!  id  pubescent  annuals. 

C.  longripedaitcnlatum  Muhl.  Cat.  46  C.  nutam  Raf.  Free.  Dec.  ■%. 
Erect,  usually  branching  from  the  base,  4-10  inches  high :  leaves  narrowly 
oblong  or  lirtear-lancfeolate,  acute,  clasping '  }-2-l J^  ini-hes  long:  cynu's 
often  many-flowered ;  pedicels  often  nodding  or  deflexed  in  fruit ;  calyx 
11^-2  lines  long,  the  petals  slightly  longer:  capsule  4-6  lines  long  curvt^d. 
Sandy  river  bottoms,  eastern  Oregon  to  the  Atlantic . 

C.    viBcosuM   L.  Sp.  437.    Suberect,  3-12  inches   high,  dichotomously 
branched  above,  leaves  ovate  or  obovate  or  oblong-. )vate  6-12  lines  long: 
flowers  in  close  clusters  on  very  short  pedicels:  sepals  4,  lanciolate,  acumi- 
nate, with  narrow  scarious  margins   1 1-2-2  lines  long:   petalfe  notched  with  I 
rounded  lobes,  about  equalling  the  sepals :  capsule  narrow,  at  length  much  | 
oxserted.    Throughout  temperate  North  America  in  cultivated  fields,  cto. 

*  *    Perennials. 

C.  vuLOATu.M  L.  Sr.  nd.  2,  "^7.  Prostrate  and  rooting  at  the  nodes  or  sub- 
erect,  4-12  inches  high ,  pubescent  with  spreading  hairs :  leaves  spatulate  or 
oblanceolate  to  broadly  lanceolate,  6-15  'nes  long:  flowers  in  clusters  at 
the  ends  of  the  branchea,  on  slender  pedicels  1-2  lines  long :  sepals  lanceo- 
late acute  with  scarious  tips,  2-8  lines  long :  petals  oblong  2-toothed,  about 
equalling  the  sepals.    Common  erverywhere,  introduced  from  EurojH^ 

C.    |>il08am  Ledeb.  Mem.  Acad.  Petr.   v,  539  (?).    Erect,  rather  stout, 
more  or  less  densely  pjiose,  glandular-pubescent  above,  leaves  oblong-lan- 
ceolate 6-12  lines  lor  g,  l-tJ  lines  broad,  acute,  almost  sheathing  at  ba.«o: 
flowers  large,  few :  calyx  3-4  lines  long,  the  ^tals  half  longer:  capsule  (i- 1 
10  iine»  long,  the  alenaer  tseth  at  length  cirdnate.    Alaska  and  Siberia  to  | 


CERABTIVM. 
ALBIMX. 


CARYOPHYLLACE^. 


81 


[California.  . 

C.  arrense  L.  Sp.  438.  More  or  less  pubescent  with  reflexed  hairs :  ces- 
pitose :  stems  erect,  rather  slender,  3-16  inches  high :  loaves  linear  or  linear- 
janceolate  6-18  lines  long,  acute,  clasping,  those  of  the  stem  distant : 

bracts  small :  cyme  few-flowered,  usually  narrow :  pedicels  half  to  an  inch 

or  more  long :  calyx  2-3  lines  long,  lanceolate, 

Var.    angnstlfoliiim  Fenzl  in  Ledeb.  Fl.  Ross,  i,  413  ( ?)    StemH  pubes- 
icent,  hoary  or  glandular :  leaves  elongated,  linear  or  narrowly  linear- lan- 
eolate,  attenuate  at  base ;  those  of  the  stem  approximate :  lobes  of  the  pet- 
i\s  oblong-ovate.    Oregon. 

C.    alpliinm  L.  Sp.  438.    Densely  silky-hirsute :  stems  weak,  decum- 
ent  ana  matted:  leaves  elliptic-ovate,  4-6  lines  long:  flowers  few,  on  more 
pr  less  elongated  pedicels;  petals  bifid,  twice  the  length  of  the  rather  ob- 
tuse scarious-margined  and  hairy    sepals:  capsule  nearly  twice  as  long  as 
|the  calyx.    Wyoming  to  Alaska,  perhaps  in  Idaho. 

6    ALSINE  L.  (not  Wahl.  Fl.  Lap.  127.) 

Low  gpreading  herbs,  usually  preferring  shaded  or  moist 
j)lnces,  with  mostly  4-angled  stenis,  flat,  rarely  acerose;  leaves 
land  small  white  flowers  in  cymes  or  solitary.  Sepals  5,  rarely  4, 
Igomewhat  united  at  base.  Petals  as  many,  rarely  wanting,  a)- 
Viiys  more  or  less  deeply  2-cleft,  often  divided  almost  to  the 
[base,  thus  appearing  as  10,  often  perigynous.  Stamens  10,  or  by 
labortion  3-8,  styles  3,  sometimes  2,  4  or  5,  opposite  to  as  many 
Igepals.  Capsule  globose  to  oblong,  1 -celled,  dehiscent  to  below 
Ithe  middle  with  twice  as  many  membranous  valves  as  st}  les. 
[Seeds  numerous,  reniform-globose  or  laterally  compressed. 

1    Myosoton  Monch  Method.  225,  (as  genus).     Styles  5, al- 
|ternate  with  the  sepals.     Leaves  ovate,  acute. 

A.  AQUATicA.  Stellaria  aqvatico,  Scop.  Perennial:  stems  strongly  an- 
Igled  and  somewhat  pubescent:  leaves  large  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
■acute,  the  upper  sessile,  cordate;  the  lower  petiolate:  pedicels  glandi.lar- 
Iviscid  deflexed  in  fruit:  petals  13^3-2  times  aa  long  as  the  campanulate 
Iglandular-pubescent  calyx :  styles  5,  alternate  with  the  sepals :  seeds  nu- 
jmerous  dark-colored  tuberculately  roughened.  At  Nanaimo,  Brit.  Colum- 
jbia,  perhaps  Washington  ;  introduced  from  Europe. 

§  2  EusTELLARiA  Fcnzl.     Styles  3  or  4.  .   ■ 

*    Petals  deeply  2- parted,  sometimes  minute  or  wanting:  segments 

narrow. 

-•-     I    wer  leaves  contracted  to  slender  petioles. 

A.  medlu  L.  Sp.  i.  272.  Stellaria  media  Cyr.  Char.  Comm.  36.  Gla- 
IbroiiB  or  nearly  so:  stems  weak  and  spreading,  rooting  at  the  lower  joints, 
jmarked  by  a  pubescent  line :  leaves  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  3-9  lines  long 
Ion  hairy  petioles  or  the  uppermost  sessile :  pedicels  slender,  4-6  lines  long, 
Jdeflexed  in  fruit:  bracts  fohaceous:  petals  oblong,  deeply  diyided,  shorter 
jthan  the  pubescent  sepals :  stamens  3-10 :  capsule  oblong-ovate  2-3  lines 
llong,  equalling  or  exceeding  the  calyx.  A  common  weed  in  shady  places 
jand  cultivated  grounds.    Faid  to  be  introduced  from  Europe. 

A.  nltens  Greene  Bot.  Bay.  Reg.  33.  Stellaria  nitons  N>dt.  T.  A  G.  Fl.  i. 
\M.  Smooth  and  shining,  t'lten  hairy  at  base:  stems  slender,3-8  inches 
Ihigh  erect  or  spreading,  dichotomously  branched  with  the  flowers  in  the 
[forks:  leaves  lancer'.ate,,  3-6  lines  long,  acute,  the  lower  shortly  petiolate: 
Ibracts  small  and  S'.;ariou8 :  pedicels  not  deflexed  in  fruit:  iH'tals  narrow, 


I   i 


m 


CAKYOI'IIYTJ.ACK.K. 


ALHINI 


acuminate,  H-nerved,  2  IUu'h  \on)i,  twice  longer  than  the  «leei)ly  lobeii  yti 
alB  which  are  HometimeH  wanting:  ca}>Mnle  oblong,  Hhorter  than  the  Hi'|ia|| 
Common  in  moist  open  phicen,  VVaaliington  to  California,  east  to  Utah. 

•4-  •*-     Leaves  all  sessile  or  subsesBile,  sometimes  narrow  but  ni)i| 
acerose. 

**    Bracts  Hmall  and  scarious. 
=    Flowers  small :  petals  minute  or  none. 

A.  baicaleiisis  Coville  Contr.  Nat.  Herb,  iv,  70.  Slellaria  vmlirll4 
Tiircz.  Glabrous,  stems  very  slender,  ascending  from  slender  rootstoct 
which  are  clothed  with  orbicular  scale-like,  irolorless  bracts:  leaves  sjim 
in^,  elliptical  or  olong-lanceolate,  acute  at  eacJiend,  4-8  lines  long:  fliiwjj 
in  a  simple  or  comiMJund  open  umbel-like  few-rajed  cyme :  pedicels  eli 
gated:  sepals  ovate-lanceolate,  1-nerved,  \-2}4  hues  long:  petals  no™ 
mature  capsule  twice  longer  than  the  calyx.  Rocky  Mountains  to  Uniij 
county,  Oregon,  Cusick. 

==  =    Flowers  of  medium  size :  ^letals  equalling  or  exceeding  tlic| 

calyx. 

a  Seeds  essentially  smooth. 
A.  longifolia  Britton  Mem.  Torr.  Club  v.  150.  Stellaria  lomfifolia  Mim 
Stems  sharply  4-angled,  commonly  8  inches  or  more  in  height :  leaves  lil 
ear  or  linear-oblong,  somewhat  narrowed  at  each  end,  thickish,  often  cif 
ate  toward  the  base ;  the  larger  ones  1-2  inches  long :  flowers  latlil 
numerous  in  a  lateral  long-ped uncled  open  cyme;  pedicels  spreading,  hoi 
zontal  or  deflexed :  petals  and  capsule  exceeding  the  sepals :  seeds  sniootf 
Idaho  to  Canada  and  Maryland.   (Europe  and  Asia). 

A.  loiiffipes  Coville  Contr.  Nat.  Herb,  iv,  70.  Stellaria  longipes  GaUi 
Smooth  and  shining  or  glaucous,  erect  or  ascending,  2-18  inches  liiJ 
leaves  linear  to  linear-lanceolate,  ^1-12  lines  long,  1-1^  lines  wide  acn| 
rather  rigid  and  usually  ascending :   flowers  few,  on    long  slender  ur 

f>edicel8 :  sepals  scarcely  nerved  \y^-2%  lines  long :  petals  about  e<iui 
ing  the  calyx :  mature  capsule  longer  than  the  calyx.     About  springs  ttij 
eastern  Washington  to  California,  east  to  the  Atlantic. 

b    Seeds  distinctly  rugose-roughened  under  a  lens. 

A.  GRAMiNEA  L.  Sp.  42^.  Stems  ascending,  smooth  and  shining  1-23^3  iJ 
high,  sharply  4-angled;  internodes  usually  elongated:  leaves  sessile,  laf 
ceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  thickish,  attenuate,  furrowed  above  and  wil 
midrib  prominent  beneath,  inflorescence  a  broad  terminal  pedunculaT 
cyme,  often  with  one  or  two  smaller  cymes  at  its  base ;  pedicels  eloiipitj 
spreading  or  deflexed :  capsule  exceedilig  the  calyx :  seeds  rugose,  roiifl 
ened.    Introduced  from  Europe. 

A.    nli^iiiosa  Britton  1.   c 
fuse :  stems  numerous,  leaf j  : 
(>-8  lines  long :  seeds  rugose 
Eastern  States. 


Stellaria  nliginosa  Murr.     Low,  weak.( 

leaves   lanceolate  or    elliptical-lanceoliil 

roughened.      Mount  Rainier,  Piper,  to  ll 


*+  ■>*     Bracts  more  or  less  foliaceous. 

A.  brachypetala.  Stellaria  brachypetala  Bong.  S.  alpe»tris  Fries  S.  cij 
ollina  Fenzi.  Glabrous:  stems  weak  and  slender,  usually  erect, 
inches  high  dichotomously  branched  above :  leaves  lanceolate,  atteniiaj 
the  middle  cauline  the  largest,  1-2  inches  long,  1-nerved  :  pedicels  in  1 
forks  of  the  dichotomous  branches,  slender,  spreading.  8-^12  lines  ionj 
sepals  lanceolate,  acute,  scarious  margined  about  a  line  long .  peti 
shorter  than  the  sepals,  2-parted,  the  segments  lanceolate,  acute:  cupsiJ 
oblong-ovoid  exceeduig  the  sepals,  seeds  smooth.  In  wet  places,  Oivf 
to  Alaska  and  the  Eastern  States. 


BractM    (oliaceouB. 


ALrtlXK. 
.\KK\AKIA. 


cakyopiiyllaoim:, 


R3 


A.  bortttlls  I!iit((  II  .Mini.  Torr.  Club  v,  HO.  ytillutia  IniiraiiH  fiigeh 
(iliiltrous:  Btt'iiiH  iiPimlly  wt'iik,  eri'ct  or  Hproadiii^,  l)raiichiiig  ^ij-^  "*«* 
hij.'li :  Itmves  liiieiir-laiu'eolate  to  ovate-oblong,  ,^-2  inoheH  long,  1-5  lines 
wiile,  acute,  flowers  in  dichotomous  cymes:  sepals  ovate  to  lanceolate,  a 
iiiu'  long  or  more :  petals  2-parte(l,  shorter  than  tlie  calyx,  2-6  or  wanting : 
cai'cule  ovate  l)<^-2  lines  long,  on  spreading  or  deflex'ed  pednncles :  seeds 
smooth.    Along  streams,  Oregon,  etc.,  to  the  Atlantic. 

A.  hmnlfasa.  Stellaria  hnmifu»a  Botth.  Low,  densely  matted,  smooth  : 
stems  prostrate  or  ascending,  angiilate,  shining :  leaves  elliptic-ovate  or  ob- 
long, acutish,  2-5  lines  long,  marcescent:  bracts  foliaaMnis:  peduncles  axil- 
lary, 4-7  lines  long:  sepals  ovate-oblong  acute,  narrowly  margined, 
petals  somewhat  exceeding  the  calyx :  seeds  smooth. 

A.  crlspa  Holzinger  Contr.  Nat.  Herb,  iii,  IK).  SteUnria  crinpn  Cham, 
d- Schlecht.  Glabrous:  stems  very  slender,  weak  and  decumbent,  (5-12 
inches  long,  simple-  or  sparingly  branched:  leaves  thin,  ovate  to  oblong- 
ovate,  acuminatw,  commonly  crisp  on  the  edges,  4-6  lines  long :  pedicels 
solitary,  S-10  'ines  long:  sepals  scarious-raargined,  lanceolate,  acute,  lVo-2 
lines  long,  3  nerved :  petals  when  present,  deeply  cleft,  with  linear  acute 
lobes :  capsule  acute,  longer  than  the  calyx. 

A.  obtnsfl.  Stellaria  ohtuxa  Etigelm.  Bot.  Gaz.  vii,  5.  Smooth:  stems 
weak,  nearly  simple,  2-6  inches  long:  leaves  thin,  ovate  to  broadly  lan- 
ceolate, acute,  S-10  lines  long:  flowers  solitary,  appearing  axillary:  sepals 
ovate  obtuse,  hardly  at  all  scarious  on  the  margins:  petals  none: 
capsule  lJ^-])-2  tinies  as  long  as  the  calyx,  obtuse:  seed  brown,  covered 
with  minute  lighter  colored  oblong  tubercles  with  fringed  edges.  In  wet 
places  on  mountains.  Blue  Mountains,  Oregon  to  British  Columbia  and 
Colorado. 

A.  Slmcoel.  Pubescent  throughout  with  spreading  hairs :  densely  ces- 
pitose:  stems  filiform  erect,  simple  or  sparingly  branched,  4-8  inches 
nigh :  leaves  oblong  to  elliptical,  acute,  4-6  lines  long,  1-nerved :  pedicels 
solitary,  filiform,  10-12  lines  long:  sepals  oblong,  acutish,  broadly  mar- 
gined, less  than  a  line  long:  i)etaTs  2-parted;  segments  oblong,  about  half 
as  long  as  the  calyx ;  capsule  and  seeds  not  seen.  In  springs  on  top  of  the 
iSimcoe  Mountains,  Washington. 

*  *    Petals  retuse  or  shortly  l)ifid,  divided  but  f^-Vg  the  way  to  the 
base,  commonly  considerably  exceeding  the  calyx. 

A,  Jamesli  Holzinger  1.  c.  Stellaria  Jumesii  Torr.  Viscid  alx)ve : 
stems  strongly  angled,  rather  stout  and  ascending,  branched,  1-2  feet 
high:  leaves  linear  to  ovate-lanceolate,  attenuate,  1-3  inches  long,  2-9 
lines  wide,  acuminate,  dark  green:  pedicels  spreading,  rather  short,  at 
length  deflexed:  sepals  oblong,  acute,  2-3  lines  long,  the  biiid  petals 
mostly  twice  longer:  capsule  ovate  shorter  than  the  calyx:  seqds  smooth. 
Woodlands  and  creek  bottoms,  northern  Califov.iia  to  Washington,  Colo- 
rado, New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

7    ARENAKIA   L.  Gen.  n.  569. 

Mostly  low,  often  tufted  Jinniuil  or  perennial  herl»s  with  ses- 
ifile  subulate  and  more  or  less  rigid  leaves  without  stipules  and 
small  white  flowers  in  paniculate  or  capitate  cymes  in  spring  and 
summer.  Sepals  5,  rarely  4.  Petals  as  many  as  sepals,  rarely 
wanting,  entire  or  emarginate.  Stamens  twice  as  many  as  pet- 
iils.  Styles  ',],  rarely  2,  4  or  5,  opposite  as  many  sepals.  Cap- 
sule glol)ose  or  short-oblong,  dehiscent  into  as  many  2-cleft 
viilves  as  styles,  ww  to  many-seeded.  Seeds  laterally  compressed 
ur  reuiform-globose. 


84 


CARYOPHYLLACE^. 


ARKNARIA. 


AKKNAKIA. 


I 


§  1  M(EHRiNGiA  Fenzl,  in  Endl.  Gen.  9(18.  Seeds  at  Icaitl 
when  young  provided  with  a  spongy  appendage  at  the  hihmi. 

A.  lateriflora  L.  Bp,  423.  Minutely  pubescent:  stems  erect,  sU'iderl 
4-12  inches  hiRh,  simple  or  branched :  leaves  oblong  or  ovul  obtuso 
lin(!S  long,  puh  ;tato,  hntry  on  the  margin  and  midril):  peduncles  I  literal 
and  terminal,  2-fic)wered,  one  of  the  pedicels  bibracteolate  near  the  iniil 
die:  sepals  oblong-ovate  obtuse,  IJ^  lines  long:  peta^n  ■  >blong,  obtuHel 
twice  longer  than  the  sepals.  In  damp  shady  places,  werjiorn  Oregon  to| 
the  Atlantic  Coast. 

A.  macrophylla  Hook.  Fl.  i,  102  t.  37.  Stems  ascending  3-8  in(^heJ 
high,  mostly  simple,  leafy,puberulent  above :  leaves  3-4  pairs,  narrowly  lanJ 
ceolate,  acute  at  each  end,  1-2  incheslong,  thin,  bright  green,  the  upper  larJ 
gest:  flowers  few  on  slender  pedicels;  sepals  ovate-oblong,  acuminate,  IJ3T 
23^  lines  long,  1-nerved:  petals  obovate,  longer  or  shorter  than  the  sepals; 
capsule  ovoid,  nearly  equalling  the  calyx:  seeds  rather  large,  smooth 
Open  forests,  Brit.  Columbia  to  California,  east  to  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

§  2  Ammadenia  B.  &  H.  Gen.  i,  151.  Flowers  axillary.  Sepall 
united  at  base ;  styles  3-5  :  ovary  more  or  less  3-5  celled,  diskl 
conspicuous  10-lobed  and  glanduliferou» :  capsule  globose,  8onie[ 
what  baccate.     Seeds  not  appendaged. 

A.  peploides  L.  8p.  42S.  Glabrous  perennial :  stems  6-8  inches  high,! 
stout,  angled :  leaven  thick,  ovate  or  obovate  1  nerved,  shortly  pointed,! 
claspir.g  at  the  broad  ba'?e:  sepals  ovat<' lanceolate,  acuminate,  3)^  lines! 
long,  about  equalling  the  petals,  f^andv  seashore  from  the  Columbia  riverl 
northwards  and  on  the  northern  Atlantic  Coast,  (northern  Europe  anii| 
Asia). 

A.  Sitchensls  Dietr.  Syn.  PI.  ii,  1565.  A  peploides  var.  major.  Honi\ 
I.e.  ion.  Glabrous  and  succulent :  6-12  inches  nigh  from  thick  creepinjl 
rootstocks:  leaves  oblong  to  short-spatulate,  obtuse  or  acute,  short-apicuT 
late,  fleshy,  with  narrow,  scarious,  orenulate  margins:  flowers  axillary,  onl 
short  penduDuli'b:  lobes  of  the  calyx  lanceolate-ovate,  acu  about  a  liiiel 
long :  petals  obiong,  narrowed  below  to  a  short  claw  aboui  half  as  long  i 
tin  ^obes  of  t^8  CiJyx,  sometimes  wanting.  Salt  marshes,  coast  of  Oregoii| 
to  Alaska, 


?,    Meuckia  B.   &  H.  Gen.  i,  151. 


Styles  3-5.     Ovary  3-5-| 
inflated: 


celled :    capeule    large,  depressed-globose,  somewhat 
many-seeded,  seeds  not  appendaged. 

A.  physodes  Fisch.  in  DC.  Prod,  i,  413.  Cespitose  perennial:  stemsl 
weak,  decumbent,  3-6  inches  long :  leaves  ovate,  cuspidately  pointed  4-til 
lines  long :  flowers  solitary  at  the  summit  of  the  stem  or  becoming  lateral! 
sepals  lance-oblong,  acute,  3  lines  long  equalling  or  slightly  exceeding  thel 
petals :  capsule  4  lines  in  diameter.  Brit.  Columbia  to  northern  Alaskal 
perhaps  northern  Washingt'^n. 

§  4  EuARENARiA  Roblnson  1.  c.  219.  Styles  normally  3,  capsulel 
ovoid,  dehiscent  by  3  2-toothed  or  parted  valves :  seeds  not| 
appendaged. 

*    Leaves  ovate  elliptic  or  linear,  not  acerose. 

A,     BEBPYLMFOLiA  L.  Sp.  423.    Diffuse,  3-10  inches  high,  retrorsely  pul 
bescent:   leaves  ovate,  acute,  minutely  ci'iate:  sepals  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate hairy  3-5  nerved,  nearly     twice  the  length  of  the  petals:  capsuki 
ovate,  as  long  as  the  sepals.    Fields  and  roadsides,  western  Oregon  and | 
Washington,  also  in  the  Atlantic  Btates. 

Var.  tenuiob  Koch.  Hynop.  117.     More  delicate,  leaves  reduced:  flovyersl 


li-T 


IRRXARIA. 


\KKNAHIA. 


CAHYOI'IIYLLACE^:. 


85 


liimillt'r,  in  a  iioarly  iiiiktil  riu'omoni  panicle,  niimiili'   more  oblong.     I'ort- 


I,  '»regon  and  vicinity,  (Kurnpt'). 


i;t'whi  t 
vuhmlia 


need :  flovversl 


mil 

*  »    liCavcH  very  narrowly  linear  coninionly  aceroee,  often  rigid  and 
]i<ingent. 

+     SepalH  broadly  ovate  obtUHish,  sonuUmes  apiculate:  fljwers  not 
(li'iifex'ly  aggregate. 

A.  capillarls  Poir.  in  Lam.  Encycl.  vi.  HfiO..  I.eaveH  chiefly  grouped 
k  tlui  base  in  fasciclefi  up<jn  a  multieipital  caudex,  >^-2i>^  incliee  lonut, 
fconit'wbat  pungent,  little  gnreading;  the  caullne  few  pairs,  much  reduciu; 
lUniH  4-8  incFieH  in  heignt:  petaln  obovate,  cnnHiclerably  exceeding  the 
pliort  obtuse  sepals.    Idaho  to  the  Kocky  Mountains. 

A.  formo^a  Fisch,  in  DC.  Prcdr.  i,  4l'.2.  More  or  less  glandular-ju- 
eseent  above,  erect,  3-12  inches  high:  leaves  linear  Fubulate,  half  to  tvo 
Inclios  long,  pungent:  the  cauline  few,  short  and  orttt:  flcwern  fiw  in  in 
open  cyme ;  bracts  f-mall,  lanceolate :  fepals  ovatf,  acute,  1-2  1'  es  Icrir.  :  - 
nerv(d,  membranously  margired:  petals  half  longer:  ciippi>'' 
beetling  the  calyx.  In  the  higher  mountains  frcm  r 
California. 

A.    acnleat*  Wateon  Bot.  King  40.    Leaves  fascicled  of  nu- 

aerous  barren    shoots,  glaucous,    ligid,  subulate  and  stems 

hearly  naked,  somewhat  scabrous    above :   flowers  few  -lender 

^rect  pedicels:  sepals  ovate  acute:  capsule  l)ecoming  twii>    ojiger  iiian  the 
alyx,  splitting  into  3  2-toothed  valves:  boeds  smooth.    High  hills,  south- 
east (3regon  to  Nevada. 

+■  -t-    h'epals  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate  acuminate,  shorter  than  the 
petals. 

A.  congesta  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  178.  Pmooth,  glaucous,  4-12  inches  high: 
leaves  very  narrowly  subulate,  scabrous  on  the  margin,  often  pungent,  the 
lower  1-3  inches  long ;  cauline  6-12  lines  long :  flowers  in  1-3  dense  subum- 

eilate  fascicles,  with  large  dilated  meml)ranaceous  bracts :  sepals  ovate- 
bblong,  strongly  concave  with  scarious  margins,  1-3  lines  long,  acute :  pet- 
kls  narrowly  oblong,  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx :  capsule  equalling 
Ihe  calyx.    In  the  mountains  from  Washington  to  California,  Nevada  and 

Dolorado. 

•»--.-•«-    Sepals  lanceolate  to  lance-linear  attenuate,  equalling  or 
exceeding  the  petalr. 

■M-    Flc  were  cymose,  not  densely  aggregated. 

Ai  Bnrkei.  A.  F<  ndleri  var.  subcongesta  Watson  Bot.  King  40,  Stems 
Jeveral  from  a  mor  j  or  less  ligneous  caudex,  smooth  or  glandular,  4-6 
nches high,  many-leaved  at  base:  leaves  setaceous,  somewhat  flattened, 
kiabrous :  flowers  more  or  less  clustered  upon  short  pedicels  or  the  lateral 
[nes  sessile :  bracts  broad  and  scarious :  petals  but  little  exceeding  the  ovate 
jicuininate  scarious  sepals.    On  bleak  hilltops,  eastern  Oregon  and  Nevada 

(Brit.  Columbia  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

A.  Fendleri  Gray  PI.  Fendl.  13.  Stems  simple,  6-15  inches  high  gla- 
brons  below,  more  or  less  glandular-pubescent  above,  imbricately  many- 
eaved  at  base,  leaves  long,  erect  setaceous  somewhat  flattened  scarious-ser- 
ulate  glabrous:  cymi  %  strict,  few-flowered:  pedicels  slender:  sepals 
klandular  pubescent,  ovate- lanceolate,  cuspidate-acuminate,  green  with  a 
pi'oad  scai'ious  margin,  nearly  equalling  the  white  obovate  petals:  capsule 
Ifbout  equalling  the  calyx.     New  Mexico,  etc. ,  to  eastern  Oregon. 

■><■   **    Flowers  densely  fascicled  at  the  end  ef  the  stem. 

A.  Franklinii  Dougl.  in  Hook.  Fl.  i,  101  t.  35.  A  span  or  less  in  height : 
branches  erect,  fastigiate,  numerous  fragile:  leaves  smooth  subulate-setaceous, 
perjr  pungent)  an  inob  loug:  flowers  fascieledt  sepals  subulate  scarious, 


..r,.. 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


•UUb 

U    11.6 


6" 


I 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRliT 

WIBSTIR.N.Y.  MSSO 

(716)172-4503 


86 


CARYOPHYLLACE^. 


ARBNARIA. 


broadly  1-nerved.  about  eqiialling  the  oblong  obtuse  petals:  flowers  on  slioiil 
pedicels  in  dense  fascicles,  crowded  with  bracts  similar  to  the  leaves.  ()n| 
sandy  banks  along  the  Columbia  river. 

§  5.  Alsine  Wahl.  (as  genus,  not  Linn.^.  Capsule  ovoid,  8- 
valved ;  valves  entire ;  seeds  not  strophiolatc :  matted  perennials 
or  delicate  annuals,  usually  with  narrow  linear  subulate  or  iicc- 
rose  leaves. 

*  Palustrine  perennial  with  weak  elongated  stems,  narrow  linear 
or  lance-linear  leaves  and  axillary  long-peduncled  flowers. 

A.  palndlcola  Eobinson  1.  c.  298.  Glabrous,  flaccid :  stems  several,! 
subsimple,  procumbent,  rooting  at  the  lower  joint,  sulcate,  shining,  It'afyl 
throughout:  leaves  uniform,  flat,  1-nerved,  acute,  spreading,  %r\%  inchegl 
long,  1-3  lines  in  breadth,  often  punctate,  somewhat  connate,  eliglithl 
scabrous  upon  the  margins :  peduncles  solitary  in  the  axils,  1-2  inthe!J 
long,  spreading  or  somewhat  deflcxed :  sepals  nerveless  not  at  all  indurf 
ated,  acutish,  about  half  the  length  of  the  obovate  petals.  In  swa]Tip«| 
along  the  Coast,  San  Francisco  to  Seattle,  Washington. 

*  *    Terrestrial  annuals :  sepals  neither  indurated  nor  very  strongly 
nerved. 

=  Seeds  much  flattened,  and  margined. 
A.  Donglasll  T.  &.  G.  Fl.  i,  074.  Sparingly  pubescent  with  spreading! 
hfdrs  or  glabrous,  slender,  much  branched,  3-10  inches  high:  leaves  filiform, [ 
half  to  an  in<!h  or  more  long:  flowers  rather  large  on  long  filiform  pedicels! 
sepals  oblong-ovate  obtusish  or  acute,  obscurely  3-nerved,  \\  lines  long:  petl 
aih  obovate,  2-2i  lines  long:  capsule  globose,  equalling  the  calyx:  sceJsl 
large,  flat,  smooth,  acutely  margined.  Dry  hillsides,  bouthwestern  OregoDJ 
and  California. 

•*-   •«-     8e\{ds  not  flattened  nor  winged. 

A*  Howellli  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xx,  35:t.  Glandular  hispid  ))ut| 
the  internodes  usually  glabrous:  widely  branching,  6-12  inches  high:  leavesl 
thick,  narrowlj'  lanceolat<3  or  linear,  with  base  6-9  lines  long,  blunt>  spreadT 
ing:  flowers  small  on  slender  pedicels:  sepals  a  line  lonjg,  nerveless:  petals! 
twice  longer,  narrowly  oblong:  capsule  ovate,  a  little  exL-eeding  the  sepals! 
seeds  bhusk,  turgid,  with  several  rows  of  minute  tubercles  along  tliel 
rounded  margins.  On  diy  foothills,  eastern  base  of  the  Coast  Mountains  in] 
Josephine  county,  Oregon. 

A.  Callfornica  Brewer  in  Bol.  Cat.  6,  Brew.  &  Wats.  Bot.  Cal.  i,  «W,| 
Glabrous,  very  slender,  2-6  inches  high:  leaves  lanceolate,  1 -2  lines  long,! 
obtusish:  flowers  small  on  slender  pedicels:  sepals  oblong-ovate,  acute,  D-l 
nerved,  l'-2  lines  long;  x'^tals  spatulate,  2-3  lines  long:  capsule  obloiii;:! 
seeds  small,  sharply  mmiculate.  Moist  places,  southwestern  Oregon  aii(l| 
California. 

A.  pnsllla  Watson  1.  c.  xvii,  367.  Very  slender,  an  inch  or  two  higlil 
glabrous:  leaves  lanceolate,  thick  and  bluntish,  a  Ihie  or  two  long:  sejiall 
lanceolate,  acute*  obscurely  1-nerved:  petals  very  small  or  wanting:  (!ai)siilel 
o')long-ovate,  not  exceeding  the  sepals:  seeds  turgid  and  smooth.  Ntml 
The  Dalles,  eastern  Oregon  and  Washington,  in  dry  prairies:  also  on  tliel 
plains  about  Yreka,  northern  California. 

*  *    Annuals  or  loosely  matted  perennials:  sepals  lanceolate, 'acumi- 
nate or  attenuate,  strongly  3-5  nerved . 

A.  tenella  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  179.  Slender,  2-4  inches  high,  smootlij 
leaves  filiform-subulate,  acute:  pedtincles  minutely  glandular:  sepals  ovatel 
lanceolate,  acute,  3-nerved  \y^  lines  long:  petals  oblong,  2-2^  hues  long] 


ARBNABIA. 
AL8INBLI.A. 


CARYOPHYLLACE^E. 


m 


Lpsnle  but  little  longer  than  tlie  sepals:  seeds  turgid  minutely  rugose  tulier- 
lilate.    Cn  rocks,  Coluipbia  river  below  the  Cascades. 

JA.  strlcta  Mich X.  Fl.  i,  274.  Diffusely  cespitose,  glabrous,  branching 
lorn  the  base:  stemH  3-16in(!hes  liigli :  leaves  subulate-setaceous.  1-3-nei-ved, 
kiiy,  fascicled  in  the  axils:  petals  oblong-obovate  twice  the  length  of  the 
Igld,  orate,  very  acute  3-ril)bed  sepals:  capsule  about  as  long  as  the  calyx. 
In  rocks  and  sandy  ridges,  Columbia  river  below  the  Cascades:  also  on  the 
Itlautio  coast. 

*  *  *    Closely  tufted  perennials:  sepals  acuminate  but  not  strongly 
nerved,  except  in  A.  propinqna. 

I  A.  propinqna  Richardson  in  Franklin  Journ,  738,  A  verna  rar.  hirta 
Wation  Bot.  King  41-  Closely  tufted :  stems,  peduncles  and  calyx  finely 
jiandular- pubescent:  leaves  nearly  or  quite  smooth:  stems  tufted,  numer- 
lus,  slender,  ascending  or  erect,  1-5  Indies  high,  1 -several-flowered;  leaves 
Inear-subulate,  flat,  obtuse,  3-nerved,  usually  erect,  not  Kcjuariose:  pedun- 
les  filiform:  sepals  ovatc-oblong,  acutish  to  acuminate,  1^3-3  lines  long  ex- 
Beding  the  obovate  or  oblanceolate  petals:  capsule  surpassing  the  sepals, 
fiitbe  highest  mountains,  Oregon  to  Alaska  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

I  A.  Nnttallli  Pax  in  Engler,  Jahresb,  xviii,  30.  A.  pungens  Ntttt  in  T.  & 
,FLi,  179  (not  of  Clem.).  Pubescent  throughout :  extensively  cespitose 
cms  numerous  2-4  inches  Ugh.  leaves  linear-subulate,  half  to  two  inches 
kng,  pungent,  crowded:  flowers  in  an  open  cyme,  leafy  bracted:  sepals  lan- 
Eolate,  acuminate,  pungent  1-3  lines  long  3-nerved:  petals  about  equalling 
ne calyx:  the  capsule  shorter:  seeds  very  few,  smooth.  In  moimtainous  dis- 
ficts,  California  and  Nevada  to  Oregon  and  Colorado . 

»  «  »  »    Densely  cespitose  perennials  with    acicular    or    subulate 
leaves  and  oblong  or  linear-oblonp',  very  obtuse  sepals.  ••  ',^     i  ' 

•»-     Petals  oblong  or  narrowly  obovate. 

I  A.  Sajanensis  Willd.  in  Schlecht.  Berl.  Mag.  Natf.  (1816)  200.  Gla- 
Jrous,  or  the  inflorescence  glandular:  ttems  simple,  usually  1-flowered: 
faves  linear  subulate,  obtuse  thickish,  3-uerved:  petals  obtuse,  about  half 
pDgcr  than  the  oblong  sepals.  Alpine,  Mounts  Hood,  and  Adams  to  the 
focky  Mountains  and  Alaska. 

■*-   ■*-     Petals  broadly  obovate,  much  exceeding  the  calyx, 

jA.  arctlca  Stev.  in  D.  C.  Prodr#i.  404.  8tems  1-3  inches  high,  often 
parcely  exceeding  the  leaves:  leaves  linear-subulatej  obtuse  fleshy,  minutely 
pliate;  peduncles  glandular-pulxjscent  1-rarely  3  or  3  flowered;  petals  about 
nice  longer  than  the  very  obtuse  1 -nerved  g^'n^'l'''  Arctic  Coast,  perhaps 
I  our  nortbern  border.  <  u.. 

3    ALSINELLA  Dill. 

SAG  IN  A  L.  (Jen.  v.  176. 

Low  herbs  with  subulate  or  filiform  leaves  without  stipules, 
Ind  small  terminal  usually  long-peduncled  flowers.  Sepals  4-5, 
fotals  as  many  as  sepals,  entire  or  slightly  emarginate,  often 
uinute  or  wanting.  Stamens  as  many  as  petals,  rarely  twice  as 
|ifiny  or'fewer.     Ovary  1-celled,  niany-oyuled.     Styles   as  many 

sepals  and  alterna,te  with  them.  Capsule  deliiscent  to  the 
liiso  by  as  many  entire  valves  as  sepal<<  and  tilternate  with  them. 

I  A.  occidentalls  Greene  Fl.  Franci^.  125.  Sagina  occiilentalis  Watson . 
Juniial:  glabrous  or  nearly  bo:  diffusely  branched  from  the  base :  stems  very 
|emler,  1-fi  incites  long,  deciimlnsnt  at  base  or  ascending:  well  developed. 


V. 


;    ( 


W'- 


88 


OARYOPHYLLACEiE. 


ALH1NKLL.A. 
BPEROUIiA. 


several-flowered:  the  loweHt  flowers  distinctly  axillary:  leaves  not  fascicledj 
3-6  lines  long,  pungent  flowers  S-merous  on  long  pfidicels  that  are  erect  iaj 
fruit:  sepals  a  line  long:  petals  nearly  as  long:  stamens  10:  capsule  exi 
ceediiig  the  calyx.    Moist  places  and  along  the  (>oast,  Califomia  to  Alaska,! 

A.  saglnoldes  Greene  1.  c.  Sagina  Linnmi  Pretl.  Biennial  or  perennial! 
glabrous,  densely  matted  and  decumbent,  1-3  inches  long,  rooting  andl 
often  forming  lateral  rosettes:  leeves  somewhat  fascicled,  3-7  lines  longi 
pungent:  flowere  on  long  pedicels,  ai  length  nodding :  sepals  a  line  longj 
obtuse,  exceeding  the  petals:  stamHns  10:  capsule  at  length  nearly  twic«l 
longer  than  the  calyx.  In  wet  places  on  high  mountains,  Arctic  Americi| 
to  California. 

A.  crasslcanlis  Greene  1.  c.  Sagina  crassicaulia  Watson.  Smooth  perl 
ennial  stems  several  to  many,  branching  1-5  inches  long :  leaves  linear,  puoT 
gent  thickish,  2-7  lines  long  or  more,  the  basal  forming  a  rosette  wliichl 
may  pemisl  or  not;  the  cauline  connate  by  broad  scarious  nv^mbranes :  pediT 
eels  numerous,  straight :  flowers  5-parted,  petals  and  sepals  subequal  1^1 
lines  long :  capsule  K~^  longer.  Near  the  sea,  mouth  of  Uie  Columbia  i-iTet| 
to  Monterey,  Cal. 

9    SPERGULA  L.  Gen.  n.  586. 

Dichotomously  or  fasciculately  branched  annuals  with  sulml 
late  fascicled  or  apparently  whorled  leaves  with  small  scariousl 
stipules  and  small  white  flowers  on  slender  pedicels  in  dichoto-l 
mous  cymes.  Sepals  5,  entire.  Stamens  10,  rarely  5.  Ovary  l[ 
celled,  many-ovuled ;  styles  5,  alternate  with  the  sepals.  Cap-I 
sule  5-VJRlved,  the  entire  valves  opposite  to  the  sepals.  Seeds! 
laterally  compressed,  acutely  margined  or  winged :  embryo  spiral! 

S.  ABVKNSis  L.  Sp.  440.  Smooth:  stems  several,  a  foot  or  two  high;! 
leaves  filiform,  numerous  in  apparent  whorls,  1-2  inches  long;  stipuleij 
small :  pedicels  at  length  reflexed:  sepals  oblong  to  ovate  2  or  3  lines  long! 
equalling  the  petals,  a  little  shorter  than  the  broadly  ovoid  capsnie :  seeiil 
rough,  acutely  margined.  Sandy  fields,  especially  near  the  Cosgt,  Wash-f 
ington  to  California;  naturalized  from  Europe, 

10    TISSA  Adanson  Fam.  des  PI.  ii,  507. 

Low,  more  or  less  succulent  herbs,  usually  depressed,  with  sel 
taceous  or  linear  fascicled  leaves  with  scarious  stipules  and  smalll 
white  or  pink  flowers  in  subracem^^  "^  cymes.  Sepals  5.  Petalsl 
6,  rarely  few  or  wanting.  Stamens  raonly  10.  Styles  3,  veryl 
rarely  5.  Ovary  1-celled.  Capsule  .a  as  many  valves  as  sty lesj 
when  5,  alternate  with  the  sepiia.     Seeds  often  margined. 

•    Perennials  with  fusiform  fleshy  roots. 

T.  macrothecmn  Brit.  Bull.  Torr.  Club  xvi,  129.  Lepigonum  macrotk\ 
cum  F.  de  M  Perennial,  rather  stout,  4-12  inches  high :  decumbent  all 
base,  sparingly  pubescent,  at  least  above :  leaves  linear,  fleshy,  1-2  inclieal 
long;  with  large  ovate  stipules :  flowers  large,  subracemose ;  pedicel*  4-121 
lines  long  becoming  reflexed :  sepals  ovate-lanceolate,  3-5  nerved,  mhi-e  or  lesil 
tocentose,  3  lines  long  or  more,  equalling  or  exceeding  the  petals:  capsniel 
ovoid,  about  equalling  the  calyx.  In  salt  marshes,  Washington  to  Soutbeni| 
California. 

*  •    Annuals:  flowei's  axillary. 

T.  saliua  Brltton  1.  c.  123.  Lepigonum  marinum  Wahl.  tpergnla  «a-l 
Una  PrttU     More  or  less  pubMMnt  mr  eiten  nearly  glabroui}  mucbl 


TIBS  A. 
I'BNTAC^NA. 


ILLECEBRACEiE. 


Ilbranched,  8-9  inches  high;  leaves  linear,  fleshy,  )^-l  inch  long  or  more:  sti- 
Ipnles  short:  pedicels  1-9  lines  long,  rcf.exed:  calyx  1-2  lines  long:  capsule  a 
little  longer  than  the  calyx.  Along  the  Coast,  Puget  Sound  to  California, 
land  the  Atlantic  Coast. 

*  *  *    Pro(;ambent  or  decumbent  winter  annuals,  scarcely  at    all 
fleshy:  flovrers  small  or  of  medium  size;  stipules  conspicuous. 

T.  rabra  Britton  1.  c.  127.  Spurqularia  rubra  Presl.  Stems  spread 
ling:  wiiy,  J-10  inches  long,  smoothish  below,  fine  glandular-pubescent 
lalwTe;  leaves  flat  above,  narrowly  linear,  cuspidatn  ^9  lines  long  \-\ 
■line  broad:  stipules  white,  attenuate  2-8  lines  long:  inflorescence  racemi- 
Ifonn:  pedicels  filiform,  exceeding  the  bracts  and  about  twice  as  long  as  the 
|obloDg-lanoeolate  scaiious-margined  acutish  glandular-pubescent  sepals: 
■flowers  magenta,  1^  lines  in  diameter,  petals  scarcely  equalling  the  calyx: 
IcapBule  equalling  the  calyx:  needs  minutely  crested  but  not  win^sd.  Bcmd- 
Isides  and  sandy  places,  Washington  to  California  and  the  Atlantic  States 
I  (Europe). 

*  *  *  *    Slender  spreading  or  erect  annuals  foircely  flesby;  stipules 
Bhoi't,  deltoid. 

T.  diandra  Britton  1.  c.  128.  Spergularia  diandria  Boiss.  "Viscid  pa- 
Ibescent  to  nearly  glabrous;  leaves  uot  fascicled,  linear-filiform:  pedicels 
I  slender,  about  two  lines  long,  spreading  or  deflexed:  sepals  in  fruit  1^  lines 
I  long  but  little  exceeding  the  capsule:  stamens  usually  only  2  or  8.  Sandy 
(places  from  the  Columbia  valley  to  Texas. 

Order  XII.  ILLECEBRACEiE  Lindl.  Nat.  Syst.  ed.  2, 127. 

Herbaceous  or  rarely  suffrutescent  branching  plants  with  oj)- 
Iposite  or  fascicled  entire  mostly  sessile  leaves  and  scarious  sti- 
Ipules,  closely  related  to  Amarantacese.  Sepals  5,  persistent: 
Ipetals  reduced  to  mere  filaments  alt«rnate  with  the  sepals  or 
■wanting.  Stamens  as  man^  as  the  sepals  and  opposite  them, 
Ifixed  bv  the  middle  introse.  Ovary  1-celled  by  the  oblitera- 
Ition  of  the  dissepiments.  Style  2-cleft.  Fruit  an  utricle  with  ' 
la  solitary  or  geminate  ovule  borne  on  slender  funiculi  rising 
Ifrom  the  base  of  the  cell.  Seeds  campylotropous.  Embryo 
|more  or  less  curved  around  the  outside  of  mealy  albumen. 

1     PENTACiENA  Bartling. 

Low  densely  tufted  perennial,  with  the  subulate  leaves  densely 
Icrowded  on  the  branches,  dry  and  silvery  stipules  and  axillary 
Iclusters  of  sessile  flowers.  Sepal-*  5,  nearly  distinct,  hooded, 
I  unequal,  terminating  in  a  short  divergent  spine,  the  inner 
Imore  shortly  awned.  Petals  minute,  scale-like.  Stamens  3-5, 
linserted  at  the  base  of  the  sepals :  style  very  short,  bifid.  Utricle 
jincluded  in  the  rigid  connivent  calyx. 

P.   ramoslssima  Hook.  &  Am.  Bot.  Misc.  iii,  338.    Prostrate  and  mat- 

Ited,  2-18  inches  long,  somewhat  woolly :  leaves  3-5  lines  long,  pungently 

awned,  at  length  recurved :  stipules  lanceolate,  acuminate,  shorter  than 

the  leaves,  1-nerved:  calyx  tube  a  line  long,  the  divenrent  outer  lobes 

pearly  twice  longer:  stamens  usually  5:  stiemaa  subsenilei  utriale  apiflu* 

I  ate.    On  th«  Nssheire;  Oregon  to  settth«rn  Caliiorniai 


'^ 


V 


90 


PORTULACACE.E. 


PORTULACA. 


Order  XIII.     PORTULACACEiE  Reichb.  Consp.  161. 

More  or  less  succulent  herbs  with  simple  entire  leaves  diid 
regular  perfect  tiowers.  Sepals  only  2  (sometimes  more  in 
Lewisia).  Petals  5  and  definite  or  inclefinite,  imbricated  in  as- 
tivation.  Stainens  opposite  the  petals  when  of  the  same  num- 
ber or  fewer;  filaments  all  fertile,  distinct;  anthers  fixed  by 
the  middle,  versatile  or  introse.  Ovary  1-celled  by  the  obliter- 
ation of  the  dissepiments,  with  few  or  many  campylotropous  or 
amphitropous  ovules  on  a  free  central  placenta,  in  fruit  be- 
coming a  capsule  with  transverse  or  loculicidal  dehiscence. 
Embryo  curved  or  coiled  on  the  outside  of  mealy  albumen. 
Flowers  axillary  or  terminal .  mostly  ephemeral.    . 

*  Capsule  dehiscing  transversely  near  the  middle :  sepals  united  to 
near  the  middle,  and  in  ours  adnate  to  the  ovary,  the  upper  portion  at 
length  deciduous< 

1.    Portnlaca.    Petals  4-6  periginous :  stamens  9-20. 

*  *  Capsule  dehiscing  transversely  at  the  very  base  :  sepals  per- 
sistent. 

t»    Lewisia.    Sepals  6-8 ;  marcescent-persistent :  petals  10-16 :  scapes  1- 

flowered,  jointed  and  bracteolate  near  the  middle. 
8.    Oreobroma.    Sepals  2 :  petals  3-10,  usually  7 ;  stems  sce'>e-like  with  a 

pair  of  (at  least  when  young)  opposite  bracts  below  the  inflorescence, 

1-many-flowered . 

*  *  *    Capsule    loculicidally    3-valved:  sepals    2,    ovary  several- 
•  ovuled:  petals  3-several. 

4.    Calandrinla.    »<epals  2,  persistent :  petals  3-7 :  stamens  3-10,  seldom 
of  the  same  number  as  the  petals. 

Talinnm.    Sepals  2,  deciduous:  petals  5. 

*  *  *  *    Capsule  loculicidally  3-valved :  sepals  2,  persistent :  petals  5. 

Glavtonia.    Capsule  several  seeded :  stamens  10,  inserted  on  the  claw 
of  tne  free  and  equal  petals. 

Montla.    Petals  5,  more  or  less  distinctly  united  at  the  base,  un- 
equal :  stamens  mostly  3,  inserted  on  the  claws  of  the  3  smaller  petals. 
»  »  t  *  »    Capsule  2-  valved :  sepals  2,  broad,  more  or  less  scarious, 
persistent. 
8.    Spragnea.    Sepals  emarginate  at  base  and  apex:  petals  4:  stameriR  8, 
exserted,  opposite  the  3  larger  petals. 

Calyptridinm.    Sepals  mostly  unequal,  petals  2-4;  stamens  1,  2  or  ?,, 
shorter  than  the  petals  and  alternate  with  them. 

S   1 


5. 

tt. 
7. 


9. 


1 


Capsule  circumscissile. 
PORTULACA  Tourn.  Inst.  236. 


Low  succulent  diffuse  or  iiscending  herbs  with  alternate  or  op- 
posite leaves  scarious  or  setaceous  stipules  and  axillary  or  ter- 
minal ephermal  yellow  or  rose-color  flowers  in  summer.  Sepals 
2,  coherent  at  base  into  a  tube  and  adnate  to  the  base  of  the 
ovary,  the  free  upper  portion  at  length  deciduous.  Petals  4-6. 
Staaiens  4-20,  perigynous  with  the  petals.  Style  1 ,  deeply  3-8- 
cleft.     Capsule  circumscissile  near  the  middle,  many>6«ddedi 


iiKKOBKUMA. 


PORTULACACEiE. 


M. 


V.  oleracea  L.  Sp.  445.  GIal)rons  and  usually  purplisli :  stems  pros- 
trati',  2-20  inchis  long:  leaves  flat,  fleshy,  obovate  to  spatulate,  rounded  at 
the  summit:  ntipiiles  minute:  sepals  acute,  carinate ^  petals  yellow,  1-2 
hint's  long ;  stigmas  5 :  capsule  3-6  lines  long:  seeds  dull,  black,  finely  tu- 
bterciilate:  floweifi  sessile,  axillary.  Cultivated  grounds  and  waste  places 
Ithroiighout  Nprtb  America,  Europe,  etc. 

2    LEWISIA  Pursh.  Fl.  368. 

Low  acaulescent  succulent  perennials  with  thick  flesliy  roots, 
pliort  1 -flowered  scapes  that  are  joined  and  bracteolate  near  the 
Iniiddle,  and  large  usually  pink  flowers.  Sepals  i\-H  distinct,  mar- 
Icoscent-persistent.  Petals  8-1 H,  large  and  showy.  Stamens  nu- 
Imerous.  Style  5-8  jiarted  nearly  to  the  base.  Capsule  circuni- 
Ipcissile  at  the  very  base  then  bursting  irregularly,  many-seeded. 
JSeeds  black  and  shining.     Cotyledons  accumbent. 

L.  redlviva  Pursh.  1.  c.  Leaves  densely  clustered  at  the  crown  of  the 
Ithit'k  caudex,  linear-oblong,  subterete  1-2  inches  long,  smooth  and  glau- 
Icouh:  scapes  but  little  longer  than  the  leaves,  sepals  broadly  ovate,  un- 
lequal,  partly  scarious  (W)  lines  long,  petals  narrowly  oblong  9-16  lines 
Ijong,  pmk  or  rcse-color  to  white :  capsule  broadly  ovate,  3  lines  long.  On 
lop  of  the  highest  hills  and  mountains  east  of  the  Cascade  Mountains 
rroin  California  to  E^ritish  Columbia  and  the  Rocky  Mountains.  < 

3    OREOBROMA  Howell  Eryth.   i,  31. 

Low  acaulescent  perennials  wiLh  fleshy  roots  with  or  without  a 
liuulticipital  caudex  bearing  tufted  leaves  and  scapose  stems 
pvhich  are  jointed  at  the  base  and  2-bracteolat.e  below  the  inflor- 
loscence.  Sepals  2,  rarely  apparently  4,  persistent.  Petals  3-10 
lor  more.  Stamens  5-20  or  more  usually  not  of  the  same  num- 
Iber  as  the  petals.  Style  deeply  2-7-cleft.  Capsule  membran- 
laceous,  circumscissile  at  the  base,  thence  splitting  upwards  irreg- 
|ularly,  many  seeded.     Cotyledons  incumbent. 

*  Root  branching,  the  caudex  at  the  surface  of  the  ground :  nerves 
of  bracts  and  sepals  excurrent  and  gland -tipped :  stems  terminating 
in  open  paniculate  many-flowered  bractod  racemes. 

0.  Leana  Howell  1.  c.  Calandrinia  Leana  Porter  Bot.  Gaz.  i,  .iS. 
Leives  numerous,  terete  or  some  of  the  other  ones  subspatulate,  acute,  1- 
|2  inches  long,  smooth  and  glaucous :  scapose  stems,  3-6  inches  high ;  sepals 
jrounded  a  line  long  by  \%  lines  broad :  petals  6-8,  obovate,  bare  retuse  or 
lentire  3  lines  long,  red  to  white  with  darker  veins.  In  beds  of  talc  on  high 
'  exposed  ridges  of  the  Hiskiyou  Mountains. 

0.  Columbiana  Howell  1.  c.  32.  'Calandrinia  Columbiana  Howell  Gray 
iProc.  Am.  Acad,  xxii,  277.  Leaves  numerous,  linear-spatulate  flat  1)^-3 
I  inches  long,  not  glaucous :  scapose  stems  5-12  inches  high :  sepals  rounded 
lor  truncate,  a  line  long  1)^-2  lines  broad:  petals  4-7,  oblong,  more  or 
jless  truncate,  deeply  emarginate  to  entire,  rarely  several-toothed  at 
japex,  5-6  lines  long,  white  or  pink  with  ("nrk  red  veins.  On  bare  exposed 
Ibasaltic  rock  along  the  Columbia  river  below  the  Cascades.  Cascade 
1  Mountains  lat.  49,  Lyall. 

0.  Cotjledon  Howell  1.  c.  32.   Calandrinia  Cotyledon  Watson  Proc.  Am. 

\Acad.  XX,  355.    I^eaves  flat,  spatulate  or  oblanceolate  1-2  inches  long  by  6- 

112 lines  broad,  imbricated  in  a  dense  rosulate  tuft:  sten;?  rather  stout,  6- 

112  inches  high,  sometimes  with  2  pairs  of  bracts  below  the  short  cymose 

panicle:  sepals  1^2-2  lines  long  ovate  or  orbicular;  petals  5-10,  6-8  lines 


\&. 


92 


PORTULACACEiE. 


ORRORROMA. 


long  oblanceolste,  deep  rose-color  with  orange  stripe  in  the  centre :  Htain- 1 
ens  about  7,  filaments  dilated  below,  coherent  in  a  tube  around  the  2-4- 1 
parted    style    capsule    obscurely    2-4  valved,   12-20  ovuled.     On  IiIkIi 
exposed  peaks  of  6yenitic  rock  near  Preston's  peak,  Hiskiyou  Mountains. 

0.  HowellU  Howelll.  c.  Calandrinia  Howellii  Watson  1. 1.  xxiii,  L'r,2.\ 
Leaves  flat,  oblong  to  ovate,  attenuate  to  a  margined  ])etiole,  5-7  lines 
wide,  with  narrow  hyaline  crisped  margins :  stems  4-6  inches  hieh  with 
one  or  two  pairs  of  bracts  below  the  short  racemose  cymes:  ^pals  l)a-2 
lines  long,  orbicular  to  broadly  ovate :  petals  7-10,  oblong-oblanceolate, 
emarginate  or  entire,  6-8  lines  long,  deep  rose-color,  stamens  7.  On  high  | 
exposed  ridges,  Josephine  county,  southwestern  Oregon. 

*  *  Long  thick  root  branching  below :  the  2-3-divided  caudex  not 
reaching  the  surface  of  the  grouna:  nerves  of  the  calyx  excurrent,  but 
not  gland-tipped:  stems  terminating  in  a  few-flowered  umbel. 

0*    opposIttfoUa  Howell  I.e.  Calandrinia  oppofitifolia  Watson.    Radical! 
leaves  finear-oblanceolate.  attenuate  to  the   scarious-margined  subterra- 
nean base  i}4-S  inches  long:  the  lower  cauline  1-3  pairs,  opposite  and  I 
siw.'iar  with  occasionally  scattered  entire  bracts  above:  stems  o-lO  inches | 
high   bearing  a  terminal    1-6  flowered  umbel:  flowers   white    or  pt 

I»ink  on  elongated  pedicels   1-3  inches  long :  sepals  orbicular,  2-3  lines  I 
ong:  petals  10,6-10  lines  Irng:  stamens  8-12  or  more :  stvle  deeply  3- 
cleft :  capsule  oblong,  3  lines  long,  5-10-seeded.    On  wet  hillsides  about 
Waldo,  Josephine  county,  Oregon,  flowering  in  April  and  May. 

0.    Tweedy!  Howell  I.  c.   Calandrinia  Tweedyi  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 
xxii,  277.    Caudex  and  root  very  thick :  leaves  obovate  fleshy  2-4  inclies  I 
long,  an  inch  or  two  wide,  scapes  a  little  longer  than  the  leaves  1-3  flow- 
ered: sepals  and  bracts  entire,  the  former  orbicular:  petals  an  inch  long: 
stamens  10-11 :  capsule  20-30-seeded :  seeds  with  a  large  and  loose  orbicu- 1 
lar  arillus.    Wenatchee  Mountains,  Washington,  alpine. 

•  *  •  Root  fusiform  or  conical ;  wholly  underground :  scapes  1-3- 
flowered,  not  surpassing  the  radical  leaves. 

0.  pygmva  Howell  I.  c.  33.  Talinum  pygmteum  Oray  Sillim.  Jonrn. 
xxxiii,  407.  Leaves  narrowly  lanceolate  or  linear  1-2  inches  long,  with  I 
broad  scarious  mai^ined  underground  petioles:  bracts  scarious  glandular- 
ciliate:  sepals  orbicular,  glandular-dentate  2  lines  long:  petals  redl 
about  twice  the  length  of  the  sepals :  capsule  obtuse,  nearly  equalling  the  I 
calyx,  16-20-seeded.  On  Mount  Adams,  Washington  to  the  Rocky  Mount- [ 
atins,  Nevada  and  Calif ornm. 

0.  Nevadensls  Howell  J.  c.  Calandrinia  Nevadensis  Oray  Leaves) 
linear  2-4  inches  long  by  a  lino  or  two  wide,  the  underground  portion  di-F 
lated,  scapes  1-3  inches  high  with  a  nair  of  foliaceous  linear  bracts  near! 
the  middle  1-3  flowered:  sepals  ovoia,  more  or  less  apiculate  entire,  3-41 
lines  long:  petals  3-10,  white,  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals:  capsule  ellip- 1 
tical,  a  little  longer  than  the  calvx:  ovules  3-50.  Wet  alpine  meadows 
and  rivulets,  Washington  to  California  and  Nevada. 


*  *  *  *    Root  glandular,  comparatively  deep-seated :  radical 
few  or  none :  scape-like  stems  with  a  pair  (or  sometimes  3  or 


whorl)  of 
flowered. 


opposite  fleshy  linear  leaves    near    the  middle ; 


leaves 

4  in  a 

several- 


0.  tiiphylla  Howell  I.  c.  Claytonia  triphylla  Watson  l.  c.  x,  345.1 
Stems  1-3  inches  high:  radical  leaves,  Mhen  present,  narrowly  lanceolate  I 
to  linear  6-12  lines  long ;  cauline  1-4  in  a  whorl  naffowly  lanceolate  at- 1 
tennate  below :  1-2  inches  long,  inflorescence  a  sevei-aUflowered  bracteatel 
umbel :  bracts  minute :  petals  oblong,  2  lines  long  exceeding  the  rounded! 
sepal*.    In  wet  placet  on  high  mountaiug,  Califo»&i»  to  Bipil.-  Colnmbia. 


CAIAWDBINIA. 
TALINDM. 


PORTULACACEiE. 


§  S.  Capsule  3-valved,  S-several-seeded.  Sepals  S,  green  herb- 
\aceQUS,  becoming  more  or  less  colored.  . 

4    CALANDRINIA  HBK.  Nov.  Gen.  vi,  77  in  part. 

Succulent  herbs  with  alternate  leaves  and  ephemeral  flowers  in 
Ibracted  racemes.     Sepals  2,  subequal,  persistent.      Petals  3-7. 
Stamens  3-10,  seldom  of  the  same  number  as  the  petals,  appar- 
ently always  hypogynous.     Capsule  3-valved  from  the  summit, 
persistent,  several-seeded.      Seeds  black,  minutely  tuberculate. 
lOui  species  annuals. 

C.  canlescens  HBK.  1.  c.  Glabrous  or  slightly  pubfescent ;  stems  dif- 
I  fusely  branching  from  the  base,  decumbent,  3^  inches  long :  leaves  lin- 
lear  to  lanceolate,  1-3  inches  lone,  the  lower  slender  petiofed:  racemes 
Isiiuple:  peduncles  erect  or  ascending:  buds  4-angled:  sepals  ovate  acute, 
Istrongly  carinate,  the  keelciliate:  petals  broadly  obovate,  2-6  lines  long: 
jeapsule  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate,  the  valves  becoming  somewhat  in- 
Idnrated,  about  equalling  the  sepals.  Roadsides  and  moist  places,  Brit* 
IColumbia  to  South  America. 

I  C.  mlcrantha  Schl.  Linneea  xiii.  Lit.  Ber.  97.  Diffusely  branched 
I  from  the  base ;  stems  slender,  decumbent  or  ascending,  2^  mcheslong: 
lleaves  linear,  ciliate  on  the  margins  and  midrib :  racemes  simple :  pedicels 
I  ascending :  sepals  broadly  lanceolate,  acuminate,  l>^-2  lines  long ;  petals 
l3-7,  about  a  line  long:  capsule  ovate,  acute,  equalling  the  sepals.  Moist 
I  sandy  places  along  the  Columbia  river. 

5  TALINUM  Adanson  Fam.  des  PI.  ii,  145. 

Low  glabrous  herbs,  rarely  suffrutescent  at  base  with  mostly 
|linear  leaves  without  stipules  and  usually  white  or  red  flowers  in 
mniculate  racemes.  Sepals  2,  deciduous.  Petals  5,  sessile,  hyp- 
ogynous, stamens  10-80,  adherent  to  the  base  of  the  petals. 
5tyle  trifidi  Capsule  globose,  3-valved  from  the  top,  many- 
beeded.     Seeds  smooth. 

T.  spinescens  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  xvii,  250.  Caudex  short,  succulent, 
|l)eaet  with  small  subulate  spines  which  are  the  indurated  and  persistent, 
nidribs  of  former  leaves:  leaves  terete,  6  lines  long:  scapiform,  pedun<;1es 
blender,  surpassing  the  leaves :  flowers  in  terminal  paniculate  n  h  ed 
pymes:  petals' rose-red:  stamens  20-30.  Wei<aVch«fi  Mountains,  "W:. '3 !.- 
[ngton. 

6  CLAYTONIA  L.  in  Gronov.  Fl.  Virg.  25, 

Low  glabrous  acaulescent  succulent  perennial  herbs  with  sca- 
j)ose  stems  from  a  fleshy  tuber  or  roots  bearing  a  pair  of,  at  least 
[vhen  young,  opposite  leaf-like  bracts  subtending  the  loose  ter- 

iiinal  naked  racemes  or  umbels  of  delicate  white  or  rose-color 

Bowers  that  open  for  more  than  one  day.     Sepals  2,  persistent. 

Petals  5,  equal.     Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  claws  of  the  petals. 

)vary  free,  several-ovuled.       Capsule    loculicidally    3-valved. 

eeds  compressed,  shining. 

*    Stems  and  leaves  from  a  deep-seated  corm. 

C.    lanceolata  Pursh.  Fl.  175.    Scapose  stems  3-6  inches  high :  leaves 

liarrowly  lanceolate,  1-2  inches  long,  usually  wanting  on  flowering  speci- 

aens) ;  involucral  leaves  sessile,  from  narrowly  lanceolate  to  oblone,  1  or  2 

Inches  long:  racemes  few-floweretland  cyniose  with  a  single  scarious bract  at 


i^ii 


■•)  ■ 


'^ 


PORTUT.ACACK.K. 


(I,.\YT<»XI.\ 
MDNTIA. 


tlu' liRHc  of  till'  lowt'Ht  |ii'«lift'l :  HiimlH  «ivn(»',  iinilitli  <  rnltiiH',  1-1'.,.  linr 
loiift:  |H>talH  H-4liii«H  lonK,  pale  .rohc  color  with  (larkiT  vt'iiiH:  roots  ^i|.l 
1k)hi'.  KiiHtt'ni  WuHliiiiKton and  Ort'|i;oii  to  the  Koi-ky  AIouiitaiiiH,  N«  vii 
and  California,  in  monntainoiiH  distnrts. 

€•  nmbellata  Watson  Bot.  Kin^  48,  t.  H.  Soaiione  HtemH  an  iiirlm 
two  high  :  radical  leavcH  orbicular  to  ohhing  or  ovate  on  longslemlcr  ]*i 
ioles  (often  wanting  on  flowering  npecimens) :  involucral  leaves  orhiiiil^ 
to  ovate  or  rhomboidal,  on  slender  petioles:  flowers  H-5  in  aHuhsehsilc  im 
IhjI,  subtended  by  a  broad  Piarious  bract :  ]H!taIs  3-4  lines  long,  a  litiij 
longer  than  the  founded,  obtuse,  somewhat  scarious  sepals:  root  of  viiif 
OUB  shape,  usually  oblong  or  fusiform,  ^^-2  inclies  long.  In  gravilj 
ground,  Stein's  Mountain,  southeastern  Oregon  to  Nevada. 

*  »    Stems  and  leaves  from  the  crown  of  a  fleshy  root. 

C.  Mefrarrhlza  Parry  Watson  Bib.  Ind.  118.  Leaves  numirdiil 
cuneate  with  rounded  apex,  attenuate  below  to  a  margined  iKtinf 
with  scarious  dilated  base  1-tt  inches  long.  2-18  lines  wide;  scapose  stej 
not  exceeding  the  leaves :  involucral  leaves  lanceolate  or  linear  ?vm\4 
raceme  secund,  subsessile.  with  comparatively  large  acutish  PcarioJ 
bract  at  base;  sepals  oblong  2-3  lines  long,  jjetals  obovate  subeniaigij 
ate,  a  third  longer  than  the  sepals.  High  alpine,  growing  in  crevices  i 
rocks,  its  large  purple  tap-root  penetrating  to  a  great  depth.  Blue  Mmitl 
ains  of  eastern  Oregon  to  the  Kocky  Mountains. 

.     .        7  MONTIA  Micheli  Nova  Plantarum  Gen.   17  t.   13. 

Low  filabrouH  and  succulent  herbs  with  delicate  pale  or  wliiJ 
flowers  in  loo.«e  axillary  or  terininal  simple  or  compouiul  J 
cemes.  Sepals  2,  rarely  8,  persistent.  Petals  usually  5,  nirelyf 
or  wanting ;  more  or  less  united  at  base,  usually  unequal,  ol 
them  a  little  smaller  than  the  other  2.  Stamens  3-5,  insertc  cl  i 
the  base  of  the  corolla,  opposite  its  lobes.  Ovary  3-ovuled  :  ca[ 
sule  3-valved,  3-seeded. 

*    Leafy-stemmed  annuals :  petals  unequal. 
t-    At  least  the  lower  leaves  opposite. 

M.    minor  Gmelin  Fl.  Bad.  i,  301,  (?),    Stems  weak  and  filiform,  tn 
ing  dense  mats  2-10  inches  in  diameter  rooting  at  the  lower  nodes :  lt'ii\| 
spatulate  or  obovate  to  narrowly  oblanceolate,  3-9  lines  long :  flower 
line  long  or  less :  petals  conspicuous  a   little  longer  than  the  calyx :  cetl 
dull  black,  tuberculate.    In  wet  places  and  ditches,  Washington  to  nort| 
ern  California. 

■*-     Leaves  all  alternate. 

*♦     Stamens  2  or  3 :  opposite  the  3  smaller  petals. 

M.  Howellll  Watson  Proc.  A nr>.  Acad,  xviii,  191.  Stems  slender, i 
fusely  branched  %  •■'^  inches  long,  procumbent  and  rooting  at  the  tiodfj 
leaves  narrowly  sp«tulate  2-4  lines  long  with  a  dilated  scarious  claepii 
base,  rarely  opposite,  usually  opposite  to  a  triangular  scarious  (rlasjiij 
bract  which  subtends  a  few-flowered  raceme :  pedicels  shorter  than 
leaves,  reflexed  in  fruit:  flowers  verv  small :  sepals  less  than  a  line  loii 
petals  2,  rarely  3-5  or  wanting ;  the  2  larger  a  little  exserted :  seeds  hla(| 
sm<)oth  and  sinning.    Willamette  valley :  flowers  in  very  early  sprinj:. 

M.    dlchotoma  Howell  1.  c.  36.     C'laytoniadichotoma  Nutt.  T.  <i- (1. 
202.    Erect,  1-3  inches  high,  branching  from  the  base  and  compact  \n\ 
all  linear   6-i2  lines  long:  flowers  in  dense  terminal  racemes;  wp 
broadly  elliptical,  about  a  line  long,  usually  colored :  petals  but  litj 
longer :  distinctly  united  at  base:  seeds  thick-lenticvilat  minutely  tub 


MONTI  A. 


P()UTUKA(  aCK/K. 


05 


*  *    Leafy-stemmed 
cemes  terminal     and 


diliite,  small,  dull  black.    In  wet  placeH,  Columbia  river  valley  (nmi  Tiie 
Dalles  westward. 

M.  Uneaiifi  Greene  Fl.  Francis.  181.  (Hantonia  linearu  Doiinl.  Stems 
ert'i't  or  spreading  2-6  inches  long,  branching  from  the  base:  u>aves  lin- 
ear, sessile  by  a  clasping  base,  l-'A  inches  long,  flowers  in  lax  terminal 
oftt'n  second  racemes :  stamens  ll,  (rarely  2  or  6) :  se)>als  broa<lly  elliptical, 
alines  long,  often  partly  scarious  and  colored;  petals  a  little  Kmgor:  seeds 
bltick  and  lustrous,  a  line  broad,  the  largest  in  the  genus,  flat  and  sharply 
niiirgined.  In  moist  or  wet  places,  Vancouver  Island  to  nortliern 
Culifornia. 

**  **     Stamens  5,  seeds  closely  striate  and  transversely  lineolate. 

M.  difftasa  Greene  1.  c.  Annual,  stems  procumbent  diffusely  branched  : 
2  inches  to  a  span  long:  leaves  broadly  ovate  or  deltoid,  abruptly atteriuate 
into  a  petiole,  %-\.  inch  broad :  racemes  very  numerous,  terminal  and 
lateral,  Bubcorymbose;  pedicels  slender,  at  length  recurved,  the  lowest 
one  and  often  several  of  the  upper  ones  bracteate :  petals  ehiarginate,  2 
lines  long,  a  little  longer  than  the  calyx.  In  forests  and  shady  or  rocky ' 
places  near  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette  river  to  northern  California. 

perennials,  atoloniferous  or  bulbiferous ;  ra- 
axillary,  not  involucrate-bracted :    petals    5, 
scarcely  xinequal:  stamens  5. 

•«-    Stems  filiform :  leaves  alternate ;  racemes  terminal. 

M.  parrifolla  Greene  1.  c.  Stems  filiform  2-10  inches  long:  leaves 
fleshy,  lower  clustered,  oblanceolate  or  spatulate,  5-18  lines  long;  cauline 
mucfi  smaller,  usually  with  leafy  bulblets  in  their  axiles :  racemes  ter- 
minal few-flowered:  some  or  all  of  the  pedicels  subtended  by  sciirious 
bracts:  sepals  broadly  ovate  obtuse,  a  line  long:  petals  oblanceolate,  emar- 
I  ginate     About  springs  and  wet  places,  California  to  Alaskr. 

■*-  •*-     Leaves  opposite :  racemes  axillary. 

M.  ChamisHOiiis  Greene  1.  c.  180.  Stems  weak  and  slender,  erect  or 
I  decumbent,  a  foot  or  less  high,  stoloniferous  and  rooting  at  the  joints: 
leaves  oblanceolate  or  spatulate  3^-1)^  inches  long ;  often  with  bulblets  in 
their  axiles:  racemes  few- flowered  with  a  scarious  bract  at  base;  flowers 
on  slender  pedicels:  sepals  orbicular  l^o  lines  wide:  petals  white,  3'or  4 
lines  long.  In  wet  places,  Alaska  to  California,  east  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains. 

M>    Hallli  Greene  1.  c.    A  span  high,  destitute  of  stolons  or  bulblets : 
*  leaves  only  2  or  3  pairs:   pedicels  in  fruit  ascending :  calyx  barely  a  line 
long:  seeds  muriculate.     Wet  ground,  Willamette  valley. 

*  *  *    Leaves  all  radical :  stems  scapiform :  racemes  involucrate, 
petals  and  stamens  5  each. 

•K  Involucral  bracts  more  or  io.<8  united  into  a  disk,  other  and 
smaller  bracts  above  them:  annuals,  apparently  confluent  in  a  series. 
M.  perfoUata  Howell  1.  c.  38.  Claytunia  perfoUata  Dunn  WHld.  Sp.  it, 
1186.  Bcapose  stems  6-12  inches  high :  leaves  long  petioled,  ovate  to  del- 
toid usually  acute  >^-3  inches  broad :  light  green :  involucral  bracts  com- 
Sletely  joined  together  forming  a  perfoliate  shallow-funnelform  disk : 
owers  in  short  or  long  peduncled  interrupted  elongated  racemes :  sepals 
ovate  1-1)^  lines  long;  petals  a  half  longer:  seeds  rather  small,  black  and 
lustroua,  lenticular.  Common  in  shady  moist  places,  Vancouver  Island 
to  California  and  the  Rocky  Mountains,  also  Mexico  and  Chile. 

M.  parviflora  Howell  1.  c.  Claytonm  parvipmi  Dotigl.  Leaves  light 
green,  spatulate  to  filiform,  including  the  petiole  2-6  inches  long:  scapose 
stems  2-8  inches  long,  involucral  bracts  joined  together  on  one  or  both 
sides  into  a  perfoliate  or  clasping  or  shallow  disk:  flowers  in  sessile  or 
short-peduncled  racemes ;  sepals  ovate,  a  line  long :  petals  but  little  longer : 


oe 


PORTULACACE^. 


UOtPtlA. 


■eedi  Bmall  lenticular,  black  and  Bhining. 
Waihington  to  California. 


Common  in  moiHt  ihady  placaj 


M •  ribra  Howell  1.  c.  AVhole  plant  unually  livid  red,  Bpreadingl 
leaves  deltoid  or  rhomboid,  abruptly  narrowed  to  a  margined  petiole  1-9 
inches  long :  scupes  1-3  inches  long,  more  or  less  depressed ;  involnorsT 
bracts  completely  united  (or  slightly  open  on  one  side)  into  an  orbicnlai 
perfoliate  disk:  flowers  in  short  sessile  racemes:  sepals  orbicular,  leiJ 
than  a  line  long,  about  half  the  length  of  the  petals.  In  dry  open  wuuli 
Washington  to  northren  California. 

M*    spAthnUtft  Howell  1.  c.  C7o|/(onian.a{/iu^afa  Dcu^/.  Succulent  anij 

SlaucouH  or  pale,  scapose  httms  1-8  inches  long,  spreading  or  erect:  IcavJ 
ender,  terete  or  some  of  the  outer  ones  becoming  spatulate  and  flatfish] 
involmral  bracts  either  wholly  united  and  the  disk  snorter  on  one  euU',\ 
juined  together  on  one  side  only  and  that  throughout  or  only  in  part :  ril 
cemes  short,  nearly  or  quite  eessile ;  the  slender  and  mostly  alternate  \wi^ 
eels  3-4  lines  long ;  sepals  ovate,  a  line  or  more  long,  about  half  the  Icnutl 
of  the  white  or  rose-color  petals :  seeds  minutely  tuberculate.  In  wet  ^ij 
line  soil,  southern  Oregon  and  California. 

M*    hnmfftasa.    Depressed  and  spreading  in  a  circular  manner,  furii 
ing  a  rosette  1-4  inches  in  diameter,  pale  green  or  yellowish :  leaves  rathej 
few,  thin,  orbicular  or  rhombic  to  oblong  or  broadly  spatulate  the  l)]adiL 
2-ti  lines  long,  abruptly  or  gradually  contracted  below  to  a  slender  petiolJ 

St-2  inches  long :  scapose  stems  numerous,  )^-2  inches  long:  involucriT 
racts  large,  completelv  united  on  one  edge  and  little  or  not  at  all  on  lb 
other,  forming  a  oroaa  somewhat  angular  reniform  sessile  leaf :  floweij 
glomerate  in  the  axils  of  the  involucre  and  not  surpassing  it ;  pedicelj 
about  a  line  long :  calyx  orbicular  to  broadly  obovate,  a  line  long,  petalj 
not  seen :  seeds  small,  very  black  and   lustrous,  turgid,  with  a  distinq 
white  appendage  at  the  hilum.    in  moist  places,  valley  of  the  Walla  Wa 
river  near   Milton,  May   18,  1896,  Howell.    This  may  be  Claytonia  par 
flora  var.  depressa  Gray  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxii,  181. 

M.  tennlfoUa  Howell  I.  c.  ClayUnia  tenuifolia  T.  <&  O.  FL  i,  i 
Stems  numerous,  filiform :  leaves  narrowly  linear  or  filiform  %-2  inchej 
long,  insensibly  decumbent  into  long  petioles:  involucral  bracts  linean 
somewhat  dilated  at  base  and  then  slightly  connate  on  one  side,  mm 
longer  than  the  sessile  1-bracteate  subumbellate  raceme :  petals  oblong 
longer  than  than  the  calyx,  rose-color.  In  damp  places  about  cliffs,  etc] 
southern  Oregon  and  California. 

]!•  arenicola*  Claytonia  arenicola  Henderton  BvU.  Torr.  Club  xxii 
49.  "Annual  with  delicate  fibrous  roots,  2-6  inches  high :  radical  leaTa 
linear-spatulate,  the  broadest  not  over  2>^  lines  wide  (generally  aboutr 
line  wide)  1-2  inches  long,  tapering  from  near  the  obtuse  apex  into  a  dell 
cate  petiole :  cauline  leaves  a  single  pair,  similar  to  the  radical  but  shorteij 
opposite  and  distinct:  racemes  numerous  and  prolifically  flowered,  tli 
flowers  on  pedicels  >i2-^  inch  long ;  petals  pink-white,  3  lines  long,  emaJ 
ginate ;  seeds  %  line  long  shining  and  resembling  those  of  0.  ^iberica,  bf 
only  half  as  large.  Dry  sandy  banks  along  streams  as  well  as  dry  piiif 
woods,  Idaho  and  eastern  Washington." 

•«-  ••-  Involucral  bracts  distinct ;  petals  subequal. 
**  Perennial  with  creeping  rootstocks :  racemes  without  bractlets. 
M.  afiarifolta  Howell  1.  c.  Claytonia  asarifolia  Bong.  Veg.  Sitch.  )1 
(■  f)  C.  eordifolia  Watton  froc.  Am.  Aceid,  xrii,  366.  Pcapose  stems  4-1 
inches  high  from  a  creeping  caudex :  radical  leaves  subcordate  or  soini 
what  reniform  to  rhombic-ovate,  on  long  slender  pedicels :  involucratj 
leaves  ovate  acute,>^-l,^  inches  long :  flf>wers  few  upon  slender  pedicels  in  j 
long  pedunculate  naked  (or  with  a  single  scarious  bract)  raceme :  petals) 
4  lines  long,  thrice  longer  than  the  rounded  sepals.  Alpine  and  alpefltri^ 
from  Alaska  to  California,  east  to  the  northern  Rocky  Mountains. 


iipiiAnrRA. 
M.VPTRinirM. 


VOmVl.AC\CT./F.. 


-»  «»     FcrcnniaiR  with   n  tliick«'ntHl  ('rown  nnd  flbrouH  rootn. 

M.  SIblrU'tt  Unwfll  I,  c.  :W.  Clniitimia  Sthirira  I..  Sp.  M4  f  f).  ^V»v- 
HiHc 'tftiiH  ((-15  iiii-lit'H  lii^h  trniii  u  tliickcniMi  crown  with  filiroiiH  riNttn: 
aiiii  il  U'avi'H  rluinihic-oviitf  <>r  nciirly  nrhiciilHr  to  hintrulHte,  l-;i  iiu'hoK 

tiiiu.  'i."2  i""'l>»'H  wiiU':  invohicnil  Iohvi'm  nviitf  or  Hpatiihitt'ovatc  (<>  hin- 
(•ofatt',  )^-2  iiicht'H  loii^:  Howith  on  Hi<>n<h'r  |K'ilic(>lH  in  clonKiitiMi  hnu>t('<l 
I'niiiiute  ratrmeH;  m>palH  ovat»',  aciitt',  1-1  '.j  lint'H  lonjf ;  |K'talH  i  Mont;,  nar- 

Lwt'il  to  aHhort  rhiw  Im'Iow,  Noniowluit  trniifalc  an<l  notrht-tl  at  the  iipiMT 

jiiil,  :>-«(  lincH  lon({.     Coinnion  in  nioJHt  ttronnd,  Alaska  to  California,  W'«'Ht 

\i  tlic  CaHcatU'  MoiintainH. 

M.  holblfrra  Ilowell  1.  r.  (Irnffonhi  hiilhift'ia  (Iran  I.  r.  .lii,  /i4.  HteniH 
lulu'f  Hlemler,  4-12  Incht'H  IwkIi,  cn'ct  or  amvndin^  from  a  fhiHtcr  of 
lull)lt'tH  that  are  thi'  HohIij*  jterMiHtunt  Iuihi'H  of  fornicr  ifavt's:  U-avt'H  oihic- 
[liiror  rhombic  to  ianfi'ohlto,  <'-IK  Hiu'h  lonj{,  narrownl  lu'low  t(»  a  Hh'ndcr 
I'tiolc  2-4  inclicH  lon)< :  involucrai  k-avi'H  orltioniar  to  ol)ovat»'  or  i>lli|)tical, 
\>m\{'  hut  not  connate:  raccnu'  nolilary  and  t«'rminal,  rarely  witli  a  Heeoncl 
pie  ill  the  axil  of  a  bract  below  the  terminal  one;  brtx'tH  folineeouH;  pedi- 
el»  filiform,  1-2  inelieH  hm(?:  wpals  conlate,  1-2  linen  l(»n>t,  about  as 
Iroaii,  acutieh;  jH^talH  oblong,  emarginate  to  2-lobed,  A-H  lineH  huiK,  white 
yitii  red  or  purple  veins;  HtameuH  about  half  as  lon^  aw  the  petals:  eap- 
Jiilt'  Klolxjse:  seeds  m<Mlerat«ly  ectmpresHed,  ovate,  with  a  eonspieuous 
fliite  appendage  at  the  hilum.  Along  streams  and  damp  places  in  forestfl, 
])iitliwestem  (Tregon  and  adjacent  California. 

g  IV.  Sepah  2,  hrnnd,  more  or  lens  Hrariniift,  pemntent:  cap- 
Vk  2-vahm\.  ,  .  . 


9.     SPUA(;UKA  Torr.   IM.   Frem.  4  t.   1. 

IlerbH  with  losulate  tut'tn  of  Hcnhy  Iciives  from  tluf  crown  of 
[Hcshy  root,  or  on  denHcly-lt'iify  .sVjius,  and  epIicnKM'iil  Howcth  in 
I'l'iHc  scori)ioi<l  spikes  urnbi'llate-cluHtered  on  a  scapc-likc  jM.'<lunc- 
Se|)al8  2,  orbicular,  eniarginatc  at  both  ends,  scanous-hyalinc, 
emstent.  Petals  4,  s«)niewhat  nnequal.  Stamens  )>,  opposUe 
|ie  ;}  larger  petals,  exsertcd.  Ovary  M-lO-ovuled  ;  style  long,  hifid 

tlip   apex.     Capsule   2-valved,    niemhranaceons.     Seeds   black 

hid  shining. 

Is.  umbellata  Terr.  1.  c.  Stems  several  from  a  tliickene*!  biennial 
|)ot,  simple,  erect  or  ascending  2-12  inches  high  :  radical  leaves  H]»ntulate 
' oblanceolate,  on  thick  petioles  1-4  inches  long;  the  cauline  similar  but 
kialler,  frequently  scarious-stipulate,  often  reduced  to  a  few  bracts;  invo- 
Icre  of  broader  scarious  bracts  subtending  the  dense  capitate  umbel  of 
tarly  sessile  spikes  :  sepals  very  conspicuous,  2-4  lines  in  diameter,  about 
lualling  the  oblong-ovate  petals :  stamens  an<l  style  conspicuously  ex- 
jrtetl.  In  damp  sandy  places  from  the  Siskiyou' to  the  J^ierra  Nevada 
loiuitains. 

Is.  niulttceps  Howell  Eryth.  i,  Si).  Depri'ssed  freely  branching  per- 
Viial:  stems  1-fi  inches  long  witli  densely  leafy  branches:  leaves  3-«l 
lies  long  or  on  young  plants  2  or  ;i  inches  long:  jieduncle  solitary, 
Iriiiiiiating  the  short  lateral  bractlets,  usually  with  1  or  2  scarious  l)racts 
H)W  the  involucre:  flowers  in  dense  capitate  clusters:  se])als  scarious,  2-4 
pes  in  diameter,  iilwut  equalling  the  olilong-ovate  petals:  stamens  and 
kle  (cniHpicuously  exserted.  In  volcanic  sand,  etc.,  on  the  snowy  peaks 
[the  Cascade  Mountains. 

9    CALYPTRIDIUM  Nutt.  T.  &  (}.  FI.  i,  198. 

jSniooth  depressed  annuals  with  alternate  Hesliy  ]ea\  'S  and 
Iwll  ephemeral  flowers  in  dense   axillary  and  terminal   clusters 


■,c\Of>    Or    Co 


9S 


ELATINACEi*:. 


BLATINS. 
BEROIA. 


or  compound  scorpioid  spikes.     Sepnls  2,  mostly  unequal,  o\  ate| 
or  orbicular,  more   or  less  scarious.     Petals  2-4.     Stamens  \-\ 
shorter  than  the  petals  and  alternate  with   them.     Capsule  miini 
branuceous  2-valved,  6-12-seede(l.     Seeds  black  and  shining,  cir 
cinate,  compressed,  on  filiform    funiculi  of  unctjual  length,  risinjl 
from  the  base  of  the  cell 

C.  roseum  Watson  Bot.  King  44  t.  0.  ligs.  C-8.  Diffusely  brantliiHll 
stems  decumbent,  1-.3  inolies  long:  leaves  oblong-spatulate,  attenuate  all 
the  base:  sepals  very  unequal,  nearly  orbicular,  1-8  lines  broad:  petalJ 
minute,  rounded-oblong:  capsule  oblong-ovate,  shorter  than  the  ciilyxl 
style  very  short.    Southeastern  Oregon  to  Nevada  and  California. 

Order  XIII.     ELATINACE^  Lindl.  Nat.  Syst.  ed.  2,  8S. 

Low  annuals  with  opposite  dotless  me/nbranous  stipulitel 
leaves,  regular  and  symmetrical  flowers  with  hypogynous  petT 
als  and  stamens  and  distinct  styles  bearing  capitate  stiginasj 
Sepals  2-5  distinct,  persistent.  Petals  as  many  as  the  sepalsl 
and  alternate  with  them.  Stamens  as  many  or  twice  al 
many  as  the  petals.  Ovary  2-")-celled.  Capsule  2-5-valveill 
croAvned  with  the  persistent  styles  or  stigmas :  placentae  in  tlil 
axis.  Seeds  anatropous  cylindrical  with  crustaceous  coat  oiidj 
little  or  no  albumen. 

1.  Elatiiie.    Parts  of  the  flowers  each  2-4,    sepals  obtuse. 

2,  Berglai    Parts  of  the  flowers  each  5,    sepals  acute. 

1    ELATINE  L.  Gen.  n.  502. 

Small  prostrate   glabrous  annuals,  growing   in   water  or   wi 
places  with  entire  leaves  and  solitary  flowers.     Sepals  2—1,  nitiii 
branaceous,  obtuse,  nerveless.     Petals  as  many  as  sepals.     Stai 
ens  as  many  or  twice  as  many  as  petals.     Styles  2,  3  or  4.   Ovaiij 
globose,  with  the   placenta?   in   the  axis,  many-ovuled.  Ca|)sulij 
membranaceous  2-4-celled,  the  partitions   remaining  attached  tl 
the  axis  or  eviinescent. 

E.  Americana  Arnott  Edinb.  Journ.  Sci.  1,  430.  Low  and  depresaJ 
1-6  inches  in  diameter,  rooting  at  the  nodes :  leaves  obovate,  very  obtufel 
flowers  sessile,  purplish :  seeds  cylindrical,  slightly  curved,  about  one[ 
third  of  a  line  long,  very  minutely  pitted  in  9  or  10  longitudinal  iineij 
Lower  Columbia  river  bottoms ;  also  in  the  Eastern  States. 

Et  Callfornica  (iray  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  xiii.  .%1.  Floating :  leaves  nlii| 
vate,  attenute  at  base,  the  lower  with  a  iK'tiole  not  longer  than  the  bladJ 
flowers  shortly  pedicellate,  with  .3  or  4  sepals  and  petals  and  twice  4 
many  stamens :  seeds  circinate-incurved  nearly  onethird  of  a  line  ioiiJ 
minutely  pitted  in  10  or  12  lines.  In  Sierra  valley,  California ;  Spokauf 
Falls,  Washington. 

2    BER(UA  L.  Mant.  n.  1309. 

Branching  and  ol'ten  pul)escent  nearly  erect  annuals  with  fiJ 
tire  or  serrate  leaves  and  fascicled  or  solitary  flowers.  Sepals  J 
with  a  strong  midnerve  or  herbaceous  in  the  middle,  acutl 
Ovary  ovoid.  Caj)sule  subcrustaceous,  o-valved,  more  or  lesj 
of  the  partitions  in  dehiscence  remaining  with  the  axis. 


BLATINX. 
BBRGIA. 

qual,  o\ate| 
amenB  \-?.\ 
)sule  mt'iiii 
hining,  cirJ 
igth,  risiiJ 

branc'lii'ij; 
attenuatf  all 
iroad :   pt'talj 
the    calyxl 
•nia. 

d.  2,  8S. 

s   stipulntel 

ynous  petj 

,te  stigmas,! 

the  sepalsl 

twice  aJ 

2-5-valve(l,r 

entse  in  tliel 

us  coat  ni 


HYPERICUM. 


hypericacej:. 


m 


ator  or  wv 

s  2— J,  niciiiJ 
mis.     StiiiiiJ 
3r  4.    () villi 
e<l.  C>ii>siil( 
attached  tl 


nd  depresi?(ilJ 

very  obtus'l 

i,  about  oiief 

fudinal  lineil 


? :  leaves  olni 
an  the  bladel 
and  twice; 
a  line  loiiJ 
nia ;  SpokHiil 


als  witli  eii 

Sepals 
Idle,   aoutfl 
Dre   or  lei 


B.  Texaiia  Seubert  in  Walp.  Rep.  i,  285.  Glandular  pubeficent, 
bi;iiiohing  from  the  base,  2-10  inchen  high  :  leaves  oblanceolate,  acute,  ser- 
rate, ^-^-l)^  inches  long,  attenuate  to  a  short  petiole:  flowers  fascicled, 
sliDrtly  pedicelled:  sepals  t^arinate,  l^o  lines  long  exceeding  the  petals  and 
rttiiine'ns:  capsule  globose:  seeds  smooth  and  shining.  Moist  or  very  wet 
places  along  rivers  and  ditches,  Columbia  river  to  Nevada,  California  aixd 
Texas. 

Order  XIV.      HYPEUlCACEvl^:  I.indl.  Nat.  Syst.  ed.  2,  77. 

Herbs  or  shrubs  with  opposite  entire  leaves,  punctate 
with  immersed  pellucid  resinous  glands  and  often  sprinkled 
with  black  glandular  dots  or  lines,  witliout  stipules.  Calvx  of 
4  or  5  persistent  sepals  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Petals  as  many, 
convolute  in  the  bud,  deciduous  or  withering,  iisually  glandu- 
lar-punctate. Filaments  mostly  in  3  sets  or  bundles.  Styles 
2-5,  usually  distiuct  or  becoming  so.  Stigmas  terminal. 
Ovary  and  capsule  with  2  5  parietal  placenta',  or  2- Tv  celled  by 
their  union  in  the  axis.  Seeds  anatropous,  witli  a  somewhat 
crustaceous  coat,  tilled  by  the  straight  cylindraceous  embryo. 
Only  one  genus  in  our  range.  ,   ;  ; 

1     HYPERICUM  L.  Gen.  n.  9()2. 

Herb.s  or  shrubs  with  simple  entire  opposite  leaves  without  sti- 
pules and  yellow  Howers  in  cymes.  Sepals  5,  rarely  4,  similar. 
Petals  as  many,  oblique.  Stamens  numerous,  sometimes  few,  in 
8-5  clusters :  filaments  united  at  base  into  8-8  phalanges  or  dis- 
tinct. Ovary  1-celled  with  parietal  placenta'  or  8-5-celled  with 
placenta'  in  the  axis.  Styles  8-5  distinct  or  united  :  stigma  often 
capitate  :  capsule  conical  to  globose. 

*  Stamens  numerous,  distinct  or  united  into  sets:  styles  3,  long 
and  distinct:  capsule  ovate,  3-celled,  more  or  less  glandular:  tall  per- 
ennials with  opposite  leaves. 

H.  PERFORATUM  L.  Mucli  branched,  1-4  feet  high :  leaves  linear  to  ob- 
long, obtuse,  mostly  tapering  at  base,  H-12  lines  long,  1-5  wide:  flowers 
numerous  in  loose  cynies,  about  an  inch  in  diameter:  sepals  narrowly  lan- 
ceolate, very  acute  or  acuminate  :  petals  bri;  'it  yellow,  black  dotted  along 
the  margin  :  capsule  conical-ovate  2-;»  lines  long.  Very  common  in  fields 
and  along  roadsides.     Introduced  from  Europe. 

H.  Scoalfri  Hook.  Fl.  i,  111.  f^imple  or  sparingly  branched  above, 
often  with  numerous  small  branchlets  from  running  rootstocks,  1-2  feet 
high  :  leaves  thin,  shorter  than  the  interncjdes,  about  an  inch  long  mostly 
iibtuHe,  more  or  less  clasping,  usually  black  dotted  along  the  margin  on  the 
under  side:  flowers  G-12  lines  in  diameter,  in  more  or  less  panicled  cymes: 
sepals  oval  or  oblong,  obtuse,  2  lines  long,  or  less:  petals  0  lines  long, 
ubovate :  stamens  numerous  in  3  fascicles,  3-celled.  In  wet  meadows  and 
by  streams  throughout  the  Pacific  t^tates  and  Territories,  flowering  in 
summer. 

**  f^tamens  15-20,  mostly  in  3  clusters;  styles  .'5  or  2,  short  and 
distinct,  stigmas  capitate:  small  slender  annuals  with  small  flowers: 
petals  shorter  than  the  sepals. 

H.  aiiUKalloIdcK  Cham,  i^  Schlect.  liiniia'a  iii,  127.  Procumbent,  dif- 
fusely branching,  often  forming  dense  mats:  stems  1-12  inches  long: 
leaves  oblong  to  broadly  ovate,  ohtuse,  5-7  nerved  at  base,  2-<i  lines  long, 
almost  as  broad  :  flowers  3  or  4  lines  in  <liaiiieter,   in  few-flowered  naked  or 


1 .11 


m 


MALVACEAE. 


HYPKRICTM, 
MAIA'A. 


J] 


leafy  cymes:  sepals  follaoeous,  unequal,  lanceolate  to  broadly  ovate,  1-'! 
lines  long,  longer  than  the  ovate  1-celleil  capsule :  stamens  16-20.  In  wi  t 
places,  Brit.  Columbia  to  California. 

H.  Canadense  var.  major  Gray  Man.  8().  Stems  rathcrstout  and  striin, 
almost  simple,  12-18  inches  high :  leaves  lanceolatt;,  1-2  inches  long,  4-(J 
lines  broad,  more  or  less  clasping,  often  very  acute,  glandular  dotted  be- 
neath :  flowers  in  somewhat  crowded  cymes :  sepals  linear-lanceolate  lon^;- 
pointed;  stamens  5-10:  capsule  very  acutely  conical,  3-4  lines  long:  seeds 
yellow,  more  or  less  striate  and  pitted.  (Jreen  Lake,  King  county,  Wasli- 
ington  and  the  Eastern  f^tates. 

Order  XVI.     MALVACEJ«:  Neok.  Act.  Ac.  Theod.  Palat.  2,  48s. 

Herbs  or  shrubs  with  alternate  stipulate  mostly  palmatel> 
veined  leaves  and  usually  showy  flowers.  Flowers  regular, 
hermaphrodite  or  rarely  dioecious  oi'  poljgamous.  Sepals  5, 
rarely  3  or  4,  valvate  in  the  bud,  more  or  less  united  at  bast;, 
often  haviiig  an  external  calyx  or  involucre.  Petals  hypogyn- 
ous,  equal  in  number  to  the  sepals,  twisted  in  the  bud.  Stamens 
hypogynous,  commonly  indefinite  in  number,  rarely  as  few  as 
the  petals,  united  below  into  a  monadelphous  tube  or  ring : 
anthers  1-celled,  reniform,  bursting  transversely.  Ovary  form- 
ed of  several  cairpels  around  a  common  axis,  either  distinct  ov 
cohering.  Styles  as  many  as  carpels,  united  or  distinct  Fruit 
capsular  or  rarely  baccate :  carpels  1  to  many-seeded  sometimes 
closely  united,  sometimes  separate  or  sepirable.  Seeds  cam- 
py lotropous  or  heterotropous  with  little  or  no  albumen.  Em- 
Ibryo  curved :  cotyledons  foliaceous,  twisted  and  doubled  up. 

*  Styles  stigmatic  on  the  inner  face:  carpels  indehiscent:  ovules 
solitary,  ascending. 

1.  Malva*    Bractlects  1-3,  distinct :  axis  broad,  shorter  than   the  numer- 
ous carpels,  filaments  in  1  series. 

2.  Sidaleea.    Bractlets  none.    Filaments  in  2  series;  those  of  the  outer 
series  united  into  5  clusters:  carjiels  5-10,  covering  the  axis. 

*  *    Htigmas  capitate :  carpels    mostly  dehiscent,  at  least  at  the 
apex. 

8.    SphiPralceat    Bractlets   1-3,  ovules  2,  the  lower  apcending,  the  up- 
per pendulous. 

4i    Sida.    Bractlets  usually  none:  ovule  solitary. 

5.    Abntilon.    Bractlets  none :  ovuled  3-4  in  each  cell. 

1    MALTA  L.  Gen.  n.  841. 

Hirsute  or  glabrate  herbs  with  nngnlarly  lobed  or  dissected 
leaves  and  mostly  showy  flowers  solitary  in  tbe  axils  of  tlie 
leaves  or  rarely  in  terminal  racemes.  Calyx  5-cleft,  with  an  in- 
volucre of  usually  8  oblong  or  setaceous  bractlets  or  rarely  none. 
Petals  5,  obcordate.  Staminal  column  divided  above  into  numer- 
ous filaments.  Styles  filiform,  stigmatic  on  the  inner  side.  Car- 
pels numerous  with  a  single  ascending  ovule  in  each.  Fruit  de- 
pressed, the  numerous  free  carpels  separating  from  the  broad  and 
not  projecting  axis,  indehiscent,  beakless. 

M.    BOREAMS  Wall,  in  Liljebl.  Sv.  Fl.  ed.  2,  218.    Annual,  erector  some- 


SIDALCEA 

wiiiitdecumi 
nil  ire  or  less 
1-:;  lines  loi 
fruit:  petal! 
weed  from  E 

M.      ROTUN 

loii)i,  leaves 
puliescent    i 
long-linear : 
purple:  carj 
troiluced  froi 


Herbs  \^ 
wliite  fiow^ 
iyx  5-parte 
outer  seri( 
tlic  inner  ( 
Carpels  5-*. 
maturity  fr 
Ours  all  p( 


S.    glaac 

eHcent,  and  f 
bent,  2  feet 
l)arted,  the  i' 
entire:  racer 
Illuminate : 
with  distinct 
to  Mount  h'h 

S.  malvH 
little  decum 
on  the  calyx 
gins  ciliate 
crenate-incii 
segments :  r 
of  the  caly: 
smooth,  dep 

S.    Tirga 

thick  somei 
6-24  inches 
petioled,  thi 
coarsely  to< 
sparsely  so 
lobed  or  pa 
segments:  1 
calyx  lobes 
minutely  ei 
ette  valley  ' 


H.  spica 
hairs  simpL 
to  the  untie 
2  feet  high, 
leaves  orbi( 


SIDAIX'RA 


MALVACEiE. 


101 


wliat  rlecumoent,  hairy  or  nearly  glabrous :  leaves  roiind-cordate,  crenate, 
iiinie  or  leas  strongly  5-7  bed;  jteduncles  axillary,  solitary  or  clustered, 
1-:!  lines  long:  calyx  ?o  acute,  becoming  very  broad  and  enlarged  in 
fruit:  petals  2-3  lines  .,,j:  capsule  transversely  reticulate-rugose.  A 
Wivd  from  Europe,  on  iha  Coast  from  Puget  Souml  to  Lower  California. 

M.  ROTUNDiFOLiA  L.  Stems  prostrate  from  a  j)erennial  root, 6-20  inches 
ioiiji,  leaves  cordate-orbicular,  obtusely  5-lobed  and  crenate  (tn  elongated 
piiliescent  petioles:  pedicels  axillary,  1 -flowered  involucral  bracts  ob- 
long-linear: calyx  lobes  acutely  triangular:  petals  4-0  lines  long,  pale 
purple:  carpels  numerous,  wrinkled.  Roadsjdes  an<l  waste  grounds;  in- 
tnxluced  from  Europe. 

2    SIDALCEA  Gray  PI.  Fendl.  18.    > 

Herbs  with  more  or  less  deeply  lobed  leaves  and  purple  or 
while  tiower.s  in  a  terminal  raeeme  or  spike:  involucre  none:  ea- 
lyx  5-parte(l.  Staniinal  column  double,  the  filaments  of  the 
outer  series  united  usually  into  ")  sets  opposite  the  5  petals,  of 
tlif  inner  distinct.  Styles  filiform,  stigniatie  on  the  inner  face. 
Carpels  o-O,  with  a  single  ascending  seed  in  each,  separating  at 
iiiatiuity  from  the  short  axis,  sometimes  beaked,  indehisoeut. 
Ours  all  perennials.  -       -< 

*    Pubescence  not  hirsute. 

S.  glaacescens  Greene  Bull.  Cal.  Acad:  .S,  77.  Minutely  stellate-pub- 
eHcent,  and  somewhat  glaucous  throughout :  stems  numerous  and  decum- 
bent, 2  feet  high,  rather  slender:  leaves,  even  the  lowest,  palmately  5-7- 
parted,  the  crenate  divisions  3-5  lobed  or  toothed,  those  of  the  uppermost 
entire:  raceme  simple,  loosely  Howered  :  divisions  of  the  calyx  attenuate- 
iK'uminate:  petals  deep  purple,  obtuse  or  at  most  only  truncate:  carpels 
with  distinct  longitudinal  reticulations.  Oregon,  i/a//;  station  not  noted 
to  Mount  Shasta  and  the  Sierra  Nevada  IMountains,  California. 

S.  malvieflora  Gray  PI.  Wright  i,  10.  Stems  2-4  feet  high,  erect  or  a 
little  decumbent,  mostly  solitary  from  a  fusiform  root :  hirsute  below  and 
on  the  calyx  and  pedicels ;  short,  stellate  puliescence  wanting :  leaf  mar- 
gins ciliate:  radical  leaves  orbicular  with  open  sinus  and  5-9  shallow, 
crenate-incised  lobes :  the  uppermost  cauline  5-7-parted  into  linear,  entire 
segments :  raceme  usually  solitary,  virgate :  pedicels  erect,  twice  the  length 
of  the  calyx,  the  lobes  of  which  are  broadly  ovate,  acuminate:  carpels 
smooth,  depressed.    Idaho  to  Colorado,  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

S.  Tir|irata>  Stellate  pubescent  throughout:  stems  numerous  from  the 
thick  somewhat  woody  root,  spreading  or  ascending,  sparingly  V^ranched, 
6-24  inches  high :  leaves  orbicular  in  outline,  1-4  inches  in  diameter  all 
petioled,  the  lower  more  or  less  deeplv  5-7  lobed,  the  obtuse,  oViKjng  lobes 
coarsely  toothed  at  the  apex,  densely  stellate-pubescent  beneath,  more 
sparsely  so  with  more  simple  appressed  hairs  above :  upper  more  deeply 
lobed  or  parted  with  linear-acute  or  acutish  entire  or  sparingly  toothed 
segments :  flowers  bright  purple  in  virgate  racemes :  bracts  setaceous, 
calyx  lobes  lanceolate,  acuminate,  2-3  lines  long,  rounded,  or  retuse  and 
minutely  erose-dentate  at  the  apex.  Common  on  dry  hillsides,  Willam- 
ette valley  to  the  northern  boundry  of  California. 

*  *    Pubescence  of  two  kinds,  hirsute  and  stellate. 

S.  spicata  Greene  1.  c.  76.  Equably  hispid-hirsute  throughout,  the 
hairs  simple  and  not  deflexed,  stellate  pubescence  sparse,  mostly  confined 
to  the  under  surface  of  the  leaves  and  the  calyx  where  it  is  fninute :  stems 
2  feet  high,  strict  and  simple,  or  with  a  few  short  branches  above :  lowest 
leaves  orbicular,  lobes  anct  teeth  shallow,  rounded ;  cauline  parted  into  7. 


p: 


102 


MALVACK^. 


HIDAtCKA. 
8PII.KRALCKA. 


variously  incised,  or  tlie  uppi'miost  linear  and    entire  segments:  rao'inei 
short,  spicate-crowded :   petals  deeply  notched,  half  inch  lonjj:    i>edi.(|!i 
very  short:  calyx  thin,  very  hairy,  its  lohes  ovate  acute  or  acuminate:  .ari 
pels  small,  smooth.     (Southwestern  Oregon  tt»  California. 

S.  Ciinipestrts  (ireene  I.  c.  Bristly  hairs  of  the  stem  ahundant,  foikHJ 
from  the  very  base  anddeHexed:  leaves  soft  beneath  with  stellate  pulK^sl 
conce  which  becomes  dense  on  the  pedicels  and  calyx:  stems  erect,  2-tij 
feet  high  simple  or  slightly  branched  above:  lower  leaves  orbicular,  aiiiiuti 
IMobed,  the  middle  and  upper  7-<»-parted,  their  segments  with  3-5  liiifarl 
spreading  lobes :  racemes  short:  petals  emarginate,  an  inch  long:  calyx  I 
lobes  lanceolate  acuminate,  3-nerved ;  carpels  papillose-hirsutt^  In  moist | 
places,  Willamette  valley. 

S.  Orenrana  (iray  1*1.  Fendl.  20.  vSlender,  1-3  feet  high,  merely  ^ulicrl 
ulent  or  glabrous  up  to  the  simple  or  paniculate  racemes :  foliage  as  in  the! 

K receding,  but  the  segments  narrower;  lobes  of  the  calyx  canescentT 
roadly deltoid :  petals  6-9  lines  lojig:  carpels  obscurely  rugulose-retinil 
lated,  at  least  on  the  dorsal  angles  and  sides,  the  back  smoothish.  C'omj 
mon  in  wet  meadows  and  swales,  British  Columbia  to  California,  east  to| 
Idaho. 

S.  Henderson!  Watson  Proc.  Am.  Acad,  xxlii,  262.  "Tall  and  apparl 
ently  perennial  (3  or  4  feet  high),  glabrous  throughout,  the  stem  simple  nrl 
nearly  so:  leaves  palmately  7-cleft  to  below  the  middle,  the  mostly  broadl 
segments  coarsely  lobed  and  toothed,  the  upper  leaves  3-6-parted  and  thel 
segments  narrower:  flowers  large  (9-12  lines  long),  in  a  loose  raceme,  thel 
pedicels  (1-3  lines  long),  shorter  than  the  linear  bracts:  calyx  large  (U 
inch  long  in  fruit),  the  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  shortly  acuminate:  carpelsl 
few  (8),  smooth  and  glabrous,  2  lines  long  including  the  conspicuous  linf 
ear  beak.  Near  the  shore  of  Clatsop  Beach,  Henderson,"  to  Seattle,! 
Washington,  Piper. 

3    ►SPH^:EALCEA  St.  HU.   pi.  Us.  t.  51. 

Herbs  or  shrubs  with  angular  or  lobed  leaves  and  mostly 
showy  flowers,  solitary  or  fascicled  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves  or 
bracts,  or  in  terminal  racemes.  Involucre  2-3-leaved,  setaceon 
often  deciduous.  Calyx  5-parted,  staminal  column  simple;  free 
filaments  terminal  and  distinct,  numerous.  Styles  5  or  more, 
with  capitate  stigmas.  Ovules  1-8,  one  ascending  and  maturing, 
the  others  pendulous  and  abortive.  Fruit  conical.  Carpels  i- 
valved  above,  the  upper  portion  where  the  seed  is  wanting  thin- 
walled  and  smooth,  the  lower  half  rugose-reticulated  on  the  sides, 
Seeds  reniform. 


*    Carpels  1-2,  ovulate,  the  upper  ovule  when  present  abortive, 
length  directly  deciduous  from  the  axis,  Malvastrum  'jlray,  in  part. 


at 


S.  Mnnroana  Spach.  Hist.  Veg.  iii,  353.  Malvastrum  Munroauim 
Oray.  Grayish  or  hoary  with  dense  stellate  pubescence,  branching  from 
the  base,  1-2  feet  long,  usually  spreading  or  ascending:  leaves  broadly 
ovate,  usually  cordate  at  base,  more  or  less  deeply  3-5-lobed,  crenately 
or  acutely  toothed,  1-2  inches  long,  equalling  or  exceeding  the  slender  pet 
iole;  calyx  lobes  acute  or  acuminate, ^-4  lines  long:  petals'scarlet,  broadl) 
obovate,  ()-10  lines  long:  carpels  oblong  2  lines  long,  pubescent  on  the 
back.  On  gravelly  banks  along  rivers,  eastern  Oregon  and  Washington  to 
Nevada  and  Utah. 

*  *  Carpels  2-3  ovulate,  1-3  seeded :  when  separating  from  tlie 
axis  cohering  by  their  sides  and  at  base  held  by  a  kind  of  thread 
which  at  length  either  tears  away  from  the  back  of  the  carpel  or  el.«e 
is  carried  away  with  it.    Tall  perennial  herbs. 


srDA. 

MlUTILOX. 


MAI.VACE^:. 


103 


S.  acerlfolla  Nutt.  T.  &G.  Fl.  i,  228.  .Scabrous  with  stellate  pubea- 
ceiii  e:  stems  stout,  mucli  branched,  3-6  feet  high  :  leaves  cordate,  deeply 
,1-7  lobed,  lobes  acute,  coarsely  serrate :  racemes  leafy  below,  naked  above, 
the  flowers  clustered  on  short  peduncles :  lobes  of  the  calyx  broadly  tri- 
an^iular  acute  or  acuminate:  petals  9-15  lines  long,  carjjels  hirsute  on  th* 
back.  On  the  Columbia  river  and  its  tributaries  from  the  Rocky  Mount- 
aiiiH  to  the  ocean. 

H.  leptosepala  Torr.  Bot.  Wilkes  265,  of  the  upper  Columbia  has  slen- 
der iieduncles  and  caudate-attenuate  calyx  lobes.  I  have  been  unable  to 
pee  cither  a  specimen  or  a  description  of  it. 

4     SI  DA  L.  Gen.  n.  837. 

Pubescent  or  tomentose  herbs  with  white  or  yellow  axillary 
solitary  fascicled  flowers.  Calyx  usually  without  bractlets. 
Stiiminal  tube  simple  antheriferous  at  the  summit.  Petal  soblique. 
Styles  5  or  more  with  capitate  stigmas.  Carpels  as  many,  1- 
ovuled,  indehiscent  or  2-valved,  at  length  separating  from  the 
axis. 

S.  hederacea  Torr.  in  Gray  PI.  Fendl.  23.  Stems  decumbent  from  a 
perennial  root,  leafy,  a  foot  long  or  less:  leaves  reniform,  about  an  inch 
broad,  very  oblique,  serrate  or  crenate,  shortly  petioled:  flowers  in  short 
axillary  panicles  or  solitary,  the  pedicels  at  length  deflexed :  calyx  with  1 
or  2  setaceous  bractlets  at  base,  the  lobes  acuminate:  petals  yellowish,  pu- 
bescent externally,  4-6  lines  long,  carpels  6-10,  triangular,  r>a  lines  long, 
flmooth.  From  Washington  (near  Walla  Walla)  to  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico. 

S.  SPINOSA  L.  Sp.  683.  Annual :  minutely  and  softly  pubescent,  much 
branched,  10-20  inches  high  :  leaves  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong,  serrate, 
rather  long  petioled :  peduncles  axillary,  1-flowered,  shorter  than  the 
petiole, "flowers  yellow,  small:  carpels  5,  each  splitting  at  the  top  into  2 
beaks.    On  the  ballast  ground  at  Portland,  Oregon. 

5    ABUTILON  Tourn. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  with  cordate,  rarely  somewhat  lobed, 
leaves  and  solitary  axillary  flowers.  Calyx  5-cleft,  without  an 
involucre.  Ovary  .T-many-celled  with  3,  rarely  more,  ovules  in 
each  cell.  Capsule  composed  of  5  or  more  2-valved,  3seeded, 
rarely  4-6-seeded,  carpels.  Peduncles  axillary,  solitary  or  rarely 
in  pairs,  1-many-flowered,  sometimes  by  the  abortion  of  the  up- 
per leaves  apparently  in  terminal  racemes.  None  indigenous 
but  the  following  one  introduced  and  liable  to  become  common. 

A.  AvicKNN^  Ga'rtn.  Fr.  ii,  251,  t.  135.  Annual:  stem  2-5  feet  high 
with  spreading  branches:  leaves  orbicular-cordate,  abruptly  acuminate,  4- 
(')  inches  in  diameter,  velvety  tomentose,  crenately  toothed :  flowers  usually 
solitary  on  axillary  peduncles,  sometimes  3  or  more  on  short  flowering 
branches  which  bear  1  or  2  small  leaves,  orange-yellow:  carpels  about  15, 
3-Beeded,  inflated,  truncate,  birostrate,  the  long  beaks  spreading  in  a  ra- 
diate manner.    Waste  places  and  roadsides.    Introduced  from  India. 

Order  XVI.     LINACE.E  Dumort.  Comm.  Bot.  61. 

Annual  or  perennial  caulescent  herbs  or  low  shrubs.  Leaves 
alternate  sometimes  opposite  or  subverticillate  below :  simple, 
generally  entire,  sessile  or  nearly  so,  mostly  estipulate.  In- 
florescence usually  cymose.     Flowers  hermaphrodite,  4-5-mer- 


1 

I 


104 


LINACE.*:. 


MNOM 


ICRANIUM. 


OU8,  hypogynous.  Sepals  valvate  and  petals  convolute  in  tliel 
bud,  cliHtinct  or  nearly  ho.  8tamen»ras  many  an  petals  and  all 
ternate  with  them,  united  at  base,  sometimes  with  intermediiitel 
processes  pirsistcnt:  anthers  oblong,  introrse  more  or  less  \t'r[ 
satile,  2-celled,  dehiscing  longitudinally.  Styles  2-5.  0\Hrv| 
slightly  4-10-lobed  its  cells  equal  in  number  to  the  stvles  oJ 
twice  as  many  fr<jm  the  intrusion  of  a  false  partition  from  tliel 
back  of  each  cell,  the  cells  2-ovuled.  Seeds  oily  with  a  little| 
albumen. 

1    LINUM  L.  (ien.  n.  389. 

Leaves  estipultite.     Flowers o-merous,  symmetrical,  except  tlmti 
the  cari)elg  are  fewer  than  the  other  parts  in  one  section.     Sc'|iii]> 
persistent  or    at   length   deciduous.     Petals  fugacious.     Capi^nltl 
splitting  through  the  false  partitions  and  also  septicidal   in  niosil 
species. 

*    Pedicels  elongated :  flowers  large  blue. 

L.  Lewisil  Purfih.  Fl.  210.  Perennial,  glabrous  and  glaucous  2-3  t'lHl 
high :  stems  mostly  cespitosely  clustered,  striate:  leaves  often  somewhat  I 
crowded, oval-linear,  acute  or  obtusish,  3-5-nerved:  flowers  somewhat  (•(irf 
ymbose:  sepals  broadly  oval  mostly  pointless,  the  inner  scarious  margined:! 
petals  5-8  lines  long,  tnrice  the  length  of  the  calyx:  stamens  equal  tourj 
twice  the  length  of  the  sepals,  appendages  slender :  capsule  two  or  tlireel 
times  as  long  as  the  calyx  ovoid,  obtuse,  incompletely  lO-celled  and  lol 
valved,  the  valves  dehiscing  widely  above  and  separating  nearly  to  the! 
centre  below,  the  septa  ciliate.  Alaska  to  ^Saskatchewan  and  the  Grealf 
Plains,  south  to  Arkansas  and  Texas,  west  to  the  Cascade  and  Siskiyou | 
Mountains. 

**  *  Pedicels  often  elongated,  flowers  of  medium-size  or  mostly 
small,  yellow,  white  or  rose -purple :  sepals  usually  glandular-ciliatc, 
persistent:  petals  commonly  with  lateral  t«eth  and  1-3  ventral  ap- 
pendages at  base:  fliaments  without  intervening  appendages  but 
sometimes  2-toothed  at  base :  carpels  2-3  without  cartilaginous  inser- 
tions: styles  distinct ;  stigmas  small,  oblique  or  subcapitate :  capsule 
with  firm  septa,  long,  ciliate  at  base,  the  false  partitions  mostly  incom- 
plete seeds  mostly  plump:  annuals. 

L.  dlgyiium  Gray  Proc.  Am,  Acad,  vii,  .')34.  About  a  span  high,  ^ia- 1 
brous,  stems  slender,  several  times  forked,  rather  prominently  anfjldl 
abive:  leaves  mostly  opposite  elliptical-spatulate,  the  lower  obtuse  andl 
entire,  the  upper  acute  or  mucronate  and  remotely  serrulate,  flowers  at [ 
length  corymV)ose  or  8ubracemo8e,smalf,yellow:  pedicels  short  about  equal! 
to  the  flowers:  sepals  ovate-oblong  rather  oV)tU8e,  minutely  serrulattif 
glandular  and  lacerate  below,  two  of  them  mostly  conspicuously  loiigerj 
and  very  blunt;  petals  epatulateoblong,  truncate  or  emarginate  not ap-l 
pendaged  about  a  line  long,  one  half  longer  than  the  sepals :  stamens  andl 
pistils  a  little  shorter  than  the  calyx:  carpels  2:  capsule  a  little  shorter| 
than  the  calyx,  completely  4-cellea.    Washington   to  northern  California. 

L.    mlcranthnm  Gray  1.  c  333.    A  span  to  a  foot  high,  glaucous,  some- 
what   soft-pul)escent,  loosely  dichotomous  with  slender  terete  branches; 
leaves  spatulate-oblong,  obtuse  or  acutish,  entire,  1-nerved:  pedicels  slen- 1 
der,  longer  than  the  minute  white  flowers :  sepals  ovate-lanceolate  to  oblonnj 
the  inner  slightly  glandular  (uliate:  petals  obovate,  about  twice  the  length  I 
of  the  calyx,  not  toothed  and  without  lateral  apx)endages.  the  median  apf 

Eendflge  ligulate  and  loosely  hairy:  fliaments  round-toothed  and  sliglitlyj 
airy  at   uaee:   capsule  ovoid,  acute  about  equal  to  the  calyx,  the  faU« 


6.     MOLLH    L 


M 


.KRAMUM. 


GERANIACE/K. 


m 


Iflili   incomplete  extending  half  way  to  the  axis  below  the  middle,  nar- 
r)w*  livUive.     California  and  Oregttn. 

IOhderXVIT.  (JKKANIACK/K   J.St.  Hil.    Expos.  Fam.ii,  51. 

Horbs  or  shrubs  with  toothed,  lobed  or  compound  leaves, 
l)erlt!ct  regular  or  irregular  but  commonly  hvui metrical  flow- 
prs  on  axillary  peduncles.  Sepals  5,  imbricated  in  the 
bud.  Petals  5,  general'y  imbricated  in  the  bud.  Stamens 
mostly  in  two  sets,  those  alternate  with  the  petals  sometimes 
[iterile:  filaments  either  dilated  or  monadelphous  at  base. 
)viiry  formed  of  5  1-celled  carpels   around  a  central  axis  with 

aiiatiopous  ovules  in  each  cell  of  which  only  J  matures, 
lej)arating  elastically  at  maturity  from  the  long-beaked  and 
[nchuated  central  axis  from  below  upward,  the  styles  form- 
ing long  tails  which  become  revolute  upward,  or  spirally 
iwisted.  Embryo  filling  the  seed.  Cotyledons  convolute 
pleated  and  incumbent  on  the  radicle. 

(leraiilani.    Fertile  stamens  10;  tails  of  the  carpt-ls  not  beardeil. 
Krodiuni.    Fertile  stamens  5,  tails  of  the  carpels  bearded.' 
1    (iERANIUM  L.  Gen.  n..8:«. 

Usually  caulescent  herbs  with  simple  radiately-divided,i)etioled 
tipulate  leaves  and  1-8  flowered  peduncles  with  a  4-brac'led  in- 
olucre  at  the  ba  e  of  the  pedicels.  Sepals  5,  imbricate<'  in  the; 
ud,  persistent.  Petals  o,  deciduous.  Stamens  10,  nil  ant heri fer- 
ns (except  in  G.  pusillum),  mostl}'  united  a  little  at  base;  fila- 
lents  slender  in  2  sets,  with  a  gland  behind  the  base  of  each  of 
he  shorter  ones.  Ovary  5-lobed,  5-celled  :  style  5-lobed  at  the 
iinmit,  the  lobes  stigmatic  on  the  inner  face.  Carpels  at  ma- 
iirity  separating  from  the  long-beaked  axis  and  borne  on  the  re- 
urving  persistent  beardless  styles,  (except  in  G.  pusillum). 

*    Annuals  with  small  flowers,  the  petals  not  exceeding  the  sep- 
als: perhaps  introduced,  but  now  thoroughly  naturalized. 

4-     Sepals  awned :  carpels  hairy,  at  maturity  detached  from  the 
axis  and  borne  on  the  recurved  style. 

6.  Carolliiianum  L.  tSp.  ii,  682.  Erect,  diffusely  much  branched  from 
tie  base  or  nearly  simple  4-20  inches  high,  pubescent:  leaves  l-2}4  inches 
1  diameter,  palmately  5-7-lobed  or  parted,  the  divisions  cleft  into  oblong- 
near  lobes :  pedicels  short,  crowded  at  the  end  of  branchlets :  petals  ob- 
ordate,  pale  flesh-color,  equalling  the  awned  sepals :  carpels  pubescent : 
Beds  obscurely  reticulated.  Common  from  Brit.  Columbia  to  California 
nd  across  the  continent. 

tt.  D1B8ECTD.M  L.  Amcen.  iv,  282.  Decumbent  or  ascending,  6-20 
idles  long,  dichotomously  branched,  pubescent:  leaves  5-7parted;  the 
ivisions  deeply  and  unequally  cleft  into  linear  lobes :  peduncles  elongated 
sually  solitary  in  the  forks  of  the  branches:  petals  rose-color,  a  little 
mger  than  the  ovate  acuminate  sepals:  carpels  hairy:  seeds  strongly 
Bticulated.    Cultivated  grounds  about  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette  river. 

+■  ■*-    Pepals  not  awned,  mature  carpels  detached  from  the  axis 
and  some  on  the  recurved  style. 

6.    MOLLH  L.  Sp.  PI ,  ii,  682.    LoW^  dtender,  diffuse,  the  branches  a  f«W 


^. 


106 


(iERANIACK^i:. 


OKRANM'J., 


KKoniDM. 


inches  to  a  foot  long,  the  herbage  softly  and  somewhat  clammily  viiltiiu| 
leaves  an  inch  broad  or  more,  cleft  into  oblong  obtusish  loV>es :  sepals  (vii 
oblong,  not  awn-pointed :  petals  very  small,  rose-color :  carpels  glalrnJ 
transversely  rugose :   seeds  minutely  striate.      Plentiful  northward,  t'roj 
northwestern    California  to  Brit.  Columbia. 

■*-■*-■*-'  Sepals  not  awned  :  carpels  rugope,  not  hairy,  at  matinitvl 
remaining  on  tli(?  axis,  not  borne  on  the  recurved  style. 

0.  PUBiLLCM  L.  Sp.  ed.  2,  957.  vSoft-pubescent  or  the  pedicel.^  am 
calyx  villous  and  UHually  glandular:  stems  slender  or  ascending,  ;^-(5  iticl 
long:  lower  leaves  orbicular  an  inch  or  less  in  diameter  equally  dolt  inil 
7-5*  linear  or  oblong  lobes,  each  more  or  less  regularly  3-toothed  ut  tU 
apex  ;  cauliiie  round-reniform,  6-7-parted,  the  ^divisions  cleft  into  lin« 
lobes :  peduncles  often  in  the  axils  of  bracts  opposite  the  leaves,  >'liiin| 
sepals  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate  not  awned:  petals -pale  purple,  alxj 
equalling  the  calyx,  usually  only  5  of  the  filaments  entheriferous :  ciirini 
.  fine,  canescent,  keeled,  not  wrinkled:  seeds  smooth.  Common  in  on 
places  throushout  the  Willamette  valley;  introduced  from  Europe. 

**    Perennials:  flowers  large :  stems  naked  below,  dichotomoiisl 
branched  with  opposite  leaves  above :  sepals  shortly  aristate,  scarionul 
on  one  side,  the  scarious  portion  often  extending  lobe-like  beyond  tin 
apex :  filaments  and  petals  pilose  at  base. 

Gt  Fremont!  Torr,  in  Gray  PI.  Fendl.  26.  Rather  stout,  more  or  I 
pubescent  throughout  .with  a  close  glandular  pubescence,  sparsely  intii 
mixed  with  longer  pilose  hairs :  radical  leaves  7-cleft,  the  segments  :'>-\m 
or  incised;  cauline  3-6  cleft,  the  divisions  3-lobed  ;  petals  obovate  twii 
the  length  of  the  sepals :  villous  at  base.  Dry  open  hillsides,  Idaho  toll 
Rocky  Mountains. 

G,    Richardsonl  F.  «f.  M.  Ind.  ►Sem.  Petr.  iv,  37.    Erect  with  sliiiii 
branches  lJ^-3  feet  hie^h:  pubescence  usually  fine  and  apjjressed :  kaij 
deeply  5-7-cleft,  lobes  sharply  incised  :  pedicels  and  sepals  glandular  jiiloi 
petals  entire,  hirsute  at  base.    In  the  mountains  from  Brit.  Am.  to  NJ 
Mexico  and  westward,  perhaps  on  our  eastern  border. 

6.  inctsam  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  206.  Densely  pilose  with  short  wlJ 
spreading  or  defiexed  hairs  to  nearly  glabrate :  stems  stout,  numenl 
from  the  crown  of  a  large  somewhat  woody  perennial  root,  1-3  feet  liij 
dichotomously  branched  above  with  a  long  2-fiowered  peduncle  or  hiaa 
in  the  forks  or  at  length  a  pair  of  opposite  sessile  leaves,  with  a  pediinf 
in  the  axil  of  each ,  appearing  compact  and  many-flowered :  lower  leaves  vij 
long  petioled,  ample,  round- reniform  in  outline,  primarilv  deeply  o-hi 
or-parted,  the  broad  cuneiform  lateral  segments  cieeply  2-lobed,  the  oHi 
lobes  coarsely  incised  and  serrate;  the  upper  ones  similar  but  very sh| 
petioled  or  sessile  :flower8  purple,  on  slender  pedicels  J^-2  inches 
somewhat  abruptly  contracted  above  to  the  rather  stout  awn,  outeiij 
somewhat  pubescent  and  more  or  less  glandular-ciliate;  ianer  onesi 
utely  pubescent,  with  rather  broad  scarious  margins ;  |>etal8  Vjroadlyi 
vate  6-8  lines  long,  more  or  less>retuse,  conspicuously  veined,  ileiil 
bearded  at  base ;  filaments  about  equalling  the  style,  dilated  and  ciliatl 
base ;  styles  minutely  hispid,  the  free  tips  1-2  lines  long  and  spreailiiijl 
recurved.  Along  small  streams,  eastern  Oregon  and  Washington  to  T 
Columbia  and  Dakota. 

0>  Oreganmii.  Pilose  with  short  white  defiexed  hairs  or  that  of  { 
pedicels  spreading  and  gland-tipped,  stems  several  from  the  crowm 
thick  perennial  root,  erect,  1-2  feet  high  comparatively  slender  with  I 
internodes,  dichotomously  branched :  leaves  all  rather  long  petioled,  ild 
5-7-cleft,  the  cnneate  segments  irregularly  incised  and  toothed :  M 
bright  purple  on  long  slender  ascending  peduncles  thus  appearing  Iw'j 
ilowered,  pedicels  1-2  inches  long  slender :  sepals  oblong-ovate,  outer 


iKRANirj 


I  uonii'M. 


(iKRANIACK,^:. 


I» 


at  inatiiiiiv 


li.iCH  loii}{,  KliiixliiliX'  ciliaU'  and  iniiniUtly  piloHc,  );ra<luHlly  r<tiiirHcU'<l 
itlir  sleiulpr  awn,  innt'r  ouch  witli  ratliiT  broad  piirph;  inarKinH  and  al»- 
liiplly  awned ;  petalN  olntvate  entire,  (1-8  lineH  lon^  <iengely  iKmrded  on  the 
yijjes  at  bane  niHide,  obntMirely  veined ;  filamentn  lon>»er  tiian  the  Htyles 
liliitiil  and  eiliate  at  haHe;  HtyleH  jtlloHe,  the  free;  tipH  >»-!  line  lon^j,  con- 
[iveiit.  CariH)lH  minutely  pnneHcent;  beak  2  incites  long.  E.lgu  of  wuudH 
[ml  (>|)en  placeH  throughout  the  Willamette  valley. 

2    ERODIUM  L'Her.  Geran.  ^  l-<5. 

Ht  lbs,  nirely  Hhrubhy  with  jiinnatt'ly  piirtcd  or  palnuitcly 
[•tine*!  .stipulate  leaves  and  l-H-Howercd  peduncles  usually  in  the 
lxil.-<  of  the  upper  leaves.  S((pals  T),  ('(|ual,  rej!;ular.  Petals  5, 
Lastly  eijual.  Stamens  10,  the  •'>  opposite  the  petals  short  and 
[u'rilc,  or  reduced  to  scales,  th(^ ')  alternate  with  the  petals  longer 
liid  perfect,  with  nectariferous  glands  at  the  'oase  of  the  fihi- 
liiciits.  Stylos  persistent,  bearded  on  tiie  inner  siile,  at  length 
jpiially  twisted  below.  Leaves  often  j)innate  and  bijiinnately 
liarted  or  lobed,  when  opposite  more  or  less  un(!(ptal  in  size : 
hedundeB  terminal  or  lateral  (opposite  the  leaves  or  in  the  axil 
hf  the  snudler  one),  undtellately  2-several-Howered  with  a  1- 
bnioted  involucre  at  the  base  of  the  pe<licels.  (.'arpels  very  sharp- 
Lointed  below,  covered  with  obli(iueIy  ascending  appressed  hairs, 
(ardily  if  at  all  dehiscent.  Seeds  obconical  or  oblong,  not 
liulptured, 

*  Leaves  mosily  opposite,  pinnate  or  pinnatitid,  the  diviHions  lobed 
or  tootned :  pedicels  at  length  deflexed,  the  fruit  remaining  erect. 

E.  cicuTARiUM  L'Her.  Ait.  Hort.  Kew.  ii,  414.  Hairy,  much  branched 
^om  the  base,  an  inch  to  2  feet  long:  leaves  op^Mjsite,  pinnate,  the  leaflets 
aciniately  pinnatifid  with  narrow  acute  lobes :  peduncles  exceeding  the 
leaves  bearing  a  4-8-flowered  umbel:  sepals  1-3  tinea  long,(acute :  petals 
fright  rose-color,  a  little  longer :  tail  of  the  carpels  1-2  inches  long.  Com- 
non  throughout  the  Pacific  f^tates  and  Territories.  Flowers  in  very  early 
pring. 

El  MOSCHATUM  Willd.  Hp.  ili,  6;il .  More  or  less  glandular  pubescent: 
Items  a  few  inches  to  a  foot  long:  leaves  pinnate,  the  oblong-ovate  leaflets 
Wqually  and  doubly  serrate:  flowers  pale  on  short  jxidicels :  sepals  3-4 
ines  long:  whole  plant  exhaling  a  musky  odor.  Roadsides,  southwestern 
Oregon  and  California. 

*  *    Leaves  mostly  radical,  round-ovate :  pedicels  erect  in  fruit,   i 

E.  inacrophyllnni  H.  &  A.  Bot.  Beechy  327  (?).  Somewhat  canes- 
lent  with  snort  spreading  hairs  that  are  often  gland-tipped :  subcau- 
lescent,  witli  a  straight  perpendicular  annual  root :  leaves  round 
leniform  to  triangular  ovate  with  a  broad  shallow  sinus,  cre- 
liately  dentate,  t)-18  lines  broad,  on  petioles  1-3  inches  long:  ped- 
lincies  stout,  1-6  inches  long  1-several-flowered :  involucral  bracts 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  1-2  lines  long:  sepals  broadly  lanceolate  shortly 
Vimiinate  scarious  margined,  prominently  5-nerved:  petals  white,  ob- 
|)vate,  entire.  2-3  lines  long  exceeding  the  calyx :  stamens  5,  subtended 
ly  a  broad  appendage  that  is  attached  to  them  half  way  up  or  more :  style 
ihorter  than  tne  stamens,  5-lobed :  carpels  densely  hispid  5-7  lines  long, 
prominently  keeled,  acuminate  below:  seed  oblong,  smooth,  3  lines  long, 
(in  clayey  soil  near  Ashland,  Oregon. 


lOH 


LIMNANTHACK.K. 


MMNANTIII  s. 


Ordkh  XVIII.     LIMNANTHACK.E  Lindl.  Nat.  Syst.  cd.  J.  Ii 

Glabrous  annual  herbs  with  pungent    juice,  pinnately 
sected  alternate  leaves  without  8tii)uTes  and  pale  tlowers.     ScJ 
als  3-5,  valvatein  the  bud,  united  at  base,  persistent.      W-m 
3-5,  withering-persistent.     Stamens  twice  as  many  as  jxtal 
and  inserted   with  them  upon  a  somewhat  perigynous  disk, 
antheriferous ,  filaments  distinct,  those  opposite  the  sepals  liaj 
ing  a  small  gland  at  the  base  on  the  outside :  those  opposite  ti 
petals  usually  shorter:  anthers  roundish  introvse.     Ovary  inj 
sisting  of  2-  5  distinct  l-ovuled  carpels  opposite  the  sepals,  tlf 
styles  rising  from  the  centre  of  each  carpel  and  united  into  u^ 
nearly  to  the   top:  stigmas  simple.     Carpels  becoming  sti 
drupaceous  tuberculate  nutlets.    Seeds  ei-ect,  anatropous,  witi 
out  albumen.      Embryo  with  very   large  cotyledons  and  veil 
short  radicle. 

1.  LimiiantheK.    SepalH,  petulH  uiul  *.'ari)C'lH  nonnally  5:  Htaiiu'iiH  |i'. 

2.  Floerkea.    i^pals,  petals  ami  i-arpels  nornially  3:  stamens  H. 

1    LIMNANTHES  R.  Br.  Lond.  &  Edinb.  Phil.  Mag.  183.3  ii,  7(i. 

Low  annuals  with  estipulate  pinnatifid  leaves  und  showy  wliij 
yellowish  or  rose-color  flowers,  solitary  on  lnteral  and  ieniiirt 
peduncles :  growing  in  water  or  wet  pla'^es.  Calyx  dei'|ily| 
parted.  Petals  5,  persistent.  Glands  5,  alternating  witli  tlic 
als.  Stamens  10.  Style  5-cloft  at  the  apex.  Ovary  with  soliiai 
ascending  ovules.  Carpels  distinct,  subglobose,  at  Hrst  flt's'iv, 
length  hard  and  indeliiscent,  separating  from  the   axis. 

L.  DouglaHil  K.  Br.  1.  c.  Glabrous  tbruughout,  diffusely  bninch 
from  the  base :  the  succulent  stems  6-8  inches  lonjr:  leaves  pinnatf.ll 
leaflets  incisely  lobed  or  parted  into  linear  acute  lobes:  pedunclts] 
length  2-4  inches  long:  sepals  lanceolate  acute,  3  or  4  lines  long:  {hIi 
obovate,  emarginaite,  6-8  lines  long,  white,  with  yellow  base:  style  \i 
slender  3-4  lines  long:  seeds  densely  covered  with  coarse  obtusish  tuliiTolj 
Umpqua  valley,  Oregon. 

L.    grat'llis.    Glabrous  throughout,  branching  from  the  base,  the  i<li| 
der  stems  6-18  inches  long :  leaves  pinnate,  the  ovate  to   ovate-laiiJ 
late  or  linear  acute,  leaflets  entire  or  3-parted :   sei)als  lanceolate,  iicu^ 
nate,  3  lines  long:  petals  oblanceolate,  truncate  or  emarginate  6-7 Ii 
long,  white  with  yellowish  base :  fruit  smooth  or  sparsely  tuberculate. 
wet  rocks,  Rogue  River  Valley  and  southward. 

L.    rosea  Hart,  in  Benth.  PI.  Hartw.  301.      Glabrous,  petals  oIkh^ 
and  emarginate  or  obcordate,  light  rose-color  or  purplish  below,  vill 
within  near  the  base :  fruit  strongly  tuberculate.     California,  to  be  Ion! 
for  on  our  southwest  border. 

L.    pnmila.    Glabrous,  simple  or  sparingly  branched  near  the  base,! 
Inches  nigh :  leaves  commonly  bipinnate  with  trifoliolate  pinnse ;  iiimi| 
lanceolate  to  oblanceolate  acute:  sepals  lanceolate  acuminate  .3-4 lij 
long :  petals  white,  oblong  entire,  little  if  at  all  longer  than  the  sej 
stamens  about  half  the  length  of  the  petals :  carpels  ovoid,  rugose  lid 
crowned    with  short-conic  processes.     On  top  of  Table    Rook,  Jack 
County,  Oregon. 

L*    fluccosa*     FloceoBe-villous,  stems  simplfi    or  sparingly   braiu'lj 


70. 


NASTIIKH. 
.  (Ml.  -J.  1 

nately  ( 
vers.     Sei 
lit.      li'l 

us  (link, 
)  sepals  liai 
Dpposiit' 
Ovarv  11)1 
3  sepals,  t! 
ted  into  oi 
jming   «i' 
•opouH,  will 
ms  and  veil 

taiiH'iis  1 

1833  ii, 

showy  win 
and  leniiii 
dyx  dec'plv 
with  tlic' 
with  sdliiiii 
irnt  tU'sliV, 
lixin. 

ueely  brancli| 
res  pin n ate, 

pedunclt'Sl 
nes  long :  \m 
ase:  style  vi 
tusish  tuliiTfll 

e  base,  the  M 
ovate-laiiii 

iiceolate,  acuij 
ginate  6-7 
uberculate, 

petals  oliii\i 
below,  villi 
lia,  to  be  loul 


ri.r.RKiA.  OXALlPACEiB.  109 

0\  AM*. 

krtii"  bast',  1-3  incbeM  liigb,  recurving;  leaven  pinnat(>  with  linear  or 
IceiilMte  pinnie:  Howera  >vliite  on  short  slender  penduncleH  fnsuieled  at 
jt!ii(l  of  the  stem  or  branches ;  sepals  bnmdiv  lanceolutts  acuminate 
Imeiv  villous  within :  ()etals  oblong,  3-4  lines  long  not  exceeding  the 
aIh:  stamens  not  more  than  ^j  the  length  of  the  j>etals:  (carpels  obovoi<t 
jiipi*  'I'  half  be.set  with  white  acuminate  procossits.  On  gravelly  plains, 
\Vwn  county,  Oregon  to  northern  California. 

FL(KRKEA  Willd.    Neue  Hchr.  Ges.  Nat.    Fr.  Berl.  ill,  448. 

U)\v  smooth  annual  herhs  with  alterniitc  dlHscrted  leaves  with- 
stipules  and  smidl  flowers  on  a.xillary  peduncles.  Calyx 
Iply  8-parted.  persistent.  Petals  8,  alternate  with  as  many 
Lis,  open  in  the  hud,  withering-persistent.  Stamens  (>,  styles 
iniU'd  to  near  the  apex.  Ovaries  'A,  opposite  the  sepals,  1- 
lled,  (listinet,  fleshy,  hecoining  indehiscent  1 -seeded  nutlets, 
Rrating  from  the  axis. 

proserplnacoideiH  Willd.  Act.  Berol.  iii,  448:    Glabrous :  stems  weak, 

I  indies  high  sparingly  branched  from  the  base:   leaves  pinnate,  the 

lut  trifoliolate  with  lanceolate  'eaflets :  the  upper  with  more  numerous 

\r  filiform  leaflets;  sepals  ovate-acute,  about  a  line  long,  a  little  longer 

tilt'  white  petals :  carnels  glol)ose,  densely  tuberculate.     Under  Ash 

I  in  moist  places  about  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette  river,  Oregon  to 
iornia,  Illinois,  Canada  and  the  New  England  Htates. 

Lkk  XJX.    OXALIDACEiE   Lindl.  Nat.  Syst.  ed.  2,  140. 

[erbs,  rarely  shrubby,  with   acid  juice,  trifoliolate  or  pin- 


leaves  and  variously  disposed  regular  tiowers.     Sepals  o, 

W  distinct  or  nearly  so,  persistent ,  imbricate   in  the  bud. 

,1k  "),  hypogynous,  equal,  unguiculate    deciduous,  spirally 

lied  in  the  bud.  Stamens  10,  hypogynous,  more  or  less  mon- 

k)hous:  filaments  subulate,  those  opposite  the  petals  longer 

the  others:  anthers   short,  attached  by  the  middle,  in- 

often  reflexed  and    appearing  extrorse,     Ovary  of  5 

^d  carpels  with  distinct  styles  and    capitate  or  penicillate 

imetimes  2-lobed  stigmas.     Capsule  usually  membranace- 

■lobdd  and  5-celled,  the  capsule  at  length  mostly  separa- 

the  axis,  opening   by   the  dorsal  suture,  l-l'2-8eeded. 

k  auatropous ,  with  a  loose  fleshy  testa  which  bursts  elastic- 

Vhen  the  seeds  are  ripe.     Embryo  straight,  as  long  as  the 

fleshy  albumen  with   a  rather  long  radicle.     Cotyledons 

and  foliaceous. 

1    OXALIS  L.  Gen.  n.  582. 

lbs,  rarely  shrubby,  with  trifoliolate  or  pinnate  leaves  with- 

jipules   and   perfect,  regular   flowers.     Sepals   5,  distinct  or 

at  the  very  base,  imbricate  in   the  bud.     Petals  5,  convo- 

nd  twisted   in   the   bud.     Stamens  10,  the  filaments  some- 

ilated  and  united  below   in  2   sets  of  unequal  length,  all 

iferous.     Capsule   columnar   or   ovoid,  beaked   with  the  5 

5-celled,  dehiscing  loculicidally,  the   valves  remaining  at- 

ingly  braiKlBl  by  the   partitions    to   the  axis.     Seeds   2-several  in  each 

ndulous  the  outer   fleshy   aril-like   coat   at   length   split- 


ar  the  baw 
;  pinnre ;  \nw 
minate  3-4  lii 
than  the  se 
d,  rugose  bil 
Rook,  .Tad 


no  BALBAMINACEJ:.  oxaub 

IMPATIKM. 

ting  nnd  elnntically   recurved  upon  the  rnpho.     T.ow  acauli  >( 
herbs  witli  a  Bour  watery  juice  :  Iciivoh  alternate,  luoHtly  di^iitm 
trifolint«»,  rarely  Htipulatc :    peduncles    UMd)elliitely  «)r   eyiimsi 
1-niany-  Howered.    Ours  all  perennials  with  trifoliolate  leiup.< 

*  AcntileHcctit :  leavcH  and  Hcap(>H  from  the  viid  of  a  Hlendur  |)ii('n] 
nial  Hcaly   rootBtoek:   tlowern  white  <»r  pinkiHh,  noiiiewhat  yellnw 
l>aHt'  and  inoHtly  re(l-v«>tiied :  Ieav*>H  pahiiately  trifoliohite. 

0.    Orefraim.     Nutt.  T.  it:  (i.  Fl.  i,  211.     VilloiiH   with   Hpreadin^' rn 
haiiH:    leaven  and     wiiih'h    cluHtered    at    the    end  «(  tlie    nhort    lai( 
Hcaly  branchletH  of  lonjt  creeping  rofitntockH:  peti<rleH  2-0  inches  high: 
lets  hrnadly  o))cordate   1-2  inches  wide,  Hniooth  alM)ve :  Hcap(>s  nt>t  In 
than  the  i^tioles,  2-bracte<l  alM)ve  the  middle,  l-Howered:  seimln  mIiIm 
rounded  at  theai)ex:   )K>talH  ohlong-obovate  entire  or  eniarKinati' 
lines  long,  white  with  purple  veins :  capsule  globose,  2  or  '.\  lines  in  dJi 
eter,  its  cells  1-2-seeded.     In  moint  places  and  along  streams  in  (leiinel 
ests,  Pnget  Sound  to  California. 

0.  trilltirolia  Hook.  PI.  i,  IIH.  (ilalmms  or  the  underside  of  tlu' 
lets  and  inflorescence  minutely  pubescent:  scapes  and  few  leaves  frnm 
end  of  a  short,  branching,  fleshy-scaly  rhijiome:  jH'tioles  4-12  inches  hi 
leaflets  broa<lly  obcordate,  ,'<>-2  inches  broad:  scaptjs  longer  than  tlic 
ioles,  tt^rminaVing  in  a  f«w-flowered  umbel  of  white  flowers  on  short  | 
eels:  sepals  oblong-lanceolate,  acute,  2  lines  long:  |H>tals  broadly  oN 
ceolate,  deeply  enuirginate,  (i  lines  long:  capsule  linear,  (1-K  lines  \»\\)i 
an  acuminate  beak  half  its  length  :  carjK'ls  alM>ut  H-Heeded.  AUtng  inn 
ain  streams  in  dense  forests:  I'uget  Sound  to  California. 

*  *    Caules(«nt    perennials,   with     trifoliohite    leaves    an«l   ydlii 
flowers. 

0.    HnkMlorlll  Trelease  Mem.  Bost.  Nat.  Hist.  Sue.  iv,  H9.     MortMirl 
villous  throughout:  stems  erect,  slender,  4-12  inches   high  :  leaflets drf 
ol)cordate  with  unequal  lolies:  [H'duncles  scarcely  longer  than  the  jicl 
l-;i-flowered :  sepals  oblong-lanceolate,  acute,  densely  villous  at  tlu'iij 
petals  yellow,  r>-H  lines  long,  thrice  as  l<mg  as  the  sepals,  attached  to 
other  near  the  base:  wavy-margined,  not  enuirginate:   styles  shortcij 
the  inner  stamens:  capsule  nearly    smooth,  about    twice  the  length > 
sepals.    On  dry  \v<M»ded  hillsides,  Oregon  and  Washington. 

Ordek.XX.     balsam  in  ACK^I^:    Duniort.    Anal.    Fain. 


iXPATIBlfl. 
CONYIIUI. 

hci  Miles.  P 
(he  lower  to 
iiiiiii'd  at  the 
liroji'ctioi  ( 
iiiul  are  (I mil 
lit'tcii  l-celle»l 

I.    palliUa  I 
eaviH  oval  or  t 
eiliuicles  2-4-f1 
etuis,  broader 
^(•lliiw  sparing 
liortliward  and 

I.    fulva  Nil 

bvatf  coarsely 
[red:   lower  se 
lliroiid)  with  a 
numerous  reddi 

Ordkh    XXI. 

HhrubH  or  1 
r  no  Hti))ule» 
8  4-5,  unite 
ent.     Petaln 
inserted  l)y  u 
Icate  in  the  bi 
[with  them  ini 
ileshv  disk. 
Ithe  (lisk,  2-5 
ach  cell.     S 
ne.     Seeds  a 

Enoiiyinoui 

colored :  set 

Pachystlmi 

colored.    E 

1    1 


1. 


Shrubs  wit 
loiduous  stipu 
icynies. 
many,  very  sr 


Succulent  lierbaceous  planU  with  bland  colorlesH  juice, 
pie  opposite  or  alternate   leaves   without  stipules  and  im 
axillary  flowers.     Sepals  ">,  imbricate  in   the   bud,  decidii 
the  two  upper  usually  connate,  the  lowest  spurred  ro  gii)l 
Petals  hypogynous,  usually  4,  and  unitedby     jiairs,   lar 
and  distinct.     Stamens  5,  hypogynous;  with  subulate  fila 
and  2-celled  anthers.     Ovary  5-celled  witli   the  piaeentie  iiBCapsule  2-6-1 
axis,  ovules  few  to  many  in   each   cell,  suspended.     StijjniBored,  often  wjf 
sessile,  distinct  or   more  or  less  iinited.     Capsule  '>  celleiBred  arill 
dissepiments  usually  di8a|i]ieariiig,  5  valved,  with    several" 
tropous  seeds  in  each  cell.     Seeds  without  albumen.     Em 
straight:  cotyledons  plano-convex. 

1    IMPATIENS  L.  Gen.  n.  1008. 


Ours  glabrous  annuals   with   alternate  leaves   and  triinsp 
stems.     Se])als  apparently  only  4  from  the  union  of  thorn 


E.    oceldeni 

"-16  feet  high, 

|ublong-lanceola| 

■peduncles  slenc 

Ithe  parts  in  fivd 

iPuget  Sound  tol 


CELaSTRACEwG. 


Ill 


OXALIB 
MPATIICN1, 


rt    latj     letulH,  broader  tlmn  long  with  a  very  short  recurvotl  spur:  flowers  jjale 
\'mh:]t     roliiiw  Hpariiigly   |>i)iictHte.      Near  the  CouHt  from   the  Columbia  river 


lortliwanl  ami  rant  let  the  Atlantic  Ktatee. 


MPATIRita. 
I'ONYMUI. 

PI   tiies.     Potiils  4,  apparently  only  2  from  the  union  of  each  of 
acaui"  He«|it'  li>wor  to   ouch  of  tiu'  luttTul  one?      Filmnents  o,  ujore  or  Ichb 
Htly  tliKitiiBiniii'<l  at  tht!  apex.     Colls  of  the  ovsirv  formed  by  niembranouH 
)r   cyiiiiisiMiroiic'tio'      of  tho  plncentji' which  (»ccupy  t!u' axis  of  the  ovury 
iiiid  are  t  ..uneeted  with  its    ai)ex  hy  a    sleutitr    lireads.     Capsule 
ender  ]M  itn^ifti'ii  l-ceiled  hy  the  disappearap.<<'  of  tin   dissepiiinnts, 

at  yelli.w  aB  j^    palllUa  Nutt.   Gen.   i,  14H.    HteniH  2-5  feet   IhkIi,  much   branched: 
^avi'!4  oval  or  ovate,  coarsely  and  obtUHf»U  serrate  with   niucroiiate  teeth ; 
l»reHdin^'  r«     lediiiicles  2-4-flowered :  lowersepalobtuselycoirio,  dilated,  shorter  than  the 

short 
hes  hi^ 
ipt'S  not  Inn 

Hepals  nlilii 

,narninatc,«  !•  fulvft  Nutt.  1.  e.  Smaller,  w ith  smaller  flowers:  leaves  rhond)ic- 
|{  lines  in  ilii  )Vtttt'  coarsely  an<l  obtusely  serratts  teeth  mucronate  :  iK-duncle  2-4  flow- 
iis  in  deiiHe  Ted:  lower  sepals  acutely  conic,  longer  than  the  petals,  (longer  than 
iroiid)  with  a  rather  long  resupinate  spur:  flowers  deen  orange  with 
r  ,1  .Miumerous  red<li«h-brown  sjMttH.  Same  range  as  the  preceding, 
ude  of  Unl 
leaves  fnnii 
•12  inches! 
er  than  the 

'  broadly  1  or  no  Htipules  and  Hmall,  usually  perfect  regular  flowers.  Sep 
als  4-5,  united  at  base  imbricate  in  the  bud,  usually  persist- 
ent. Petals  as  many  as  the  sepals  and  alternate  with  them, 
inserted  i>y  a  broad  base  under  the  margin  of  tlie  disk,  imbri- 

ate  in  the  loud.  Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals  and  alternate 
with  them  inserted  on  the  margin  or  upper  surface  of  the  flat, 
fleshy  disk.  Ovary  more  or  less  immersed  in  and  adhering  to 
the  (lisk,  2-5  celled  with  l-sevcial  erect  or  ascending  ovules  in 

ach  cell.  Styles  and  stigmns  2-5,  distinct  or  combined  into 
on»'.     Seods  anatropous,  often  arilled. 


t  lines  loiiK 
Alon^  nil 

4    an<l   yt'llii 


W.  Moiv  iir 
leaflets  de 
lan  the  in'tii 
)us  at  till' 
attached  to 
yrles  Hhoitcr 
the  len^tli 
I. 

111.    Fain, 

ess  juice 
■*  and  ivjt'g 
ud,  decidii 
ed  ro  gil 
pairs,  vai 
iilate  tilan 
placenta'  ii 
d.  Stitiw 
lie  ')  cellei 
th  several 
men.    En 


and  trnns 
n  of  the  W 


)Ri)Ki{    XXI.     CELASTKACKiE    bindl.  Nat.    Syst.  ed.    2,  119. 
Shrubs  or  trees  with  simple   or  undivided  leaves  with   sma'l 


1. 


KnoiiyiiioUK.    Flowers  rather  conspicuous.     Ovary  3-5-celled :  fruit^ 
colored:  seeds  in  a  bright  red  arill:  deciduous  shrubs. 


Paehystima.    Flowers  very  small: 
colored.    Evergreen  undershrubs. 

1    KUONYMUS  Tourn.  Inst. 


ovary  2-celled:  fruit  small,  not 
t.  388L.  Gen.  n.  271. 


Shrubs  with  4-angled  branches,  i)pp()sit;!  leaves  with  small,  de- 
ciduous stipules  and  small  flowers  in   axillary    1 -many-flowered 
vines.     Sepals  and  petals  4  or  5,  widely  spreading.    Stamens  as 
iianv.  very  short,  on  a  broad  angular  disk.     Style  short  or  none. 


many,  very 

Capsule  2-(J-lobed  and  8-5-valve(l.  loculieidal,  coriaceous,  col- 
ored, often  warty.  Seeds  1-4  in  eac^h  cell,  covered  with  a  fleshy 
red  arill. 

E.  occldentalls  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  i,  258.  A  shk  oth  straggling  shrub 
■-16feet  high,  with  slender  greenish  branches:  lei. ves  smooth,  ovate  to 
oblong-lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrulate,  2-4  inches  loj  g,  on  short  petioles: 
peduncles  slender  1-4  flowered:  flowers  dark  i)rown,  4  0  lines  in  diameter, 
the  parts  in  fives :  fruit  smooth,  deeply  lobed.  Al  j.ig  m  >untain  fltreama, 
Puget  Sound  to  Ca'ifornia. 


119 


RHAMNACEiE. 


PACHYSTIMA, 
RHAMND8. 


2    PACHYSTIMA  Raf.  Am.  Month.  Mag.  1818. 

Low  evergreen  slirubs  with  opposite  leaves,  and  small  flowcrsl 
in  1-few-flowered  axillary  cymes.  Calyx  with  a  short  oboonicall 
tube  and  four  rounded  lobes.  Petals  4.  Stamens  4,  inserteil  atl 
the  edge  of  the  broad  disk  which  lines  the  calyx-tube.  0\ary| 
free,  2-oelled :  stylt  very  short:  capsule  2-valved,  l-2-aee(l('(],| 
Seeds  enclosed  in  a  white,  many-cleft  membranous  aril, 

P,  Hyrsinltes  Rpf.  1,  c..  Densely  branched  to  nearly  simple,  1-3  feetl 
high:  leaves  smooth,  ovate  to  oblonjj  or  lanceolate,  cnneate  at  base,  the  I 
upper  half  serrate  or  serrulate,  >^-l  im  h  long  on  very  short  peduiicles:! 
flowers  a  line  or  two  long :  fruit  2  lines  long,  smootli.  In  the  mountiiinsj 
from  Brit,  Columbia  to  California  and  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Order  XXII.     liHAMNACE.E  Dumort.  Fl.  Belg.  102, 

Trees  or  shrubs,  the   branches   often   thorny.     Leaves   siinplcl 
with  minute  stipules.  Flowers  small,  sometimes  by  abortion  did- 
cious,  monfP(!ious  or  polygamous.   Calyx  4-5-cleft,  valvate  in  the 
bud.     Petals  distinct,  cucullate,  (each  wrapped  around  a  stamen) 
narrowed  at   base,  inserted  upon   the   throat  of  the  calyx,  sonic- 
times  wanting.     Stamiens  as  many  as  the  lobes  of  the  calyx  andl 
alternate  with  them.     Ovary  2-4,  united  carpels,  2-4-celled,  freej 
from  or  usually  cohering  with  the   tube  of  the  calyx  or  more  orj 
less  immersed  in  the  fleshy  perigynous  disk  :  ovules  solitary,  erect, [ 
Styles  more  or   less-  connate :    stigmas   simple  usually  distinct. 
Fruit   free  or   commonly  more  or  less   cohering  with   the  calyx, 
fleshy  and  indehiscent  or  with  the  carpels  dry  and  at  length  s(|)-| 
arable.     Seeds   erect,  anatropous,  with  a   large,  straight  eml)ryn| 
in  sparing  fleshy  albumen. 

it     Rhamnn?.    Calyx  and  disk  free  from  the  ovary:  calyx-lobes  erect  or | 
spreading:  fruit  berry-like. 

8.    Ceanothns.    Calyx  and  disk  adnate  to  the  base  of  the  ovary:  calyx] 
lobes  connivent.    Fruit  dry  or  nearly  so. 

1     RHAMNUS  T..  Gen.  n.  265  in  part. 

Shrubs  or  small  trees  with  alternate  petioled    pinnately  veinedl 
leaves,  small  deciduous  stipules  and  axillary  cymose  or  racemosp| 
flowers.     Flowers  perfect  or  polygamo-diucious.  (,'alyx  4-o-cl('t't, 
with  erect  or  spreading  lobes,  the   campanulate  tube   lined  witlil 
the  disk  and   persistent.     IVtals   4  or  6  or  more,  inserted  on  tlie 
margin  ot  the  disk  :  cl.aws  short.     Stamens  4  or  5 :  filaments  v(mv[ 
short.     Ovary   free,  2-4-celle  1 :  style  short,  .V4-e]eft.    Fruit  biu  • 
cate,  containing   2-4  cartihiginous  1-seeded  nutlets,  mostly  inde- 
hiscent. 


§  1     Rhamnis  Brongn.  Ann.  Sc.  Nat.   x,  'JGO.   Seeds  and  nut- 1 
lets  deeply  sulcate  or   concave   on   the    back,   the   raphe   in  tlic 
hollow:  flowers   mostly   dioecious,  solitary   or   fascicled   in   tlic 
axils. 

R.    aliilfolia  L'ller.  Sert.  Angl.  5.    Phrub  2-4  feet  high  :  leaves  decid  I 
nous,  ovate-oblong,  acute  at  each  end  or  acaminate,  2  or  ;{  inclies  loii^, 
crenately  serrate,  the  slender  petioles  slightly  pulterulent:    lobes  oftliel 


'M: 


IIY8TIMA. 
AMNDH. 


lall  flowcrsl 
t  obc'onicall 
insfirteil  atl 
be.  0\  aryl 
l-2.-see(lc(i,| 
il. 

iple,  1-3  feetl 
at  base,  tlie| 
t;  pedtindes; 
i  monntiiiiis,! 


i^'fu 


g.  102. 

vea   sin  1]  lie  I 
artion  did'- 
Ivate  in  tliPi 
.  a  stamen) 
ilyx,  soiiip-j 
!  cal^'x  and  I 
celled,  free 
or  more  or| 
itary,  erect. 
ly  distinct.  I 
the  calyx,! 
length  Sep- 
ht   embrynl 

)bes  erect  or  I 
varv:  calvxl 


tely  veined 
ir  racemose  I 
X  4-5-cl('t't, 

lined  witli 
rted  on  the) 
inents  very 

Fruit  biic-l 
lostly  inde- 

Is  and  nut- 
|)he  in  tlie 
led    in   the 


leaves  decid- 
inches  long,  I 
lobes  of  llie 


